Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2025 ARABIC VERSION

SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER2025 A newborn planet sculpts the dust around itself byESO BárbaraFerreira stronomersmayhavecaught a still-forming planet in ac- tion,carvingoutanintricate pattern in the gas and dust that sur- rounds its young host star. Using ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT), they observed a planetary disc with prominent spiral arms, finding clear signs of a planet nestled in its inner regions. This is the first time as- tronomers have detected a planet candidate embedded inside a disc spiral. “We will never witness the formationofEarth,buthere,around a young star 440 light-years away, we may be watching a planet come into existence in real time,” says Francesco Maio, a doctoral re- searcher at the University of Flo- rence, Italy, and lead author of this study, published in Astronomy & As- trophysics . Thepotentialplanet-in-the-making was detected around the star HD 135344B, within a disc of gas and dust around it called a protoplane- tarydisc.Thebuddingplanetisesti- matedtobetwicethesizeofJupiter andasfarfromitshoststarasNep- tune is from the Sun. It has been observed shaping its surroundings withintheprotoplanetarydiscasit grows into a fully formed planet. ﻌ ﺪ ﻮﻛﺐ ﻧﺎﺷ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﻐ ﺎر اﻟﻤﺤ ﻂ ﮫ اﻟﺼـــﻮرة ﻋﻠـــﻰ اﻟ ﺴـــﺎر اﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻄـــﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳـــﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﺴــــــــــــ ﻮب اﻟ ﻜﺒــــــــــــ ﺟــــــــــــﺪاً اﻟﺘــــــــــــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻـــــــــــــﺪ اﻷوروﺑــــــﻲ اﻟـــــــ ـ ﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ اﺣﺘﻤــــــﺎل ﻧﺸـــــــ ﻞ ﻮﻛـــــــﺐ ﺣــــــﻮل اﻟــــــﻨ ﻢ اﻟﻨﺎﺷــــــﻰء HD135344B . ﻳ ﻌــــــﺪ ﻫــــﺬا اﻟــــﻨ ﻢ ﺣــــﻮاﻟﻲ 440 ﺳــــﻨﺔ ﺿــــﻮﺋ ﺔ وﻫــــﻮ ـــﺎر واﻟﻐـــﺎزوﻟـــﮫ ﻣﺤـــﺎط ﻄ ﻘـــﺔ ﻛﺜ ﻔـــﺔ ﻣـــﻦ اﻟﻐ ـــــــــــــﺎرزة ـــــــــــــﺔ أذرع ﺣﻠﺰوﻧ . ﺗﺘﻮﻗـــــــــــــﻊ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ـــــــــــــﺔ أن ـــــﺔ اﻟ ﻮاﻛــــﺐ ﻗــــﺎدرة ﻋﻠـــــﻰ ﺗﺸــــﻜﻴﻞ أذرع ﺣﻠﺰوﻧ ﻬـــــﺬﻩ و ﻘـــــﻊ اﻟ ﻮﻛــــــﺐ اﻟـــــ ـ ﺠﺪ ﺪ اﻟﻤﺮﺷـــــﺢ ﻋﻨــــــﺪ ﻗﺎﻋـــﺪة أﺣـــﺪ اﻷذرع ﻤـــﺎ ﻫـــﻮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗـــﻊ . اﻟﺘﻘﻄـــﺖ ـــــــــــــﺪ اﻟﺼـــــــــــــﻮرة ﺎﺳـــــــــــــﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﻬـــــــــــــﺎزﺟﺪ ﻋﻠـــــــــــــﻰ اﻟﺘﻠﺴ ﻮب اﻟ ﻜﺒ : ﺟﺪاً ﺟﻬﺎزاﻟﺘﺼـﻮﻳﺮاﻟﻄ ﻔـﻲ ﻋـــﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺪﻗـــﺔ إﻳـــﺮس) .( ﺗﻤﺜـــﻞ اﻟـــﺪاﺋﺮة اﻟﺴـــﻮداء اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺔ ﺟﻬﺎزاً " ﺴﻤﻰ اﻟ ﻮروﻧﺎﻏﺮاف " وﻫﻮ ﺟﻬـﺎزﻳﺤﺠــﺐﺿــﻮء اﻟـﻨ ﻢ ﻟ ﻜﺸــﻒﻋـﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﺻـﻴ ﻞ ﺧﺎﻓﺘﺔ ﺣﻮﻟﮫ . ﺗﺸ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﻟﺒ ﻀﺎء إﻟﻰﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟ ﻮﻛـــــﺐ . اﻟﺼـــــﻮرة ﻋﻠـــــﻰ اﻟ ﺴـــــﺎر أرﺻـــــﺎد ﻫـــــﻲ ﺳﺎ ﻘﺔ ﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﻬـﺎز ( ﺳـﻔ) وﻛـﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻨـﺪ اﻟﺘﻠﺴــــــــــ ﻮب اﻟﻜﺒـــــــــــ ﺟــــــــــﺪاً ) ـــــــــــﺎﻟﻠﻮن اﻷ ﻤـــــــــــﺮ ( ــــﺔ وﻣﺼــــﻔﻮﻓﺔ أﺗﺎ ﺎﻣــــﺎ اﻟﻜﺒــــ ة اﻟﻤﻠ ﻤ دون / ـﺔ اﻟﻤﻠ ﻤ أﻟﻤـﺎ ) اﻟ ﻘـﺎﻟﻲواﻷزرق .( ﻟـﻢ ﺗﻌـ ﻫـﺬﻩ اﻟﺪراﺳـﺎت وﻏ ﻫــ ﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ HD 135344B ﻋﻠــــﻰ أي ﺼـــــﻤ ﻟ ﺎت ﻤﺮاﻓـــــﻖ ـــــﻮن وﻟﻜــــﻦ رﻤـــــﺎ ﻳ ـــﺎف إﻳـــﺮس) ﻣﻄ ( ﻗـــﺪ ﻛﺸـــﻒ أﺧـــ اً ﻋـــﻦ اﻟﺴـــ ﺐ وراء ﻗﺮص اﻟﻨ ﻢ اﻟ ـ ﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻲ . [ESO/F. Maio et al./T. S olker et al./ ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/N. van der Marel et al.] : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺎر ﺮا ﻓ ﺮا اﻟﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟـﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ر ﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻗﺪ رﺻﺪوا ﻛﻮﻛﺒـﺎً ﻻ ﻳﺰال ﰲ ﻃﻮر اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ أﺛ ﻨﺎء ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻪ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺤﺖﻧ ﻧﻤﻄﺎ ﻣﻌﻘﺪ اُ ﰲ اﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﻐﺒﺎر ا ﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﻨﺠﻤـﻪ ا ﻀﻴﻒ اﻟﺸﺎب . ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ اً ﺟﺪ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ رﺻﺪوا ﺻﺎً ﻗﺮ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻴﺎً ﺑﺄذرع ﺣﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎرزة ووﺟـﺪوا ﻋﻼﻣﺎت واﺿﺤﺔ ﻋﲆ وﺟﻮد ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﻣﺘ ﻮﺿﻊ ﻤ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻪ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ . ﻫﺬه ﻫﻲ ا ﺮة اﻷوﱃ ا ﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﻓﻴ ﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﻛﻮﻛﺒـ ﺎً ﺎً ﻣﺮﺷـﺤ ﺎً ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻧ داﺧﻞ ﻗﺮصﺣﻠﺰوﻧﻲ . ﻳﻘﻮل ﻓﺮاﻧﺸﻴﺴﻜﻮ ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﺑﺎﺣـﺚ دﻛ ﺘـﻮراه ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻓﻠﻮرﻧﺴﺎ ﺑﺈﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ وا ﺆﻟﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴـ ﴘ ـ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ا ﻨﺸﻮرة ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ا ﻨﺸﻮرة ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ واﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ " : ﻟﻦ ﻧﺸـﻬﺪ أﺑـﺪ اً ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ اﻷرض وﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎك ﺣﻮل ﻧﺠﻢ ﺷﺎب ﻳﺒﻌﺪ 440 ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻛﻮﻛﺒ ﺎً ﻳﻨﺸﺄ ﰲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﻔﻌـﲇ ." رﺻـﺪ اﻟﻜﻮﻛـﺐ ا ﺤﺘﻤـﻞ ﰲ ﻃـﻮر اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺣﻮل اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ HD 135344B داﺧـﻞ ﻗﺮص ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐـﺎز واﻟﻐﺒـﺎر ﻳﺴـﻤﻰ اﻟﻘـﺮص اﻟﻜﻮ ﻛﺒﻲ اﻷوﱄ ﻗُﺪ . ر ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻜﻮ ﻛـﺐ اﻟﻨﺎﺷـﺊ ﺑﻀﻌﻒ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻛﻮﻛـﺐ ا ﺸـﱰي وﺑ ﻌـﺪه ﻋـﻦ ﻧﺠﻤﻪ ا ﻀﻴﻒ ﻛ ﺒﻌﺪ ﻧﺒﺘﻮن ﻋﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ . ﻟﻘﺪ ﻟﻮﺣﻆ أﻧﻪ ﻳ ﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻪ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻘـﺮص اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻲ اﻷوﱄ ﻟﻴﻨﻤﻮ إﱃ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﻣﻜﺘﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ . ر ﻟﻘﺪ ﺻﺪت أﻗﺮاص ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻴﺔ أوﻟﻴﺔ ﺣﻮل ﻧﺠﻮم ﻓﺘﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى وﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﻣﺎ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ أﻧﻤﺎﻃـﺎً ﻣﻌﻘـﺪة ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت واﻟﻔﺠﻮات واﻟﻠﻮاﻟﺐ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳـﻮﻓﺮ رؤ ى ﺣﺎﺳﻤﺔ ﺣﻮل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ وﻓﻬ ـﻢ ﺗﻄـﻮر أﻧﻈﻤ ـﺔ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم واﻟﻜﻮاﻛ ـﺐ ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ - ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 5