Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2026 ARABIC VERSION

21 But astronomers like to expect the unexpected,sotheytookadvantage of a lucky “natural experiment” to look for an atmosphere around a TNOknownas(612533)2002XV 93 . This object, abbreviated as 2002 XV 93 , has a diameter of approxi- mately500km.Forreference,Pluto’s diameter is 2,377 km. The orbit of 2002 XV 93 is such that,asseenfromJapan,itpasseddirect ly in front of a star on January 10, 2024. As the star disappears behind 2002 XV 93 , it might gradually fade, indicating that the light is being at- tenuated as it passes through a thin atmosphere; or it might suddenly winkoutasitslipsbehindthesolid surfaceoftheTNO. Ateamofprofessionalandamateur astronomers,ledbyKoArimatsuat NAOJIshigakijimaAstronomicalOb- servatory,observedthestaras2002 XV 93 passedinfrontofitfrommulti- plesitesinJapan.Theobtaineddata are consistent with attenuation by anatmosphere. Calculations show that the atmos- pherefoundaround2002XV 93 isex- pected to last less than 1000 years unless it is replenished. So it must havebeencreatedorreplenishedre- cently. Observations by the James WebbSpaceTelescopeshownosigns of frozen gases on the surface of 2002 XV 93 that might sublimate to formanatmosphere.Onepossibility isthatsomeeventbroughtfrozenor liquid gases from deep inside the TNOtothesurface.Anotherpossibil- ityisthatacometcrashedinto2002 XV 93 , releasing gas that formed a temporaryatmosphere.Furtherob- servationsareneededtodistinguish betweenthesetwoscenarios.     JULY-AUGUST2026 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 21 - ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 6 ا ﺘﻮﻗـﻊ ﻓﺎﺳـﺘﻐﻠﻮا ﻇـﺎ ﻫﺮة ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴــﺔ ﻏـ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻏﻼف ﺟﻮي ﺣـﻮل ﺟـﺮم ﻳُﻌﺮف ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ) 612533 ( XV 93 2002 . ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠﺮم واﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﺮف اﺧﺘﺼـﺎراً XV 93 2002 ﺣﻮاﱄ 500 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﱰ وﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎرﻧـﺔ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﻠﻮﺗﻮ 2377 . اً ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﱰ ﻳﺪور اﻟﺠﺮم XV 93 2002 ﰲ ﻣﺪارٍ ﻳﺴـﻤﺢ ﻟـﻪ ﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳ ى ﻣﻦ اﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎن ﺑـﺎ ﺮور ﻣﺒـ ﺎﴍة أﻣـﺎم ﻧﺠﻢٍ ﰲ 10 ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ 2024 وﻣﻊ اﺧﺘﻔـﺎء اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﺠﺮم ﺧﻠﻒ XV 93 2002 ﻗﺪ ﻳﺨﻔـﺖ ﺿـﻮءه ﺗﺪرﻳﺠﻴ ﺎً ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺸـ إﱃ أن اﻟﻀـﻮء ﻳﺘﻀـﺎء ل أﺛﻨﺎء ﻣﺮوره ﻋﱪ ﻏـﻼف ﺟـﻮي رﻗﻴـﻖ أو ﻗـﺪ ﻳﻨﻄﻔﺊ ﻓﺠﺄةً ﻋﻨﺪ اﻧﺰﻻﻗﻪ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟ ﺠﺮم اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮ ﻟﻨﺒﺘﻮن . ﻗﺎم ﻓﺮﻳﻖٌ ﻣـﻦ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـ ﻚ ا ﺤﱰﻓـ واﻟﻬـﻮاة ﺑﻘﻴـﺎ دة ﻛـﻮ أرﻳﻤﺎﺗﺴــﻮ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ إﻳﺸﻴﻐﺎﻛﻴﺠﻴﻤﺎ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ إﻳﺸـﻴﻐﺎﻛﻴﺠﻴﻤﺎ اﻟﻔﻠﻜــﻲ اﻟﺘــﺎﺑ ﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻔﻠﻜـﻲ اﻟـﻮﻃﻨﻲ اﻟﻴﺎﺑـﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺻـﺪ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ أﺛﻨﺎء ﻣﺮور اﻟﺠﺮم XV 93 2002 أ ﻣﺎﻣـﻪ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻮاﻗ ـﻊ ﻣﺘﻌ ـﺪدة ﰲ اﻟﻴﺎﺑ ـﺎن وﺗﺘﻮاﻓ ـﻖ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻀﺎؤل ﺑﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي . وﺗﺸــ ا ﻟﺤﺴـﺎﺑ ﺎت إﱃ أن اﻟﻐ ـﻼف اﻟﺠ ـﻮي ا ﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮم XV 93 2002 ا ﻣـﻦ ﺘﻮﻗـﻊ أن ﻳﺪوم ﻷﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ١٠٠٠ ﻋﺎم ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺠﺪﻳـﺪه . ﻳﺪوم ﻷﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ 1000 ﻋﺎم ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺠﺪﻳـﺪه ﻻ ﺑ ﻟﺬا ﺪ أﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ أو ﺗﻢ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪه ﻣﺆﺧﺮ ﻟﻢ اً ﺗُﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺮ ﺻﺪ اﻟﺘﻲ أﺟﺮاﻫﺎ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﺲ وﻳﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ أي دﻻﺋﻞ واﺿﺤﺔ ﻋﲆ وﺟﻮد ﻏﺎزات ﻣﺘﺠﻤـﺪة ﻋـﲆ ﺳـﻄﺢ اﻟﺠـﺮم XV 93 2002 واﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﺴﺎﻣﻰ ﻟﺘُﺸﻜّﻞ ﻏﻼﻓ ﺎً ﻞ ﻳﺠﻌ ﻣﺎ ﺟﻮﻳﺎً ﻣﺼﺪ ر ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻐـﻼف اﻟﺠـﻮي ﻟﻐﺰاً ﻣﺤ اً إذ ﻻ ﻳﺒـﺪو أن ﻣﺨﺰوﻧـﺎً ﺳـﻄﺤﻴﺎً ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺎً ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ اﻟﻐﺎزات ا ﻔﻘﻮدة . أﺣﺪ اﻻ ﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻت ﻫﻮ أن ﺣﺪﺛ ﺎً ﻣﺎ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻏﺎزات ﻣﺘﺠﻤﺪة أو ﺳﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ أﻋﻤﺎق ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠـﺮم إﱃ . ﺳﻄﺤﻪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل آﺧﺮ ﻫﻮ أن ﻣﺬﻧﺒ ﺎُ اﺻـﻄﺪم ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮم XV 93 2002 ﻄﻠﻘﺎً ﻣ ﻏـﺎزات ﺷـﻜّﻠﺖ ﻏﻼﻓًﺎ ﺟﻮﻳ ﺎً . ﺎً ﻣﺆﻗﺘ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻠﺰم ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎرﻳﻮﻫﺎت . ﻣﻘﺎر ـــــــﺔ أﺣﺠـــــــﺎم اﻟــــــــﺠﺮم XV 93 2002 ) اﻟـــــــﺬ ﺻﻮّرﻩ ﺗﻠﺴ ﻮبﻫﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ اﻟو( ﻮﻛـﺐ اﻟﻘـﺰم ﻠﻮﺗـﻮ و ) ﻓ ﺴـﺘﺎ وﻫــﻮ ﻮ ﻜـﺐ ﻏــ ﻣﻨـﺘﻈﻢ اﻟﺸــ ﻞ وﺧــــــﺎﻟﻲ ﻣــــــﻦ اﻟﻐــــــﻼف اﻟــــــ ـ (. ﺠﻮي ﻈﻬــــــﺮاﻟﻐــــــﻼف ــﻞ ﻣــﻦ ــﻮي ﻟ ا XV 93 2002 و ﻠﻮﺗــﻮ ﻋﻠــﻰﺷــ ﻞ ﺗﻮﻫﺞ أزرق ﻣﻊ ﺗﻀﺨ ﻢ اﻟﺴﻄﻮع ﻟﺰﺎدة وﺿﻮﺣﮫ . [NASA/HST/Keith S. Noll]