Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2025 ARABIC VERSION

I notreachthethresholdrequiredin the field to claim a formal detec- tion,itallowedtheteamtoestab- lishveryconstrainedupperlimitson the very high-energy gamma-ray flux emitted by the source. Thus, these results mark an important steptowarddisentanglingbetween competingtheoreticalmodels,” says Ramón García López, principal in- vestigator(PI)oftheCTAOgroupat the IAC. GRBs are believed to involve ultra- fast jets of plasma ejected either fromablackhole,remanentoflong GRBs, or from the merging of neu- tronstars,inshortGRBs.However, theexactprocessbehindjetforma- tion remains a major mystery. The LST-1 data support the theory that GRB 221009A was powered by a complex, structured jet: a narrow, ultra-fast core surrounded by a wider,slower-movingsheathofma- terial. This challenges the simpler “top-hat” jet commonly used in ear- lierstudiesandoffersnewinsights mage of LST-1 and the Milky Way at the Roque de los Muchachos ObservatoryonLaPalma. [Daniel López/IAC] intojetformationmechanismsand the nature of the central engine. “Notably, the recorded data include observationsmadeundervery brightmoonlightconditions,which posesasignificantchallengefor Cherenkov telescopes due to their sensitivecameras,” pointsoutJuan Cortina,researcherattheIAC/CIE- MATandChairofLSTSteeringCom- mittee. The full moon in the hours followingtheburstpreventedrapid follow-upbyotherCherenkovtele- scopes, but the technical solutions developedbytheLSTCollaboration madeitpossiblefortheLST-1tobe the first one to observe the source in the very high-energy gamma-ray regime. “This marks the first time thattheLST-1hascollecteddata under such challenging conditions, openingnewpossibilitiesforob- serving transient cosmic phenom- ena even during very bright moon nights,” adds Cortina. Theseresultsdemonstratethepow- er of the CTAO’s next-generation telescopestoexploretheveryhigh- energy Universe, ushering in a new erawhereresearcherscanprobethe innerworkingsofcosmicsourcesin unprecedented detail. As the CTAO continues to expand— threemoreLSTsareunderdevelop- ment by the LST Collaboration on thesamesiteandconstructionisbe- ginning on the CTAO-South site in Chile—intermediate configuration arrays will soon be operational in both hemispheres. With an un- precedented sensitivity, these sub- sets of telescopes will already en- hanceourabilitytostudyGRBsand other extreme phenomena. Com- plementarily,thesuccessfuldeploy- ment of alert handlers is allowing automaticresponses,furtherreduc- ingthefollow-upreactiontimesfor transientevents.     SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER2025 و رﻏﻢ أن ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻔـﺎﺋﺾ ﻟـﻢ ﻳﺼـﻞ إﱃ اﻟﺤـﺪ ا ﻄﻠﻮب ﰲ ﻫﺬ ا ا ﺠـﺎل ﻟﻠﻤﻄﺎﻟﺒـﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺸـﻒ اﻟﺮﺳﻤﻲ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺳﻤﺢ ﻟ ﻠﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺣﺪود ﻋﻠﻴﺎ ﺻﺎرﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﺘـﺪﻓﻖ أﺷـﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻣـﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ا ﻨﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ا ﺼﺪر . ﻳﻘﻮل راﻣﻮن ﻏﺎرﺳﻴﺎ ﻟﻮﺑﻴﺰ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﻟﺮﺋﻴ ﴘ ـ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑ ﺎت ﺗﺸ ﻳﻨﻜﻮف CTAO) ( ﰲ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ ﰲ ﺟـﺰر اﻟﻜﻨﺎري " : إن ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺗ ﻤﺜﻞ ﺧﻄﻮة ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻧﺤـﻮ ﻓـﻚ اﻟﺘﺸـﺎ ﺑﻚ ﺑـ اﻟﻨﻤـﺎذج اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳـﺔ ا ﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ." ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ أن اﻧﻔﺠﺎرات أﺷﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻣـﺎ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻧﻔﺜﺎت ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟﴪﻋﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺒﻼزﻣـﺎ ﺗُﻘﺬف إﻣـﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﺛﻘـﺐ أﺳـﻮد أو ﻣـﻦ ﺑﻘﺎﻳـﺎ اﻧﻔﺠﺎرات أﺷﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻣﺎ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ أو ﻣﻦ اﻧـﺪﻣﺎج اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻨﻴﻮﺗﺮو ﻧﻴﺔ أو ﻣﻦ اﻧ ﻔﺠـﺎرات أﺷـﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻣـﺎ ﻗﺼـ ة وﻣـﻊ ذﻟـﻚ ﻻ ﺗـﺰال اﻟﻌﻤ ﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ور اء ﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺚ ﻟﻐﺰ اً . اً ﻛﺒ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت اﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒـ ) LST-1 ( اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺑـﺄن اﻧﻔﺠـﺎر أﺷـﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻣـﺎ A221000 ﻛﺎن ﻣﺪﻋﻮﻣ ﺎً ﺑﻨﻔﺚ ﻣﻌﻘﺪ اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ ﻳﺘﻜـﻮن ﻣـﻦ ﻧـﻮاة ﺿـﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﺎﺋﻘـﺔ اﻟﴪـﻋﺔ ﻣ ﺤﺎﻃﺔ ﺑﻐﻼف ﻣﺎدي أوﺳـﻊ وأﺑﻄـﺄ ﺣﺮﻛـﺔ ﻫﺬا و ﺑﺪوره ﻳﺘﺤﺪى ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ " اﻟﻘﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ " اﻻﺑﺴﻂ اﻟﻌﻠ " ﻮﻳﺔ اﻷﺑﺴﻂ ا ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﺎدةً ﰲ اﻷﺑﺴــﻂ ا ﺴــ ﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻋــﺎدةً ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳــﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ وﻳﻘـﺪم رؤى ﺟﺪﻳـﺪة ﺣـﻮل آﻟﻴـﺎت ﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺚ . ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ا ﺤﺮك ا ﺮﻛﺰي . ﺗﺸ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ا ُﺴﺠﻠﺔ اﱃ ان اﻟ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺮﺻﺪ أُﺟﺮ ﺗﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎ ت ﺗﺸ ﻳﻨﻜﻮف ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺧﻄﻮة ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﰲ دراﺳﺔ اﻧﻔﺠﺎرات أﺷﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻣﺎ رﻏـﻢ اﻟﺘﺤ ـﺪﻳﺎت اﻟﻜﺒــ ة اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠــﺔ ﻋــﻦ اﻟ ﻀ ـﻮء اﻟﺴﺎﻃﻊ ﻟ ﻠﻘﻤﺮ او ﻇﺮوف اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ا ﻌﻘﺪة . ﻳﺸ ﺧﻮان ﻛﻮرﺗﻴﻨﺎ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺒﺤﻮث اﻻﺳﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﰲ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ واﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎت ورﺋﻴﺲ اﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﴩوع اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﻜﺒـ ة إﱃ :" أن ﻛﺎﻣ ات اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺔ ﺟﺪاً ﻣﻜﻨﺖ ا ﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب LST-1) ( ﻟﻴﻜﻮن أول ﻣـﻦ ﻳﺮﺻـﺪ ا ﺼﺪر ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎم أﺷﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻣﺎ ﻋـﺎﱄ اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺴـﺎﻋﺎت ﺑﻌـﺪ اﻻﻧﻔﺠـﺎر ﻋــﲆ اﻟـﺮﻏﻢ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻛﺘﻤﺎل اﻟﻘﻤﺮ أو ﴎﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﻀﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ . إن ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻷرﺻـﺎد ﺗﺘـﻴﺢ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌـﺔ دﻗﻴﻘـﺔ وﺗـﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﻨﻤـﺎذج اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳـ ﺔ ﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎرات اﺷﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻣﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ . ﻳـﻒ : " ﻛﻮرﺗﻴﻨﺎ ﻫﺬه ﻇﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻈـﺮوف اﻟﺼـﻌﺒﺔ، ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻔﺘﺢ آﻓﺎﻗًـﺎ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪة ﺮاﻗﺒـﺔ اﻟﻈـﻮاﻫﺮ ﺗ ﻀﻴﻒ ﻛﻮرﺗﻴﻨﺎ " : ﻫﺬه ﻫﻲ ا ـﺮة اﻷوﱃ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻳﺠﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ) LST-1 ( ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻔـﺘﺢ آﻓﺎﻗًـﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﻈﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮ ة ﺣﺘﻰ ﰲ ﻟﻴﺎﱄ اﻟﻘﻤﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﻃﻊ ﺟﺪ ".اً ﺗ ﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻗـﻮة ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﺠﻴـﻞ اﻟﻘﺎدم اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺮﺻﺪ ﻣﺼـﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮﺑ ﺎت ﺗﺸ ﻳﻨﻜﻮف ﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف اﻟﻜﻮن ﻋﺎﱄ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ وﺗ ﺒﴩّ ﺑﻌﴫ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﻤ ﻦ اﻟﺒ ﻜ ﺎﺣﺜ ﻣﻦ ﺳﱪ أﻏ ـﻮار ا ﺼ ـﺎدر اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴ ـﺔ ﺑﺘﻔﺎﺻ ـﻴﻞ ﻏــ . ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎً ﻊﻴ ﺗﻮﺳ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺗﻠﺴــﻜﻮﺑ ﺎت ﺗﺸــ ﻳﻨﻜﻮف ﺣﻴــﺚ ﻻ ﻳــﺰال ا ﴩوع ﻗﻴﺪ اﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗ ﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻌﺎون اﻟﺪوﱄ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت وﻳﺒـﺪأ اﻟﺒﻨـﺎء ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗـﻊ اﻟﻔـﺮع اﻟﺠﻨـﻮﺑﻲ ﻣـﻦ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮﺑﺎت ﺗﺸـ ﻳﻨﻜﻮف ﰲ ﻴﺳو ﺗﺸﻴﲇ ﺒﺪأ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺗﺸـﻐﻴﻞ ا ﺼـﻔﻮﻓﺎت ﰲ ﻧﺼﻔﻲ اﻟﻜﺮة اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ . ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﺳﺘﺤﺴـ ﻦ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪرﺗﻨ ﺎ ﻋﲆ دراﺳﺔ اﻧﻔﺠﺎرات أﺷﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻣﺎ وﻏ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻌﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ أن ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﺔ اﻟــﴪﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺴـﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﻠﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒ ﻣﻦ زﻣﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻸﺣﺪاث اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮة . ﺻــﻮرة ﻟﺘﺴـــ ﻮب LST-1 ودر اﻟﺘ ﺎﻧــﺔ ﻓـــﻲ ﻣﺮﺻـــــــــﺪ ﻟـــــــــﻮسﻣﻮﺗﺸﺎﺗﺸــــــــــﻮس روﻛـــــــــﻲد . ﻻ ﺎﻟﻤﺎ [Daniel López/IAC] ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ - ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 5