Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2026 ARABIC VERSION

9 he Sombrero galaxy (Messier 104) is a galactic masterpiece thatcaptivatesscientistsand astronomyenthusiastsalike.Itsintri- cate system of globular star clusters lendsinsightintostellarpopulations, and astronomers are intrigued bythe supermassive black hole at its center.Itsdistinctivevisualfeatures and relative brightness make it a fa- voriteamongamateurastronomers. Thefascinatingstoryofitsdiscovery, involving three esteemed astron- omers, has earned it a spot on oneof the most important lists of deep skyobjects.Today,itstandsasoneof the most iconic galaxies in the night sky. Messier 104 resides approxi- mately 30 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Virgo. It spans an impressive 50,000 light- yearsacross,andisamongthe brightest galaxies in the Virgo con- stellation. Despite its grandeur, it appears relatively dim in the night sky — just below the threshold of naked-eyevisibility,thoughitcanbe observed with a small telescope or binoculars. This image was captured with the 570-megapixel Department of En- ergy-fabricatedDarkEnergyCamera (DECam) mounted on the U.S. Na- tionalScienceFoundationVíctorM. Blanco 4-meter Telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) in Chile, a Program of NSF NOIRLab. The incredible resolution of DECam reveals the Sombrero Galaxy’s strik- ing features. At its core is an in- tensely bright nucleus, which is surrounded by a swarm of around 2000 globular star clusters. A thin, dark band of cold dust and hydro- gen gas traces the perimeter of the disk,wheremostofthegalaxy’sstar formation takes place. The moniker “Sombrero Galaxy” comes from its striking resemblance to a sombrero, with its pronounced central bulge anddarkdusttrailthatresemblethe lofty crown and expansive brim of the traditional Mexican hat. Also visible in this image is the galaxy’senormousglowinghalo, JULY-AUGUST2026 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ﺗﻌـﺪ ﻣﺠﺮة ﺳﻮﻣﱪﻳﺮو أو اﻟﻘﺒﻌﺔ ا ﻜﺴـﻴﻜﻴﺔ ا ﻌﺮوﻓﺔ أﻳﻀﺎً ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻣﺴﻴﻴﻪ 104 واﺣﺪة ﻣـﻦ أروع ا ﺠﺮات وأﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﺟﺬﺑﺎً ﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء وﻫﻮاة اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻋـﲆ ﺣـﺪ ﺳـﻮاء . ﻓـﺈﱃ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ ـ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ اﻟ ﺒﴫي اﻟﻼﻓـﺖ ﺗـﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺘﻬـﺎ ا ﻌﻘﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﻗﻴﺪ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴـﺔ اﻟﻜﺮوﻳـ ﺔ رؤى ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟ ﺘﺠﻤﻌـﺎت اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴـﺔ ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻳﺜـ اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ﻓﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻫﺎ اﻫﺘﻤﺎم اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋﻘﻮد وﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﻣﻈﻬﺮﻫﺎ ا ﻤﻴـﺰ وﺳﻄﻮﻋﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﺴـﺒﻲ، أﺻـﺒﺤﺖ ﻫـﺬه ا ﺠـﺮة وﺳﻄﻮﻋﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻫﺬه ا ﺠﺮة ﻫﺪﻓ ﺎً ﻣﻔﻀـﻼً ﻟﻠﺮﺻـﺪ واﻟﺘﺼـﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﻔﻠﻜـﻲ ﺑﻴﻨﻤـﺎ ﻣﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻬﺎ ا ﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺜﻼﺛـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﻛﺒﺎر ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎرزة ﺿﻤﻦ أﺷـﻬﺮ أﺟﺮام اﻟﺴﻤﺎء اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ . واﻟﻴﻮم ﺗ ﺼﻨﻒ ﻣﺠﺮة اﻟﻘﺒﻌﺔ ا ﻜﺴﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻛﻮاﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ ا ﺠـﺮات ﺷﻬﺮة ﰲ ﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻠﻴﻞ . ﺗﻘﻊ ﻣﺠﺮة ﻣﺴﻴﻴﻪ 104 ﻋﲆ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻳﻘﺎرب 3 ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻷرض ﰲ اﺗﺠﺎه ﻛﻮﻛﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﺬراء وﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎ ﻧﺤﻮ ٥٠ أﻟﻒ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ، ﻣﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ أ ﻊ ﻧﺤﻮ 50 أﻟﻒ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮ ﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ أ ﻊ ا ﺠﺮات ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﺔ . وﻋـﲆ اﻟـﺮﻏﻢ ﻣـﻦ ﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ وﺳﻄﻮﻋﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﺒـ ﻳﻦ ﻓﺈﻧﻬـﺎ ﺗﻈﻬـﺮ ﺧﺎﻓﺘﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎً ﰲ ﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﻊ أﺳﻔﻞ ﺑﻘ ﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪ اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌ ا ﺠـﺮدة إﻻ أﻧـﻪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ رﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺻﻐ أو ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﻤﻨﻈﺎر ﺟﻴﺪ . اﻟﺘﻘﻄﺖ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة ﺑﻮا ﺳﻄﺔ ﻛﺎﻣ ا اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ ) دي ﻛـﺎم ( ذات اﻟﺪﻗـﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐـﺔ 570 ﻣﻴﻐﺎﺑﻜﺴﻞ وا ﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻋـﲆ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﻓﻴﻜﺘـﻮر ﺑﻼﻧﻜﻮ اﻟﺒﻠﻎ ﻗﻄـﺮه أرﺑﻌـﺔ أﻣﺘـﺎر ﰲ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ ﺳ و ﺗﻮﻟﻮﻟﻮ ﰲ ﺗﺸﻴﲇ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺨﺘﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠـﻮم . وﻗﺪ ﻛﺸﻔﺖ اﻟﺪﻗﺔ اﻻﺳـﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻜـﺎﻣ ا دي ) ( مﻛﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﺬﻫﻠﺔ داﺧﻞ ا ﺠﺮة . ﻓﻔﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻫﺎ ﺗ ﻈﻬﺮ ﻧﻮاة ﺷـﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺴـﻄﻮع ﺗﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺗﻀﻢ ﻧﺤـﻮ 2000 ﻋﻨﻘﻮد ﻧﺠﻤﻲ ﻛﺮوي . ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﺘﺪ ﴍﻳﻂ رﻗﻴـﻖ وﻣﻈﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر اﻟﺒﺎرد وﻏـﺎز اﻟﻬﻴـﺪ روﺟ ﻋﲆ ﻃﻮل ﺣﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻘﺮص ا ﺠﺮي وﻫﻲ ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺤـﺪث ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﻣﻌﻈـﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎت ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم دا . ﺧﻞ ا ﺠﺮة وﺟﺎءت ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺠﺮة » اﻟﻘﺒﻌﺔ ا ﻜﺴﻴﻜﻴﺔ « ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ اﻟﻮاﺿـﺢ ﺑــ ﺷـﻜﻠﻬﺎ وﻣﻈﻬــﺮ اﻟﻘﺒﻌـﺔ ا ﻜﺴـﻴﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ اﻻﻧﺘﻔﺎخ ا ﺮﻛﺰي اﻟﺒﺎرز ﺗﺎج اﻟﻘﺒﻌﺔ ا ﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻤـﺎ ﻳﺤـﺎﻛﻲ اﻟﴩـﻳﻂ اﻟﻐﺒﺎري اﻟﺪاﻛﻦ ﺣﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﺮﻳﻀﺔ . وﺗُﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺼﻮرة أﻳﻀﺎً اﻟﻬﺎﻟﺔ ا ﺠﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ ا ﺘﻮﻫﺠﺔ ا ﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﺎ ﺠﺮة واﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺒـﺪو أﻧﻬـﺎ ﺗﻤﺘﺪ إﱃ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﺿﻌﺎف ﻋﺮض ا ﺠﺮة - ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 6 ﺗﻌﺘــــ ﻣﺠـــــﺮة ﻣ ﺴـــــﻴ ﮫ 104 ـــــﺔ ﻤﺠـــــﺮة اﻟﻤﻠﻘ ﺳﻮﻣ ﺮو أو اﻟﻘ ﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺴ ﻜ ﺔ ﺎً ﺋﻌﺷﺎ ﺎً ﻫﺪﻓ ــــﺔ ــــﺔ ﻟﻠﻬـــﻮاة واﻟﺒﺤــــﻮث اﻟﻔﻠﻜ ـــﺔ اﻟﻔﻠﻜ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗ . ﺗﻈﻬـــــــﺮﻫﺎﻟﺘﻬـــــــﺎ اﻟﻤﻤﺘـــــــﺪة اﻟﻤﻤـــــــ ة وﻗﺮﺻـــــــﻬﺎ ـــﺎر ﻓـــﻲﻫـــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼـــﻮرة اﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻄـــﺔ اﻟﻤﻠــﻲء ﺎﻟﻐ ـــﺎﻣ ا اﻟﻄﺎﻗـــﺔ اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤـــﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳـــﻄﺔ ) ـــﺎم د ( ــــــ اﻟﻤﺼــــــﻨﻌﺔ ﻣــــــﻦ ﻗﺒــــــﻞ وزارة اﻟﻄﺎﻗــــــﺔ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻜ ﺔ واﻟﻤﺜ ﺘــﺔ ﻋﻠـــﻰ ﺗﻠﺴـــ ﻮب ﻓ ﻜﺘــﻮر ـــﻮ اﻟﺘـــﺎﺑﻊ ﻼﻧ ﻟ ــــﺔ ﻟﻠﻌ ﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴـــﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨ ــــﺔ ﻠـــﻮم اﻷﻣﺮ ﻜ وﻫــــﻮ ﺗﻠﺴــــــ ﻮب ﻗﻄـــــــﺮﻩ 4 أﻣﺘـــــــﺎرﻓــــــﻲﻣﺮﺻـــــــﺪ ﺳـــــــ و ﺗﻮﻟﻮﻟﻮ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺸ ﻠﻲ وﻫﻮ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻤﺨﺘ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب . [CTIO/NOIRLab/DOE/NSF/AURA. Image Processing: T.A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage/NSF NOIRLab), D. de Martin & M. Zamani (NSF NOIRLab)]