Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2026 ARABIC VERSION

P 12 ASTROPUBLISHING Webb redefines the boundary between planets and stars byNASA/ESA/CSA LauraBetz,ChristinePulliam lanets, like those in our solar system, form in a bottom-up processwheresmallbitsof rock and ice clump together and grow larger over time. But the heftiertheplanet,theharderitisto explain its formation that way. Astronomers used NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope to examine29 Cygni b, an object about 15 times as massive as Jupiter orbiting a nearby star. They found multiple lines of evidence that 29 Cygni b in- deed formed from this bottom-up process, bringing new insights into howtheheftiestplanetscometobe. A paper describing these findings publishedin The Astrophysical Jour- nal Letters. The planet formation process is broadlyunderstoodtooccurwithin gigantic disks of gas and dust aroundstarsthroughaprocess JULY-AUGUST2026 » ﺟ ﻤﺲو ﺐ « ﻌ ﺪ ﺗﻌﺮ ﻒ اﻟ ﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟـﺤﺪود ﺑ : ﻘﻠﻢ ﻟﻮرا ﺑ و ﺑﻮﻟ ﺎم ﻛﺮﺴﺘ و ﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ / و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑ ﺔ / و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﻜﻨﺪ ﺔ ﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﺑﺄن اﻟﻜﻮ اﻛـﺐ ﻣﺜـ ﻞ ﺗﻠـﻚ ا ﻮﺟﻮدة ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸ ﻤﴘـ ﺗﺘﺸـﻜﻞ ﻋـﱪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗُﻌﺮف ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ » ﺗﺼﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ « ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺻـﻐ ة ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺼـﺨﻮر واﻟﺠﻠﻴـﺪ ﻣﻌـﺎً وﺗﺰداد ﺣﺠﻤﺎً ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮور ا . ﻮﻗـﺖ ﻟ ﻟﻜـﻦ ﻛﻠﻤـﺎ ازداد ﺣﺠـﻢ اﻟﻜﻮﻛـﺐ أﺻـﺒﺢ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺼـﻌﺐ ﺗﻔﺴ ﺗﻜﻮّﻧﻪ ﺑﻬﺬه اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ . اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﺲ وﻳﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟ ﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺠـﺮم Cygni b 29 وﻫﻮ ﺟﺮم ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻪ ﻧﺤـﻮ 15 ﻣﺮة ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ا ﺸﱰي وﻳﺪور ﺣـﻮل ﻧﺠـﻢ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ووﺟﺪوا ﻋـﺪة أدﻟـﺔ ﺗﺸـ إﱃ أن ﻫـﺬ ا اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺗﻜﻮّن ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻋﱪ آﻟ ﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺎﻋﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﺳﻔﻞ إﱃ اﻷﻋﲆ ﺎ ﻳﻘﺪ ﻣﻤ م رؤى ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﺣﻮل ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ أﺿﺨﻢ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ وﻗـﺪ ﻧُﴩـت ورﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﺼـﻒ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺋﺞ ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠـﺔ رﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ . ﺗ ﻔﻬﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻜﻮّن اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم ﻋﲆ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺪث داﺧﻞ أﻗﺮاص ﻫﺎﺋﻠـﺔ ﻣـ ﻦ اﻟﻐـﺎز ــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ اﻟ ﻮﻛﺐ ـاﻟ ﺨﺎرﺟﻲ 29 Cygni b ﻤﺎ ﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻲﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺼـﻤ ﻢ اﻟﺘﺨ ﻠـﻲﻫـﻮ ﺟـﺮم ﻋﻤـﻼق ﻏـﺎزي ﻳـﺰن ﺣـﻮاﻟﻲ 15 ﺿـﻌﻒﻛﺘﻠـﺔ ﻮﻛـﺐ اﻟﻤﺸـ ي . درسﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ اﻟ ﻮﻛـﺐ 29 Cygni b ﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴـ ﻮ ــﺐ بﺟـ ﻤﺲو اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳﺎ وﺧﻠﺼﻮا إﻟﻰ أﻧﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺢ أن ﻳ ﻮن ﻗﺪ ﺗﺸ ﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ا ﻢ ﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ ﺗﻔﺘﺖ اﻟﻘﺮص . [NASA, ESA, CSA, Joseph Olmsted (STScI)] - ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 6 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 12