Free Astronomy Magazine September-October 2025 ARABIC VERSION

the ‘double-detonation’ mechanism does indeed occur in nature.” The team were able to detect these cal- cium layers (in blue in the image) in thesupernovaremnantSNR0509- 67.5 by observing it with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) on ESO’s VLT. This provides strong evidence that a Type Ia supernova can occur before its parent white dwarf reaches a critical mass. Type Ia supernovae are key to our understandingoftheUniverse.They behaveinveryconsistentways,and their predictable brightness — no matter how far away they are — helps astronomers to measure dis- tancesinspace.Usingthemasacos- mic measuring tape, astronomers discoveredtheacceleratingexpan- sionoftheUniverse,adiscoverythat wonthePhysicsNobelPrizein2011. Studyinghowtheyexplodehelpsus tounderstandwhytheyhavesucha predictable brightness. Das also has another motivation to study these explosions. “This tangi- ble evidence of a double-detonation not only contributes towards solving a long-standing mystery, but also offers a visual spectacle,” he says, describing the “beautifully layered structure” that a supernova creates. For him, “revealing the inner work- ings of such a spectacular cosmic ex- plosionisincrediblyrewarding.”     SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER2025 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 11 ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﺗﻮز ﻊ اﻟ ﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮم ﻓﻲ ﻘﺎ ﺎ اﻟﻤﺴـﺘﻌﺮ اﻷﻋﻈـﻢ SNR0509-67.5 اﻟﺘ . ﻘﻄـﺖ اﻟﺒ ﺎﻧـﺎت ﺎﺳـــﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﻬــــﺎزاﻟﻤﺴﺘﻜﺸــــﻒ اﻟﻄ ﻔــــﻲﻣﺘﻌــــﺪد اﻟﻮﺣـــﺪات ) MUSE ( ﻓــــﻲ اﻟﺘﻠﺴــــ ﻮب اﻟ ﻜﺒــــ ﺟــــﺪاً ) VLT ( اﻟﺘــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻـــﺪ اﻷوروﺑـــﻲ اﻟـــ ـ . ﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ـــﺔ ﻗﺸـــ ـــﺎت اﻟﻤ اﻛ ﺗُﺤــﺪد اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨ ﻣﺘﺤــﺪﺗﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛـــﺰ ﻣـــﻦ اﻟ ﺎﻟﺴـــﻴﻮم ﺮ ﻗ واﻟﻠﺘ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻮت اﻟﻨ ﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺌﺎت اﻟﺴﻨ ﺬﻓﺘﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻧﻔﺠﺎر ﻦ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠ . [ESO/P. Das et al.] ﺗﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ رﺻﺪ ﻃﺒﻘـﺎت اﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴـﻴﻮم ﺑ) ﻫﺬه ﺎﻷزرق ﰲ اﻟﺼﻮرة ( ﰲ ﺑﻘﺎﻳـﺎ ا ﺴـﺘﻌﺮ اﻷﻋﻈﻢ SNR0509-67.5 ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل رﺻـﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺴﺘﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﻄﻴﻒﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻟﻮﺣﺪات (MUSE) ﻋﲆ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﺟﺪًا اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷورو ﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ . ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻫـﺬا دﻟـﻴﻼً ﺎً ﻗﻮﻳ ﻋﲆ أن ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮ اﻷﻋﻈﻢ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨـﻮع Ia ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺤﺪث ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﻳﺼﻞ اﻟﻘ ﺰم ا ﻷﺑـﻴﺾ اﻷم إﱃ ﻛﺘﻠــﺔ ﺣﺮﺟــﺔ ﺗ. ﻌﺘــﱪ ا ﺴــﺘﻌﺮات اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع Ia أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﻬﻤﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﻜﻮن ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﺘﴫف ﺑﻄﺮق ﻣﺘﺴﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ وﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺳﻄﻮﻋﻬﺎ ا ﺘﻮﻗﻊ - ﺑﻐﺾ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ - ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻋﲆ ﻗﻴﺎس ا ﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﰲ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء . ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺨ ﺪام ﴍﻳ ـﻂ ﻗﻴــﺎس ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳـﻜﻮب ﻣﺎﺳـﺎﻛﻮس اﻛﺘﺸـﻒ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ اﻟﺘﻤـﺪد ـــــ ا ﺘﺴﺎرع ﻟﻠﻜﻮن وﻫﻮ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻓـﺎز ﺑﺠـﺎﺋﺰة ﻧﻮﺑﻞ ﰲ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء ﻋﺎم 2011 . ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ دراﺳﺔ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻧﻔﺠﺎرﻫﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺳـﺒﺐ ﺳـﻄﻮﻋﻬﺎ ا ﺘﻮﻗﻊ . ﻟﺪى داس أﻳﻀ ﺎً داﻓﻊ آﺧـﺮ ﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ ﻫـﺬه اﻻﻧﻔﺠـﺎرات . ﻳﻘـﻮل واﺻـﻔًﺎ " اﻟﺒﻨﻴـﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﻴـﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻴﻠـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻳ ﻨﺸـﺌﻬﺎ ا ﺴـﺘﻌﺮ اﻷﻋﻈﻢ " :" إن اﻟﺪﻟﻴ ﻞ ا ﻠﻤـﻮس ﻋـﲆ اﻧﻔﺠـﺎر ﻣﺰدوج ﻻ ﻳﺴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺣـﻞ ﻟﻐـﺰٍ ﻃﻮﻳـﻞ اﻷﻣـﺪ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ﺑﻞ ﻳﻘﺪم أﻳﻀ ﺎً اً ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ". ﺎً راﺋﻌ ﺎً ﺑﴫﻳ وﻳﺮى أن " اﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻵﻟﻴﺎت اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺜـﻞ ﻫـﺬا اﻻﻧﻔﺠـﺎر اﻟﻜـﻮﻧﻲ ا ـﺬﻫﻞ أﻣـﺮ ﻣُﺠـﺰٍ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ " ، ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻤﻖ ﻓﻬﻤﻨـﺎ ﻟﺘﻄـﻮر اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم وﺗﺄﺛ ﻫﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻜﻮن وﻳﻘﺪم رؤى ﻓﺮﻳﺪة ﺣﻮل اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺎت اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ واﻗﻌﻨـﺎ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻲ وﻳﻔﺘﺢ آﻓﺎﻗًﺎ ﻟﻸﺑﺤﺎث ا ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ . ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ - ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2 0 2 5