Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2025 ARABIC VERSION

SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER2025 Protoplanetary discs have been observed around ot- her young stars, and they oftendisplayintricatepat- terns,suchasrings,gapsor spirals. Astronomers have long predicted that these structures are caused by babyplanets,whichsweep up material as they orbit around their parent star. But,untilnow,theyhadnot caught one of these plane- tary sculptors in the act. InthecaseofHD135344B’s disc,swirlingspiralarmshad previouslybeendetectedby another team of astron- omers using SPHERE (Spec- tro-Polarimetric High-con- trast Exoplanet REsearch), aninstrumentonESO’sVLT. However,noneoftheprevi- ousobservationsofthissys- temfoundproofofaplanet forming within the disc. Now, with observations from the new VLT’s En- hancedResolutionImagerandSpec- trograph (ERIS) instrument, the re- searchers say they may have found their prime suspect. The team spotted the planet candi- date right at the base of one of the disc’sspiralarms,exactlywherethe- ory had predicted they might find the planet responsible for carving such a pattern. “What makes this detection poten- tially a turning point is that, unlike many previous observations, we are able to directly detect the signal of theprotoplanet,whichisstillhighly embedded in the disc,” says Maio, who is based at the Arcetri Astro- physical Observatory, a centre of Italy’s National Institute for Astro- physics(INAF). “Thisgivesusamuch higher level of confidence in the planet’s existence, as we’re observ- ing the planet’s own light.” Adifferentteamofastronomers strument to observe an- other star, V960 Mon, one that is still in the very early stages of its life. In a study published on 18 July in The Astrophysical Jour- nal Letters , the team re- port that they have founda companion object to this young star. The exact na- ture of this object remains a mystery. The new study, led by Anuroop Dasgupta, a doc- toral researcher at ESOand at the Diego Portales University in Chile, follows up observations of V960 Mon made a couple of years ago. Those observa- tions, made with both SPHERE and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submil- limeter Array (ALMA), re- vealedthatthematerial orbiting V960 Mon is shaped into a series of intricate spiral arms. Theyalsoshowedthatthematerialis fragmenting,inaprocessknownas ‘gravitationalinstability’,whenlarge clumpsofthematerialaroundastar contractandcollapse,eachwiththe potentialtoformaplanetoralarger object. “Thatworkrevealedunstable materialbutleftopenthequestion ofwhathappensnext.WithERIS,we set out to find any compact, lumi- nousfragmentssignallingthepres- ence of a companion in the disc — and we did,” says Dasgupta. The team found a potential companion objectveryneartooneofthespiral arms observed with SPHERE and ALMA.Theteamsaythatthisobject couldeitherbeaplanetinformation, ora‘browndwarf’—anobjectbig- ger than a planet that didn’t gain enough mass to shine as a star. Ifconfirmed,thiscompanionobject maybethefirstcleardetectionofa planetorbrowndwarfformingby havealsorecentlyusedtheERISin- gravitationalinstability .   ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 21 ﻟﻄﺎ ﺎ ﺗﻨﺒﺄ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﺑﺄن ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺒُﻨﻰ ﻧﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻮاﻛـﺐ ﻧﺎﺷـﺌﺔ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ا ﻮاد أﺛﻨﺎء دوراﻧﻬﺎ ﺣـ ﻮل ﻧﺠﻤﻬﺎ اﻷم وﻟﻜﻦ ﺣﺘـﻰ اﻵن ﻟـﻢ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻨﻮا ﻣﻦ رﺻـﺪ أي ﻣـﻦ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ أﺛﻨﺎء ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ . أﻣـﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟــﺔ ﻗــﺮص HD135344B ﻓﻘﺪ رﺻﺪ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ آﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﺳـﺎﺑﻘًﺎ إﻧـﺬارات دواﻣﻴـﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﻬﺎز ا) ﺳﻔ ﻟﺒﺤـﺚ اﻟﻄﻴﻔﻲ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﻄﺎﺑﻲ ﻦ ﻋﺎﱄ اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳ ﻟ ﻠﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ﺧﺎرج اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺸﻤﴘ ( وﻫـﻮ ﺟﻬـﺎز ﺗ ـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب اﻟﻜ ﺒــ ﺟــﺪ اً اﻟﺘــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻــﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ وﻣ ﻊ ذﻟـﻚ ﻟـﻢ ﺗﺜﺒـﺖ أي ﻣــﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎت اﻟﺮﺻـﺪ اﻟﺴـﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﻬ ـﺬا اﻟﻨﻈـﺎم وﺟـ د ﻮ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﻳﺘﺸـﻜﻞ داﺧـﻞ اﻟﻘـﺮص . واﻵن وﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬـﺎزي اﻟﺘﺼــﻮﻳﺮ ﻋـﺎﱄ اﻟﺪﻗـﺔ ا ﺤﺴ إﻳﺮس) ﻦ ( وﺟﻬـﺎز ﻗﻴـﺎس اﻟﻄﻴﻒ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﺟﺪًا، ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن إﻧﻬﻢ رﺑﻤـﺎ ﺗﻈﻬــــﺮ ﻫـــــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼـــــﻮرة، اﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻄـــــ ﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳـــــﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﺴـــــــــــ ﻮب اﻟﻌﻤـــــــــــﻼقﺟـــــــــــﺪ اً اﻟﺘـــــــــــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻـــــــــــﺪ اﻷوروﺑــــﻲ اﻟـــــﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺎً رﻓ ﻘــــ ﻣﺤــــﺘﻤﻼً ــــﺪورﺣـــــﻮل اﻟــــــﻨ ﻢ اﻟﺸــــــﺎب V960Mon اﻟﺘ . ﻘﻄــــــﺖ اﻟﺼــــــﻮرة ﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﻬــﺎزاﻟﺘﺼـﻮﻳﺮاﻟﻄ ﻔـﻲﻋـﺎﻟﻲ ا ﻟﺪﻗــﺔ ) ERIS ( اﻟﺘــــــــــــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺴــــــــــــ ﻮب اﻟﻌﻤــــــــــــﻼقﺟــــــــــــ . اً ﺪ ﺧﺼـــﺎﺋﺺﻫـــﺬا اﻟـــ ـ ﺠﺴﻢ ﻏـــ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓـــﺔ : ﻗـــﺪ ﻳ ـــﻮن ـﺎً ﻮﻛ أو ﻗﺰﻣــﺎً ــﺎً - ﻨ ﺎً ﺟﺴــﻤ أﻛــ ﻣــﻦ ﻮﻛــﺐ ﻟــﻢ ﻜﺘﺴﺐ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﺎﻓ ﺔ ﻟ ﺘﺄﻟﻖ ﻛﻨ ﻢ . [ESO/A. Dasgupta] اﻟﻄﻴﻒ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﺟﺪاً ﻳﻘـﻮل اﻟﺒـﺎﺣﺜﻮن إﻧﻬـﻢ رﺑﻤـﺎ وﺟـﺪوا ا ﺸـﺘﺒﻪ ﺑـﻪ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﴘ . رﺻﺪ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ا ﺮﺷﺢ ﻋﻨـﺪ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة إﺣﺪى اﻟﺒﻨﻰ اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ ا داﺧﻞ ﻟﻘـﺮص ﺎً ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ﰲ ا ﻮﻗﻪ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺖ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳـﺔ وﺟـﻮد اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ا ﺴﺆول ﻋﻦ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻤ . ﻂ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﻘﻮل ﻣﺎﻳﻮ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ أرﺗﺸـﻴﱰي ﻟﻠﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ وﻫﻮ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ﺗـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻬـﺪ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ا ﻹﻳﻄﺎﱄ ﻟﻠﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ " : ﻣﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﻫﺬا ا ﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﺤﻮل ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻫﻮ أﻧـﻪ ﻋﲆ ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷرﺻﺎد اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺗﻤﻜﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ رﺻﺪ إﺷﺎرة اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ اﻷوﱄ ﻣﺒﺎﴍة وﻫـﻮ ﻳ ﻻ ﺰال ﻣﺪﻣﺠ ﺎُ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒ ﰲ اﻟﻘـﺮص ﻫـﺬا و ﻳﻤﻨﺤﻨﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى أﻋـﲆ ﺑﻜ ﺜـ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺜﻘـﺔ ﰲ وﺟـﻮد اﻟﻜﻮﻛـﺐ ﻴـﺚ أﻧﻨـﺎ ﺣ رﺻـﺪﻧﺎ ﺿـﻮء اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻟﻘﺪ ." اﺳﺘﺨ ﺪم ﻓﺮﻳﻖ آﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻣﺆﺧﺮ اً أداة إﻳﺮس) ( ﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﻧﺠﻢ آﺧﺮ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ V960 Mon وﻫﻮ ﻧﺠﻢ ﻻ ﻳـﺰال ﰲ ا ﺮ اﺣﻞ اﻷوﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ . أﻓـﺎد اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ ﰲ دراﺳـﺔ ﻧـ ـ ﴩت ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠـﺔ رﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ أﻧﻬﻢ اﻛﺘﺸ ﻔﻮا ﺟﺮﻣﺎً ﻠﻨﺠﻢ ﻟ ﺎً ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﻻ ﺗﺰال . ﻏﺎﻣﻀﺔ ﺗﺘـﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳـﺪة اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻗﺎدﻫﺎ أﻧﻮروب داﺳﻐﻮﺑﺘﺎ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﺔ اﻟـﺪﻛﺘﻮراه ﰲ ا ﺮﺻـﺪ اﻷوروﺑــﻲ اﻟﺠﻨــﻮﺑﻲ وﺟﺎﻣﻌــﺔ دﻳﻴﻐــﻮ ﺑﻮرﺗــﺎﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺗﺸــﻴﲇ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت رﺻﺪ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ V960 Mon اﻟﺘﻲ أُﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﻗ ﺒـﻞ ﻋـﺎﻣ . وﻗـﺪ ﻛﺸـﻔﺖ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴــﺎت اﻟﺘ ـﻲ أُﺟﺮﻳــﺖ ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺨﺪام ﻛــﻞ ﻣــﻦ ﻣﻄﻴﺎفﺳﻔ وﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ أﺗﺎﻛﺎﻣﺎ اﻟﻜﺒ ة ا ﻠﻴﻤﱰﻳﺔ / دون ا ﻠﻴﻤﱰﻳﺔ ( ﺎ أن ا ﺎدة اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗـﺪور ﺣـﻮل اﻟﻨﺠﻢ V960 Mon ﺗﺘﺨـﺬ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺳﻠﺴـﻠﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻷذرع اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴـﺔ ا ﻌ . ﻘﺪة ﻛﻤـﺎ أﻇﻬـﺮوا أن ا ـﺎدة ﺗﺘﻔﺘﺖ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﺗ ﻌـﺮف ﺑﺎﺳـﻢ " ﻋــﺪم اﻻﺳــﺘﻘﺮار اﻟﺘﺠــﺎذﺑﻲ " ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻘﻠﺺ وﺗﻨﻬﺎر ﻛ ﺘﻞ ﻛﺒ ة ﻣﻦ ا ﺎدة ا ﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﺑـﻨﺠﻢ وﻟﻜـﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﲆ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ أو ﺟﺴـﻢ أﻛـﱪ . ﻳﻘـﻮل داﺳـﻐﻮﺑﺘﺎ : " ﻳﻘﻮل داﺳﻐﻮﺑﺘﺎﻛﺸﻒ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻏ ﻛ ": ﺸﻒ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻏ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮة ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺗﺮك ﺗﺴ ﺎؤﻻً ﻣ ﺎً ﻔﺘﻮﺣ ﺣﻮل ﻣﺎ ﺳﻴﺤﺪث ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟـﻚ . ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻜـﺎﻣ ا اﻟﻄﻴﻔﻴﺔ إﻳﺮس) ( ﴍﻋﻨـﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺒﺤـﺚ ﻋـﻦ أي ﺷﻈﺎﻳﺎ ﻣﺪﻣﺠـﺔ وﻣﻀـﻴﺌﺔ ﺗُﺸـ إﱃ وﺟـﻮد رﻓﻴﻖ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮص - وﻗﺪ ﻓﻌﻠﻨﺎ ذﻟﻚ ." وﺟﺪ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺟﺴﻤ ﺎً ﺎً رﻓﻴﻘ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻼً اً ﺟﺪ ﺎً ﻗﺮﻳﺒ ﻣـﻦ أﺣـﺪ اﻷذرع اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ر ﺻـﺪت ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻄﻴـﺎف ﺳـﻔ وﻣﺮﺻـﺪ (. ﺎ أ ـ) ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﻔﺮﻳ ﻖ إن ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻗـﺪ ﻳﻜـﻮن إﻣـﺎ -" ﺎً ﺑﻨﻴـ ﺎً ﻗﺰﻣـ " أو ﺎً ﻛﻮﻛﺒ ﺎً ﺟﺴـﻤ أﻛـﱪ ﻣـﻦ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﺘﺴﺐ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺘﺄﻟﻖ ﻛـﻨﺠﻢ . ﻳ ﻌﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف إﻧﺠﺎز اً ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳـﻮﻓ ﺮ أدﻟﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﴍة ﻋـﲆ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﻧﺸـﺄة اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﻘـﺔ اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ واﻷﻗﺰام اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻷﻗﺮاص اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻴـ ﺔ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ ا ﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﺑـﺎﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺣﺪﻳﺜـﺔ اﻟﺘﻜـﻮﻳﻦ . ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺗـﺪﻋﻢ ﻓﺮﺿـﻴﺎت ﺟﺪﻳـﺪة ﺣـﻮل آﻟﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻲ إذا ﺗﺄﻛـﺪ ذﻟـﻚ ﻓﻘـﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ا ﺮاﻓﻖ أول اﻛﺘﺸﺎف واﺿﺢ ﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ أو ﻗـﺰم ﺑﻨـﻲ ﻳﺘﺸـﻜﻞ ﺑﻔﻌـﻞ ﻋـﺪ م اﻻﺳـﺘﻘﺮار اﻟﺠـﺎذﺑﻲ وﻫـﻲ ﻧﻈﺮﻳ ـﺔ ﺑﺪﻳﻠ ـﺔ ّﻟ ﻨﻤﻮذج اﻟﱰاﻛﻢ اﻟﻠﺒ ﻲ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋ . ﺎً ﺼﻮر ـﺪﻳﻮ اﻟـﻨ ﻢ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔ HD 135344B ـﻢٌ وﻫـﻮ ﻧ ـﻮﻳﻦ ﺣـﺪ ﺚ اﻟﺘ ﻘـﻊ ﻋﻠـﻰ ُﻌــﺪ ﺣــﻮاﻟﻲ 440 . ﺳـــﻨﺔ ﺿــﻮﺋ ﺔ ــﺎﻟﻨ ﻢ ﻳﺤـــ ﻂ ــﺎرواﻟﻐـــﺎز ﻃ ﻘـــﺔ ﻛﺜ ﻔــﺔ ﻣـــﻦ اﻟﻐ ذاتﺳﻤﺎتٍ ﺣﻠﺰوﻧ ﺔٍ ﺎرزة . رﻤﺎ ﻛﺸﻔﺖ ﻋﻤﻠ ﺎت اﻟﺮﺻﺪ اﻟ ـ ﺗﻢ اﻟ ﺠﺪ ﺪة اﻟ ـ ﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻬــﺎ ﺎﺳــﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻠﺴــ ﻮب ا ﻟﻜﺒــ اً ﺟــﺪ اﻟﺘــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻــﺪ اﻷوروﺑــﻲ اﻟــ ـ ﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲﻋــﻦ ﻮﻛـﺐ ـﻮن ﻨ ﻗـﺪ ﻳ ﺤـﺖﻫـﺬﻩ اﻟﺴـﻤﺎت . ـﺪﻳﻮ ﺻـﻮر ﻳ ﻤـﻊ اﻟﻔ اً اﻟﺘﻘﻄـﺖ ﺘﻠﺴـ ﻮ ﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ أوﻗﺎت وأﻃﻮال ﻣﻮﺟ ﺔٍ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ . [ESO/L. Calçada/N. Risinger (skysurvey.org) /VMC Survey/Digitized Sky Survey 2/ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/N. van der Marel et al./T. Stolker et al./F. Maio et al.] ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ - ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 5