Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2026 ARABIC VERSION

damageiftheyimpact, yet scientists estimate that only about 40% of these mid-sized NEOs havebeenidentifiedso far. Once operating fully in survey mode, Rubin is expected to reveal an additionalnearly90,000 new NEOs, some of which may be poten- tiallyhazardous,andto nearlydoublethenum- ber of known NEOs larger than 140 meters to around 70%. By en- abling early detection and continuous moni- toringoftheseobjects, Rubin will be a power- ful tool for planetary defense. The dataset also contains roughly 380trans-Neptunianobjects(TNOs) — icy bodies orbiting beyond Nep- tune. Two of the newly discovered TNOs — provisionally named 2025 LS 2 and 2025 MX 348 — have been foundtobeonextremelylargeand elongated,orstretchedout,orbits. At their most distant points, these two objects reach roughly 1,000 times farther away from the Sun than the Earth is, placing them among the 30 most distant minor planets known. The discoveries were enabled by Rubin Observatory’s unique combi- nation of a large mirror, the world’s most powerful astronomical digital camera, and highly sophisticated, software-driven pipelines designedto detect faint, fast-moving objects against a crowded sky. Rubin can survey the southern sky at roughlysix times the sensitivity of most cur- rentasteroidsearches,allowingitto detect smaller and more distant ob- jects than ever before. These capa- bilities will allow Rubin to build the mostdetailedcensusofourSolar Systemever,andallofthediscover- ieswillhelpscientistsworkoutthe story of the Solar System’s history. “Rubin’suniqueobservingcadence requiredawholenewsoftwarear- chitecture for asteroiddiscovery,” saysAriHeinze,UniversityofWash- ington, who, together with Jacob Kurlander,agraduatestudentatthe University of Washington, built the software that detected them. “We builtit,anditworks.Evenwithjust early, engineering-quality data, Rubindiscovered11,000asteroids and measured more precise orbits fortensofthousandsmore.Itseems prettyclearthisobservatorywillrev- olutionizeourknowledgeoftheas- teroid belt.” Particularly striking is the rapid growthoftheTNOpopulation.The 380candidatesdiscoveredbyRubin in less than two months add to the 5,000discoveredoverthepastthree decades.Aswithlessdistantaster- oids, finding the TNOs depended criticallyondevelopingnewsophis- ticated algorithms. “SearchingforaTNOislikesearch- ing for a needle in a field of haystacks— out of millions of flickering sources in the sky, teaching a computer to sift through billions of combinations and i- dentifythosethatare likely to be distant worlds in our Solar Systemrequirednovel algorithmicapproach- es,” says Matthew Holman, a Senior As- trophysicist at the Center for Astro- physics|Harvard& Smithsonian and for- mer Director of the Minor Planet Center, whospearheadedthe workontheTNOdis- coverypipeline. “Objectslikethese offer a tantalizing probe of the Solar System’s outermost reaches, from telling us how the planets movedearlyonintheSolarSystem’s history,towhetherahithertoundis- covered9 th largeplanetmaystillbe outthere,” saysKevinNapier,are- search scientist at the Harvard- SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics who, with Holman, developed the algorithms to detect distant Solar System objects with Rubin data. The MPC’s verification of this large group of discoveries enables the en- tire global community to access the data, refine orbits, and begin analy- sis immediately. And these ~11,000 asteroidsarejustthestart.Oncethe decade-long Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) begins later this year, scientists expect Rubin to dis- cover this many asteroids every two to three nights during the earlyyears of the survey. This will ulti- mately triple the number of known asteroids and increase the numberofknownTNOsbynearlyanorder ofmagnitude.     JULY-AUGUST2026 https://noirlab.edu/public/videos/noirlab2608a/ 50 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ - ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 6 ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺸــﺎف أﺟــﺮام أﺻ ـﻐﺮ وأﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ أي وﻗﺖ ﻣـ . ﴣـ وأﺷــﺎر آري ﻫ ـﺎﻳﻨﺰه ﻣــﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌــﺔ واﺷــﻨﻄﻦ إﱃ أن ﻧﻤﻂ اﻟﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﺳــﺘﺪﻋﻰ ﺗﻄــﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﻨﻴــﺔ ﺑﺮﻣﺠﻴـﺔ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪة ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣــﻞ ﻻﻛﺘﺸـــﺎف اﻟﻜﻮﻳﻜﺒ ــﺎت . وأﺿـﺎف أن اﻟﻨﻈـﺎم اﻟـﺬي ﻃﻮر ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎون ﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﺎﺣـﺚ ﺟ ـﺎﻛﻮب ﻛﻮرﻻﻧــﺪر أﺛﺒــﺖ ﻧﺠﺎﺣﻪ ﻣﻨﺬ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳـﺔ ﺣﻴـﺚ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف 11 أﻟﻒ ﻛﻮﻳﻜـﺐ وﺗﺤﺪﻳـﺪ ﻣـﺪارات أﻛﺜ ﺮ دﻗﺔ ﻟﻌـ ـ ﴩات اﻵﻻف ﻣ ــﻦ اﻷﺟـــﺮام اﻷﺧـــﺮى ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﻜﺮة ﻓﻘﻂ . وﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻼﻓﺘﺔ أﻳﻀًﺎ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﴪـﻳﻊ ﰲ ﻋﺪد اﻷﺟ ﺮام اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮة ﺪار ﺪار ﻧﺒﺘﻮن إذ أﺿﺎف ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻧﺒﺘﻮن إذ أﺿﺎف ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ روﺑـ 380 ﺟﺮﻣـﺎً ﺎً ﻣﺮﺷﺤ اً ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺧﻼل أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﻨﺤـﻮ 5000 ﺟـﺮم ﻓﻘـﻂ اﻛﺘ ﺸـﻔﺖ ﺧـﻼل اﻟﻌﻘﻮد اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ا ﺎﺿـﻴﺔ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌـﺔ . وأوﺿـﺢ ﻣﺎﺛﻴﻮ ﻫﻮ ﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌــﺔ ﻫﺎرﻓــﺎردو ﻣﺆﺳﺴــﺔ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﺜﺴﻮﻧﻴﺎن و ا ﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﺼﻐ ة، واﻟﺬي ﻗـﺎد اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ ﻋـﲆ اﻛﺘﺸـﺎف اﻷﺟﺮام اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮة ﻟﻨﺒﺘﻮن " : إن اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺮم ﻋﺎﺑﺮ ﻟﻨﺒﺘﻮن ﻳﺸﺒﻪ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ إﺑـﺮة ﰲ ﺣﻘـﻞ ﻣﻦ أﻛﻮام اﻟﻘﺶ ﻣـﻦ ﺑـ ﻣﻼ ﻳـ ا ﺼـﺎدر ا ﺘﻸﻟﺌﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺴـﻤﺎء ﻳﺘﻄﻠـﺐ اﻷﻣـﺮ ﺣﺎﺳـﻮﺑﺎً ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺎً ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﺑ ﻣﻠﻴﺎرات ﻣـﻦ اﻟﱰ ﻛﻴﺒـﺎت وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻳﺤﺘﻤـﻞ أن ﺗﻜـﻮن ﻋـﻮاﻟﻢ ﺑﻌﻴﺪة ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸ ـ ﻤﴘ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻄﻠـﺐ ذﻟـﻚ ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺧﻮارزﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﺘﻜﺮة ". ﻳﻘﻮل ﻛﻴﻔﻦ ﻧﺎﺑﻴ اﻟﺒﺎﺣـﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﻲ ﺑ ﻤﺮﻛـﺰ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌـﺔ ﻫﺎرﻓـﺎرد و ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﺜﺴﻮﻧﻴﺎن واﻟـﺬي ﻃـﻮر ﻣـﻊ ﻫﻮ ﺎن ﺧﻮارزﻣﻴﺎت رﺻﺪ اﻷﺟﺴﺎم اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة ﰲ اﻟﻨﻈ ﺎم اﻟﺸﻤﴘ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت روﺑـ : " ﺗﻘـﺪم ﻟﻨـﺎ أﺟﺴـﺎم ﻛﻬـﺬه ﻓﺮﺻـﺔ ﻣﺜـ ة ﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف أﻗﴡ أﻃﺮاف اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺸـ ﻤﴘ ـ ﺑﺪءًا ﻣﻦ إﺧﺒﺎرﻧﺎ ﺑﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺤـﺮك اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ ﰲ ا ﺮاﺣﻞ ا ﺒﻜﺮة ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻨﻈـﺎم اﻟﺸﻤﴘـ، ا ﺮاﺣﻞ ا ﺒﻜﺮة ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟـ ﺸﻤﴘـ وﺻﻮﻻً إﱃ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ إ ذا ﻛـﺎن ﻫﻨـﺎك ﻛﻮﻛـﺐ ﺗﺎﺳﻊ ﻛﺒ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ ." ﺗﺠﺪر اﻹﺷـﺎرة إﱃ أن ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ ﻫـﺬه اﻷﺟـﺮام اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة ﻻ ﻳﻘﺘﴫﻋﲆ اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻷوﱄ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﺑـﻞ ﻳﻤﺘـﺪ إﱃ ﻣ ﺮﺣﻠـﺔ دﻗﻴﻘـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺗﺤﺴـ ا ﺪارات اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻋﱪ دﻣـﺞ ﻣﺌـﺎت اﻷرﺻـﺎد ا ﺘﻔ ﺮﻗﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻤﺎذج ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻗـﺔ ﻣـﺎ ﻳﺴــﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﻘﻠﻴــﻞ ﻋــﺪم اﻟﻴﻘــ ﰲ ا ﻮاﻗــﻊ ا ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻷﺟﺮام ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒ . ﻛﻤﺎ أن اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﺧﻮارزﻣﻴﺎت ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ ﻛﻤﻴﺎت ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ ﻣﻜّـﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﺘﻤﻴﻴـﺰ ﺑـ اﻷﺟﺴـﺎم اﻷﺟـﺮام اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﻮﻫﻤﻴـﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠـﺔ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎء أو اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻼت اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺼﻮر . وﻗﺪ ﺳﺎﻫﻢ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ رﻓﻊ ﻣﻮﺛﻮﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﻟﻮﺟﺎت اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻏ ﻣﺴﺒﻮق . وأﻛﺪ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن أن إﺗﺎﺣﺔ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﻋـﱪ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ اﻟﺼﻐ ة اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻼﺗﺤﺎد اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻲ اﻟﺪوﱄ ﺳـﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ اﻟﻌﺎ ﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﻔﻮري إﱃ اﻟﻨ ﺘﺎﺋﺞ، وإﻋـﺎدة ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬـﺎ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﻞ وإدﺧﺎﻟﻬـﺎ ﰲ دراﺳـﺎت دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴ ـﺔ اﻟﻨﻈــﺎم اﻟﺸﻤﴘ وﻧﻤﺎذج ﺗﻄﻮر ﻣﺪاراﺗﻪ ﻟ . ﻘـﺪ ﻣﻜّـﻦ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ اﻟﺬي أﺟﺮاه ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺤﻮﺳﺒﺔ ا ﺘﻌـﺪدة ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه ا ﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻜﺒ ة ﻣـﻦ اﻻﻛﺘﺸـﺎﻓﺎت ا ﺠﺘﻤـﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﻲ اﻟﻌـﺎ ﻲ ﻣـ ﻦ اﻟﻮﺻـﻮل إﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه ا ﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻜﺒ ة ﻣﻦ اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎ ت ا ﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﻲ اﻟﻌــﺎ ﻲ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﻮﺻــﻮل إﱃ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت وﺗﺤﺴــ ا ـﺪارات وﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻔﻮر . وﻳ ﻌﺪ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺘـﺪﻓﻖ اﻟـ ﴪﻳﻊ ـ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺧﻄـﻮة ﻣﺤﻮرﻳـﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ اﻟﺼـﻐ إذ ة ﻳﺴــﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﺒــﺎﺣﺜ ﺑــﺪﻣﺞ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳــﺎت اﻟ ﺠﺪﻳــﺪة ﻣــﻊ أرﺷﻴﻔﺎت رﺻﺪ ﺗﻤﺘﺪ ﻟﻌﻘﻮد ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆدي إﱃ إﻋﺎدة ﺑﻨﺎء أﻛﺜﺮ دﻗـﺔ ﻟ ﻠﺘـﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟـﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻟﺤـﺰام اﻟﻜﻮﻳﻜﺒﺎت . ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻳﺘـﻴﺢ ذﻟـﻚ ﺗﺤﺴ ﻧﻤﺎذج اﻻﺻـﻄﺪاﻣﺎت ا ﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ وﺗﻄﻮر ا ﺪارات ﻋـﲆ ا ﺪى اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ وﻫﻮ أﻣـﺮ ﺑـﺎﻟﻎ اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺸــ ـ ﻤﴘ اﻟــﺪاﺧﲇ وﻣــﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴـﺔ ﻓـﺈن ﺣﺠـﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻜﺒـ اﻟﻨـﺎﺗﺞ ﻋـﻦ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ روﺑـ ﻳﺘﻄﻠـﺐ ﺑﻨـﻰ ا ﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻜﺒ اﻟﻨـﺎﺗﺞ ﻋـﻦ ﻣﺮﺻ ﺪ روﺑـ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﻨﻰ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴـﺔ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣـﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﻤـﺪ ﻋـﲆ اﻟﺤ ﻮﺳﺒﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻷداء واﻟـﺬﻛﺎء اﻻﺻـﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻣـﻦ أﺟــﻞ ﻓــﺮز اﻷﺟﺴــﺎم اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴ ـﺔ ﻣــﻦ اﻹﺷﺎرات اﻟﺰاﺋﻔﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﺘﺸـﻮﻳﺶ أو اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻀـﻮء أو اﻟﻌﻴـﻮب اﻟﺒـ ـ ﴫﻳﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺼﻮر . ﻛﻤﺎ أن اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﲆ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚ ا ـﺪارات ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺷﺒﻪ ﻓـﻮري ﺗﻌﻨـﻲ أن اﻷﺟـﺮام اﻟ ﺘـﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺼﻨﻒ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎً " ﺿﻤﻦ ﻓﺌـﺔ ا ﻔﻘـﻮدة " ﻳﻤ ﻜﻦ إﻋﺎدة اﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻬﺎ ورﺑ ﻄﻬـﺎ ﺑﻤﺴـﺎراﺗﻬﺎ اﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ أﻛﱪ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺠﻮات ﰲ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﻟﻮﺟــﺎت اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴــﺔ اﻟﻌﺎ ﻴــﺔ ان . ﻫــﺬه اﻟﻜﻮﻳﻜﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺪدﻫﺎ ﺣـﻮاﱄ 11 اﻟـﻒ ﻛﻮﻳﻜﺐ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺳﻮى اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ ﻓﺒﻤﺠﺮد أن ﻳﺒـﺪأ ا ﺴﺢ ا ﺘﻮارث ﻃﻮﻳﻞ اﻻﻣﺪ ﻟﻠﻔﻀﺎء واﻟـﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن ﰲ وﻗﺖ ﻻﺣـﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌـﺎم ﻳﺘﻮﻗـﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء أن ﻳﻜﺘﺸـﻒ روﺑ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻮﻳﻜﺒﺎت ﻛﻞ ﻟﻴﻠﺘ إﱃ ﺛﻼث ﻟﻴﺎ لٍ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺴﻨﻮات اﻷوﱃ ﻣﻦ ا ﺴﺢ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻴﻐ ﻓﻬﻤﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺸﻤﴘ . ﺳﻴﺆدي ﻫﺬا ﰲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳـﺔ ا ﻄـﺎف إﱃ ﻣﻀـﺎﻋﻔﺔ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻜﻮﻳﻜﺒﺎت ا ﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﺛﻼث ﻣﺮات وزﻳـﺎدة ﻋﺪد اﻷﺟﺮام اﻟﻌـﺎﺑﺮة ﻟﻨﺒﺘـﻮن ا ﻌﺮوﻓـﺔ ﺑﻤـﺎ ﻳﻘﺎرب ﻋﴩة أﺿﻌﺎف . ﻈﻬـﺮ ـﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓــﺔ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺮﺳــﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤـﺮك اﻟﻨﻈـﺎم اﻟﺸﻤﺴـﻲ اﻟــﺪاﺧﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﻠـﻲء ﺎﻟ ﻮ ﻜ ﺎﻟﻠﻮن اﻷزرق اﻟﻔﺎﺗﺢ اﻷزرق اﻟﻤﺨﻀﺮ اﻛﺘﺸﻔﻬﺎ روﺑ ﺎﻟﻠﻮن اﻷزرق اﻟﺪاﻛﻦ واﻟ ﻮ ﻜ ﺎت اﻟ . [NSF–DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory/NOIRLab/SLAC/AURA/R. Proctor. Star map: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific VisualizationStudio. Gaia DR2: ESA/Gaia/DPAC. Image Processing: M. Zamani (NSF NOIRLab)]