Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2025 ARABIC VERSION

GeminiNorthobservescom et3I/ATLAS by NOIRLab JosieFenske sing the Gemini North tele- scope in Hawai’i, a team of astronomersledbyKarenMeech(Instit uteforAstronomy/Uni- versityofHawai’i)hascapturedan imageofcomet3I/ATLAS,aninter- stellarobjectthatwasfirstdetected on 1 July 2025 by ATLAS (Asteroid Terrestrial-impactLastAlertSystem). Gemini North is one half of the In- ternationalGeminiObservatory, partly funded by the U.S. National ScienceFoundationandoperated by NSF NOIRLab. The incredible sen- sitivityofGeminiNorth’sMulti-Ob- jectSpectrograph(GMOS-N)reveals thecomet’scompactcoma—a cloudofgasanddustsurrounding itsicynucleus. Interstellar objects are objects that originate outside of, and are ob- served passing through, our Solar System. Ranging from tens of me- ters to a few kilometers in size, these objects are pieces of cosmic debris leftover from the formation of their host star’s planetary sys- tems.Astheseremnantsorbittheir star, the gravity of nearby larger planetsandpassingnearbystarscan launchthemoutoftheirhomesys- tems and into interstellar space, where they can cross paths with other solar systems. “The sensitivity and scheduling agility of the International Gemini Observatory has provided critical early characterization of this inter- stellarwanderer,” saysMartinStill, NSF program director for the Inter- national Gemini Observatory. “We look forward to a bounty of new data and insights as this object warmsitselfonsunlightbeforecon- tinuing its cold, dark journey be- tween the stars.” These visitors from faraway regions of the cosmos are valuable objectstostudysincetheyofferatangibl e SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER2025 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 12 ﺗﻠﺴ ﻮبﺟ ﻤ ﻧﻮر ﻳﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻤﺬﻧﺐ 3I / ﻃﻠﺲأ : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺟﻮزي ﻓ ﺴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﺘ ﻧﻮرﻻب ﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨــﻲ ﻧــﻮرث ﰲ ﻫﺎواي، اﻟﺘﻘﻂ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﺑﻘﻴﺎدة ﻛﺎرﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺘﺶ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﺑ ﺠﺎﻣﻌـﺔ ( ﻫﺎواي ﺻـﻮرةً ﻟﻠﻤـﺬﻧﺐ 3I / أﻃﻠـﺲ وﻫـﻮ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺑ ﻧﺠﻤﻲ اﻛﺘُﺸﻒ ﻷ ول ﻣـﺮة ﺑﺘـﺎرﻳﺦ 01 ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ 2025 ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻧﻈﺎم أﻃﻠﺲ ﻧﻈﺎم ) اﻹﻧﺬار اﻷﺧ ﻻﺻﻄﺪام اﻟﻜﻮﻳﻜﺒﺎت ﺑﺎﻷرض .( ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨـﻲ ﻧـﻮرث ﺟـﺰء ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨـﻲ اﻟـﺪوﱄ ا ﻤـﻮل ﻣـﻦ ﻗِﺒـﻞ ا ﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴـﺔ واﻟـﺬي ﻳ ﺪﻳﺮه ﻣﺨﺘﱪ ﻧﻮوﻳﺮﻻب . ﺗﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ا ﺬﻫﻠﺔ ﻄﻴﺎف اﻷﺟﺴـ ﺎم ا ﺘﻌﺪدة ) GMOS-N ﰲ ( ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨـﻲ ﻧﻮرث ﻋﻦ ذؤاﺑﺔ ا ﺬﻧﺐ ا ﻌﻘﺪة وﻫﻲ ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﺗ ﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﻨﻮاة ا ﺬﻧﺐ . اﻷﺟﺮام اﻟﺒﻴﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﻫ ﻲ أﺟﺮام ﺗﻨﺸـﺄ ﺧـﺎرج ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨـﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﴘ وﺗُﺮﺻﺪ أﺛﻨﺎء ﻣﺮورﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ . ﺗﱰاوح أﺣﺠﺎم ﻫﺬه اﻷﺟـﺮام ﺑـ ﻋـ ـ ﴩات اﻷﻣﺘﺎر وﺑﻀﻌﺔ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﱰات وﻫﻲ ﻋﺒـﺎ رة ﻋـﻦ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻄﺎم اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻲ ا ﺘﺒﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﺠﻤﻬـﺎ ا ﻀـﻴﻒ ﻴﻨﻤـﺎ وﺑ ﺗﺪور ﻫﺬه اﻷﺟﺮام ﺣﻮل ﻧﺠﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﺈن ﺟﺎذﺑﻴـﺔ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ اﻷﻛـﱪ اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒـﺔ واﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ا ـﺎرة اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺪﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺧ ﺎرج أﻧﻈﻤﺘﻬﺎ إﱃ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﺒ ﺠﻤﻲ ﻧ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﺴﺎراﺗﻬﺎ ﻣـﻊ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺷﻤﺴﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى . ﻳﻘ ﻮل ﻣﺎرﺗﻦ ﺳﺘﻴﻞ ﻣﺪ ﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﻧـﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺆﺳﺴـﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨـﻲ اﻟـﺪوﱄ : " ﻟﻘﺪ وﻓﺮت ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﺟﻴ ﻤﻴﻨﻲ اﻟﺪوﱄ وﻣﺮوﻧﺔ ﺟﺪوﻟﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔ ﺎً اً ﻣﺒﻜﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ا ﺘﺠﻮل ﺑ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم . ﻧﺘﻄﻠـﻊ إﱃ وﻓﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت واﻟﺮؤى اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﻣﻊ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺣﺮارة ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ أﺷﻌﺔ ا ﻟﺸـﻤﺲ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﻣﻮاﺻﻠﺘﻪ اﻟﺒﺎردة وا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﺑ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم إن ". ﻫﺬة اﻷﺟﺮام اﻟﺴﻤﺎوﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﺎدﻣ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﻌﻴﺪة ﻣﻦ ا ﻟﻜﻮن ﺛﻤﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳﺔ ﻘـﺪم ﺗ ﺎﻷﻧﻬ اﺗﺼﺎﻻً ﻣﻠﻤﻮﺳﺎً ﺑﺄﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻧﺠﻤﻴﺔ أﺧﺮ . ى ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺟﺮام ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻌﻨـﺎﴏ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة ﻋﱪ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨـﺎ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ا ﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة وﻣﺘـﻰ وأﻳـﻦ ﺗﺸﻜﻠﺖ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻨﺢ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﻧﻈـﺮة ﻋـﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻜـﻮﻳﻦ اﻷﻧﻈﻤـﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠ ﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة ﻋﱪ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻣﺠﺮ ﺗﻨﺎ وﻳﺸـﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﺘﻲ اﻧﻘﺮﺿ ﺖ ﻣﻨﺬ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺤ . ﻣﻦ. ذ ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ - ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 5