Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2026 ARABIC VERSION

Themorem m a a s s s s i i v v e e s s t t a a r r clusters s emergemore quickly byNASA/ESA/CSA BethanyDowner stronomershavelongknown that understanding how star clusters come to be is key to unlocking other secrets of galactic evolution.Starsforminclusters,cre- atedwhencloudsofgascollapse undergravity.Asmoreandmore starsareborninacollapsingcloud, strongstellarwinds,harshultravio- letradiationandthesupernovaex- plosionsofmassivestarseventually dispersethecloud,endingstarfor- mationbeforeallthegasisusedup. Oncethecloudofgasastarcluster was born in is gone, its light can beardownonotherstar-formingre- gionsinthegalaxy,too.Thisprocess is called stellar feedback, and it meansthatmostofthegasina galaxy never gets used for star for- mation. Researching how star clus- ters develop, then, can answer questionsaboutstarformationata galactic scale. Studies of the closest star-forming regions, in the Milky Way galaxy and the dwarf galaxies that orbit it,allowustodissectstarclustersinthe smallest details, but our position in the disc of our galaxy means only a few such regions are visible to us. JULY-AUGUST2026 اﻟﻌﻨﺎﻗ ﺪ اﻟﻨ ﻤ ﺔ اﻷﺿ ﻢ ﺗﺨﺮجﻣﻦﺳ ﺳﺮع أ ﻬﺎ ﺒﺤ - ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 6 : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺑ ﺜﺎﻧﻲداوﻧﺮ و ﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ / و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑ ﺔ و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﻜﻨﺪ ﺔ ﻟﻄﺎﻟﻤـﺎ ﻋﺮف اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﻮن أن ﻓﻬﻢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻧﺸﻮء اﻟﻌﻨﺎﻗﻴﺪ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﻳُﻌﺪ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺣًﺎ ﻟﻜﺸـﻒ أﴎار أﺧﺮى ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺘﻄﻮ ر ا ﺠﺮات . ﺗﺘﻜﻮّن اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم داﺧﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﻗﻴﺪ ﻧﺠﻤﻴـﺔ، ﺗﻨﺸـﺄ ﻋﻨـﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﻬـﺎر ﺳﺤﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛ اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴـﺔ . وﻣـﻊ وﻻدة ا ﺰﻳﺪ وا ﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم داﺧﻞ اﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ ا ﻨﻬ ـﺎرة، ﻓ ـﺈن اﻟﺮﻳ ـﺎح اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴ ـﺔ اﻟﻘﻮﻳ ـﺔ، وﻻدة ا ﺰﻳﺪ وا ﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم داﺧﻞ اﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ ا ﻨﻬﺎرة ﻓﺈن اﻟﺮﻳﺎح اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﻮﻳﺔ واﻹﺷﻌﺎع ﻓــﻮق اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴــﺠﻲ اﻟﺸــﺪﻳﺪ واﻧﻔﺠــﺎرات ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮات اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ ﺗـﺆدي ﰲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ إﱃ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﻗـﻒ ﺗ ﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﻳ ﺴـﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﻛـﻞ اﻟﻐـﺎز . وﺑﻤﺠﺮد أن ﺗﺨﺘﻔﻲ ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﺘـﻲ وُﻟـﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﻨﻘﻮد اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻀﻮﺋﻪ أن ﻳـﺆﺛﺮ أﻳﻀ ﺎً ﰲ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ أﺧـﺮى ﻣـﻦ ا ﺠـﺮة ﺗُﻜـﻮّن اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺗ. ﻌﺮف ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳـﻢ اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳـﺔ اﻟﺮاﺟﻌــﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴــﺔ ) Stellar Feedback (، اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺮاﺟﻌﺔ وﻫﻲ ﺗﻌ ﻨﻲ أن ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻐﺎز ﰲ ا ﺠﺮة ﻻ ﻳ ﺴﺘﺨﺪم أﺻﻼً ﻟﺘﻜـﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮ . م ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓـﺈن دراﺳـﺔ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺗﻄـﻮر اﻟﻌﻨﺎﻗﻴـﺪ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺠﻴﺐ ﻋـﻦ أﺳـﺌﻠﺔ ﺗﺘﻌﻠـﻖ ﺑﺘﻜﻮّن اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻋـﲆ ﻧﻄـﺎق ﻣﺠـﺮي ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ . ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻨﺎ دراﺳﺔ أﻗﺮب ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﻜﻮّن اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﰲ ﻣﺠــﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧ ـﺔ وا ﺠ ـﺮات اﻟﻘﺰﻣــﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺘﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﺑﻨﻴـﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﻗﻴـﺪ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴـﺔ ﺑﺄدق اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ، ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻨـﺎ داﺧـﻞ ﻗـ ﺮص ا ﺠﺮة ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻧﺮى ﻋﺪد اً اً ﻣﺤﺪود ﻓﻘـﻂ ﻣـﻦ ﻫﺬه ا ﻨـﺎﻃﻖ . وﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼل رﺻـﺪ ا ﺠـﺮات