Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2025 ARABIC VERSION

ergy-fabricatedDarkEnergyCamera (DECam), mounted on the U.S. Na- tionalScienceFoundation(NSF)Víc- torM.Blanco4-meterTelescopeat CerroTololoInter-AmericanObser- vatory(CTIO)inChile,aProgramof NSFNOIRLab.Bytakingdataon758 nightsacrosssixyears,DESscientists mapped an area almost one- eighth of the entire sky. The projectemploysmultipleob- servational techniques, in- cluding supernova measure- ments, galaxy clustering analysis, and weak gravita- tional lensing, to study dark energy. TwokeyDESmeasurements — Baryon Acoustic Oscilla- tions (BAO) and distance measurementsofexplodingst ars(TypeIasupernovae)— tracktheUniverse’sexpan- sionhistory.BAOreferstoa standardcosmicrulerform- ed by sound waves in the early Universe, with peaks spanningapproximately500 million light-years. Astronomers can measure these peaks across several periodsofcosmichistoryto see how dark energy has stretched the scale over time. SantiagoAvilafromtheCen- treforEnergy,Environmen- tal and Technological Research (CIEMAT)inSpain,whowasrespon- sible for the BAO analysis in DES, says, “By analyzing 16 million galax- ies, DES found that the measured BAO scale is actually 4% smaller than predicted by ΛCDM.” Type Ia supernovae serve as ‘stan- dardcandles’,meaningtheyhavea highly accurate measurements of cosmicdistances.Thesenewfindings fromthecombinedsupernovaeand BAO data independently confirm the anomalies seen in the 2024 su- pernova data. By integrating DES measurements withcosmicmicrowavebackground data,researchersinferredtheprop- ertiesofdarkenergy—andthere- sults suggest a time-evolving nature. If validated, this would imply that darkenergy,thecosmologicalcon- stant,isnotconstantafterall,buta dynamic phenomenon requiring a new theoretical framework. “Thisresultisintriguingbecauseit hintsatphysicsbeyondthestandard modelofcosmology,” saysJuan Mena-Fernández of the Subatomic Physics and Cosmology Laboratory inGrenoble,France. “Iffurtherdata support these findings, we may be on the brink of a scientific revolution.” Although the current re- sultsarenotyetdefini- tive,upcominganalyses incorporatingadditional DESprobes—suchas galaxy clustering and weaklensing—could strengthen the evidence. Similar trends have emerged from other major cosmological proj- ects,includingtheDark EnergySpectroscopicIn- strument(DESI),raising anticipationwithinthe scientific community. “Theseresultsrepresent yearsofcollaborativeef- forttoextractcosmologi- calinsightsfromDES data,” saysJessieMuirof theUniversityofCincin- nati. “Thereisstillmuch tolearn,anditwillbeex- citingtoseehowourun- derstandingevolvesas newmeasurementsbe- comeavailable.” The final DES analysis, expected laterthisyear,willincorporateaddi- tionalcosmologicalprobestocross- checkfindingsandrefineconstraints ondarkenergy.Thescientificcom- munityeagerlyawaitstheseresults, astheycouldpavethewayforapar- adigmshiftincosmology.     JULY-AUGUST2025 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 45 ــﺎﻣ ا اﻟﻄﺎﻗــﺔ اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤــﺔ ) ــﺎم د ( ــﻮ ﻣﺜ ﺘــﺔ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺗﻠﺴــ ﻮب ﻓ ﻜﺘــﻮر ﻼﻧ ــــــــــــــﺎﻟﻎ ﻗﻄــــــــــــــﺮﻩ اﻟ 4 أﻣﺘــــــــــــــﺎرﻓــــــــــــــﻲﻣﺮﺻــــــــــــــﺪ ﺳــــــــــــــ وﺗﻮﻟﻮ اﻷﻣــــــــــــــﺮ ﻜ ﺘ ﺑــــــــــــــ ( أو. آي. ﺗـﻲ.ﺳـﻲ) ﻓــﻲﺷـﻤﺎل وﺳـﻂ ﺗﺸــ ﻠﻲ . ـﺪأ ﻨـﺎء اﻟﺘﻠﺴــ ﻮب ﻓـﻲﻋــﺎم 1969 ﺼــــﺐ اﻟﻤــــﺮآة اﻷﺳﺎﺳــــ ﺔ . ﺗــــﻢ اﻻﻧﺘﻬــــﺎء ﻣــــﻦ اﻟﺘ ﻤﻴــــﻊ ﻋﻠــــﻰﻗﻤــــﺔ ﺟﺒــــﻞ ﺳ وﺗﻮﻟﻮ ﻓﻲ ﻋـﺎم 1974 . ﻋﻨـﺪ اﻛﺘﻤـﺎل اﻟ ﻨـﺎء أﺻـﺒﺢ ﺛﺎﻟـﺚ أﻛـ ﺗﻠﺴـ ﻮب ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻌــﺎﻟﻢ ﻌـــﺪ ﺗﻠﺴــ ﻮبﻫﻴـــﻞ 200 ـــﺎ ﺑﻮﺻــﺔ ﻓـــﻲﻣﺮﺻــﺪ ﺎﻟﻮﻣـــﺎرﻓــﻲ ﺎﻟ ﻔﻮر و BTA-6 ﻓـﻲﺟﻨــﻮب روﺳـ ﺎ ـﺎن اﻷﻛـ ﻓــﻲ اﻟﻜـﺮة اﻟــ و ـ ) ﺠﻨﻮﺑ ﺔ اﻟﻠﻘـﺐ اﻟـﺬ ــــﮫ ﻟﻤــــﺪة اﺣــــﺘﻔﻆ 22 ﺖﺗﻤــــ (. ﺎ ﻋﺎﻣــــ ﺗﺴــــﻤ ﺘﮫ ﻻ ﺣﻘــــ ﺎ ﻓــــﻲﻋــــﺎم 1995 ﺗﻜﺮ ﻤــــ ﺎً ﻟﻔ ﻜﺘﻮر ﻼﻧ ﻮ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ اﻟﺒﻮرﻮر ﻜﻲواﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﺴـﺎﺑﻖ ﻟ ﻤﺮﺻـﺪ ﺳـ وﺗﻮﻟﻮ وﻻ ﺗﺰال ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄة ﺗﻌﻠﺐ دوراً ﻣﺤﻮر ﺎ ﻓﻲ أﺑﺤﺎث اﻟ ﻮن اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻖ . اﻟﺼـــﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴـــﺎ ﻘﺔ : ﺗﻠﺴــــ ﻮب ﻓ ﻜﺘـــﻮ ر ـــﻮ ﻼﻧ ﻘﻄــــﺮ 4 أﻣﺘـــﺎر ــــﺔ ـــﺔ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻜ اﻟﺘـــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴــــﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺻ ﺪ ﺳ وﺗﻮﻟﻮ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻜ ﺘ ﺑ ( أو. آي. ﺗﻲ.ﺳﻲ) ﻓﻲ ﺗﺸ ﻠﻲوﻫﻮ ﺑﺮﺎﻣﺞ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻤﺨﺘ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب . ﻀﻢ ﻼﻧ ﻮ ﺎﻣ ا اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤﺔ ) ﺎم د ( ﺪﻗﺔ 570 ﺻـﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﻮاﺳـﻄﺔ ﻣﻴﺠﺎ ﻜﺴﻞ واﻟ ﺗﺠﺮي ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤﺔ وزارة اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻜ ﺔ واﻟ وﻓﻬﻢ ﻨ ﺔ اﻟ ﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎق واﺳﻊ . وا ﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻋﲆ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻓﻴﻜﺘﻮر ﺑﻼﻧﻜﻮ اﻟﺒـﺎﻟﻎ ه ﻗﻄﺮ 4 أﻣﺘـﺎر اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴـﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﺳ وﺗﻮﻟﻮﻟﻮ ﺑـ اﻻﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺘ ﰲ ﺗﺸـﻴﲇ وﻫـﻮ ﺑﺮﻧـﺎﻣﺞ ﺗـﺎﺑﻊ ﺨﺘﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب وﻣ ﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت 758 ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻣـﺪار ﺳـﺖ ﺳـﻨﻮات رﺳـﻢ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء ﻣﴩوع ﻣﺴﺢ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا اس. اي.دي) ﻈﻠﻤـﺔ ( ــ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔً ﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗُﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮب ﻣــﻦ ﺛُﻤــﻦ اﻟﺴــﻤﺎء ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻬــﺎ . ﻳ ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ا ﴩوع ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت رﺻـﺪ ﻣﺘﻌـﺪدة ﺑﻤـﺎ ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ ﻗﻴﺎﺳـﺎت ا ﺴ ـﺘﻌﺮات اﻟﻌﻈﻤ ـﻰ وﺗﺤﻠﻴ ـﻞ ﺗﺠﻤﻌــﺎت ا ﺠــﺮات وﻋﺪﺳــﺔ اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴــﺔ اﻟﻀــﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﺪراﺳــﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ . ﻳﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎن رﺋﻴﺴـﻴﺎن ﻣﺴـﺢ اﻟﻄﺎﻗـــﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤ ــﺔ ﺗﺬﺑ ــﺬ ﺑﺎت اﻟﺒـﺎرﻳﻮن اﻟﺼــﻮﺗﻴﺔ وﻗﻴﺎﺳـﺎت ﻣﺴ ــﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻨﺠ ــﻮم ا ﺘﻔﺠ ــﺮة ) ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮات اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨـﻮع اﻷول ( ﺗــﺎرﻳﺦ ﺗﻮﺳــﻊ اﻟﻜــﻮن . ﺗﺸ ﺗﺬﺑﺬﺑﺎت اﻟﺒﺎرﻳﻮن اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ إﱃ ﻣﺠﻬﺮ ﻛﻮﻧﻲ ﻗﻴـﺎﳼﺷـﻜ ﻠﺘﻪ ا ﻮﺟــﺎت اﻟﺼــﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺑــﺪاﻳﺎت اﻟﻜﻮن ﻣﻊ ﻗﻤﻢ ﺗﻤﺘﺪ ﻟﺤﻮاﱄ 500 ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ . ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻗﻴﺎس ﻫـ ﺬه اﻟﻘﻤﻢ ﻋﱪ ﻋﺪة ﻓﱰات ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻜﻮن ﻌﺮﻓـﺔ ﻛﻴـﻒ ﺳـﺎﻫﻤﺖ اﻟﻄﺎﻗــﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤــﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻮﺳــﻴﻊ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق ﺑﻤﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ . ﻳﻘﻮل ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﺎﻏﻮ أﻓﻴﻼ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ اﻟﺒﺎردة ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮات اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨـﻮع Ia ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑ ـﺔ " ﺷ ـﻤﻮع ﻗﻴﺎﺳ ـﻴﺔ " أي أن ﻟﻬ ـﺎ ﺎً ﺳﻄﻮﻋ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺎً . ﻣﻌﺮوﻓًﺎ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن ﺳﻄﻮﻋﻬﺎ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮي ﺑﺎﻹﺿـﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ا ﻌ ﻠﻮﻣـﺎت ا ﺘﻌﻠﻘـﺔ ﺑﻤﺠﺮاﺗﻬﺎ ا ﻀﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻣﻦ إﺟـﺮاء ﺣﺴـ ﺎﺑﺎت دﻗﻴﻘـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴـﺎﻓﺔ . ﰲ ﻋـﺎم 2024 ﻧﴩت ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﺴﺢ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤـ ﺔ ا ﻷﻛﺜـﺮ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـﺎﻧﺘﻴﺎﻏﻮ أﻓـﻴﻼ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ أ ﺑﺤـﺎث اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ واﻟﺒﻴﺌـﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟـﻮﺟﻲ ﰲ إﺳـﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ وا ﺴـﺆول ﻋـﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ ﻣﻘﻴـﺎس ﺗﺬﺑــﺬﺑﺎت اﻟﺒﺎرﻳﻮن اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﴩو ع ﻣﺴﺢ اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ 16 ﻣﻠﻴـﻮن ﻣﺠـﺮة ا وﺟﺪ ا أن ﴩوع ﻘﻴﺎس أﺻﻐﺮ ﺑﻨﺴـﺒﺔ 4 % ﻣﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﻗﻌ ". ﻪ ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻻﻣﺒﺪا ﻟﻠﻤـﺎدة ا ﻈﻠﻤـﺔ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮات اﻷﻋﻈﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﺎم ٢٠٢٤ . ﺷﻤﻮﻻً وﺗﻔﺼﻴﻼً ﻋﻦ ا ﺴـﺘﻌﺮات اﻷﻋﻈﻤﻴـﺔ ﺣﺘـﻰ اﻵن ﻣـﻮﻓﺮةً ﻗﻴﺎﺳـﺎت ﻋﺎﻟﻴ ـﺔ اﻟﺪﻗ ـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴـﺎﻓﺎت اﻟ . ﻜﻮﻧﻴـﺔ ﺗﺆﻛـﺪ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻨﺘ ـﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ا ﺴـﺘﻤﺪة ﻣـﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ا ﺴـﺘﻌﺮات اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ وﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺗﺬﺑﺬﺑﺎت اﻟﺒﺎرﻳﻮن اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ ا ُﺪﻣﺠﺔ، ﺑﺸﻜﻞٍ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ اﻟﺸﺬوذات ا ﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮات اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﺎم ﻟﻌ 2024 . ﺑﺪﻣﺞ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎت ﻣﺴﺢ اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤـﺔ ﻣـﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ا ﻮﺟـﺎت ا ﻴﻜﺮوﻳـﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴـﺔ اﺳﺘﻨﺘ ﺞ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤـﺔ وﺗﺸ ا ﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ إﱃ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﻮرة ﻣﻊ اﻟﺰﻣ ﻦ إذا ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ذﻟـﻚ ﻓـﺈن ﻫـﺬا ﻳﻌﻨـﻲ أن اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻈﻠ ﻤﺔ وﻫﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻜـﻮﻧﻲ ﻟﻴﺴـﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮة دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ إﻃـﺎر اً ﻧﻈﺮﻳـ . اً ﺪﻳـﺪ ﺟ ﺎً ﻳﻘـﻮل ﺧـﻮان ﻣﻴﻨـﺎ ﻓﺮﻧﺎﻧﺪﻳﺰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺨﺘـﱪ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء دون اﻟﺬرﻳـﺔ وﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺎت ﰲ ﻏﺮوﻧﻮﺑﻞ، ﻓﺮﻧﺴـﺎ " : ﻫـﺬه اﻟ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻣﺜ ة ﻟﻼﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗُﻠﻤ ﺢ إﱃ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎء ﺗﺘﺠﺎوز اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻟﻘﻴﺎﳼ ﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴـﺎت . إذا ـــــــ ﻌﲆ أﻋﺘﺎب ﺛﻮرة ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ". إ ذا دﻋﻤﺖ ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت أﺧـﺮى ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻧﻜ ﻮن ﻋـﲆ أﻋﺘـﺎب ﺛﻮرة ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ." ﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺴـــﺖ ﻗﺎﻃﻌـــﺔ ﺑﻌـــﺪ إﻻ أن اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻼت اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻣﺠﺴﺎت ﻣﺴﺢ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤـﺔ إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﺜـﻞ ﺗﺠﻤ ﻴـﻊ ا ﺠـﺮات واﻟﻌﺪﺳﺎت اﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻗـﺪ ﺗُﻌـﺰز اﻷدﻟـﺔ وﻗـﺪ ﻇﻬــﺮت اﺗﺠﺎﻫـﺎت ﻣﻤﺎ ﺛﻠـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺸـﺎرﻳﻊ ﻛﻮﻧﻴــﺔ رﺋﻴﺴــﻴﺔ أﺧــﺮى ﺑﻤــﺎ ﰲ ذﻟــﻚ ﻣﻄﻴﺎف اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤ ﺔ ا ﺘﻄﻮر ﻣﻤــﺎ زاد ﻣــﻦ اﻟﱰﻗــﺐ داﺧــﻞ ا ﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ . ﺗﻘﻮل ﺟﻴﴘ ﻣﻮﻳﺮ ﻣـﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﺔ : " ﺳﻴﻨﺴﻴﻨﺎﺗﻲ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺳـﻨﻮات ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺠﻬــﺪ اﻟﺘﻌـﺎ وﻧﻲ ﻻﺳــﺘﺨﻼص رؤى ﻛﻮﻧﻴــﺔ ﻣــﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎ ت ﻣﴩوع ﻣﺴـﺢ اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ " ﻻ ﻳـﺰال ﻫﻨـﺎك اﻟﻜﺜـ ﻟﻨﺘﻌﻠﻤﻪ وﺳﻴﻜﻮن ﻣـﻦ ا ﻬـﻢ أن ﻧﺮى ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻄﻮر ﻓﻬﻤﻨـﺎ وذﻟـﻚ ﻣــﻊ ﺗـﻮﻓﺮ ﻗﻴﺎﺳـﺎت ﺟﺪﻳـﺪة ." ﺳﻴﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ DES اﻟﻨﻬـﺎﺋﻲ، ﺳﻴﺘﻀـﻤﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ ﻣﺴـﺢ اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤـﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ا ﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺎً ﺻـﺪوره ﻻﺣﻘـ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻌـﺎم ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺒﺎر ﻛﻮﻧ ﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺋﺞ وﺗﺤﺴـ اﻟﻘ ﻴـﻮد ا ﻔﺮوﺿـﺔ ﻋـﲆ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤـﺔ وﻳﻨﺘﻈـﺮ ا ﺠﺘﻤـﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﻲ ﺑﻔﺎرغ اﻟﺼﱪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺋﺞ ﻷﻧﻬـﺎ ﻗـﺪ ﺗﻤﻬـﺪ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﺘﺤﻮل ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﻲ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻜﻮن . ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ - ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 5