Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2025 ARABIC VERSION

ASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s observations of what is thought to be the first ever recorded planetary engulfment event revealed a hot ac- cretion disk surrounding the star, with an expanding cloud of cooler dust enveloping the scene. Webb also revealed that the star did not swell to swallowtheplanet,buttheplanet’sorbitactuallyslowlydecayedovertime.Thisillustrationdepictsthesequenceofeventsthattookplaceovermil- lions of years, based on observations from Webb’s MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument) and NIRSpec (NIR-Infrared Spectrograph). Panel 1: The planet was aboutJupiter-sized,andorbitedveryclosetothestar–evencloserthatMercury’sorbitaroundourSun.Panel2:Theplanet’sorbitslowlyshrank,or decayed,overtime,andtheplanetapproachedthestar.Iteventuallystartedtograzethestar’satmosphere.Astheplanetwasfallingin,itsmeared aroundthestar.Panel3:Theplanetwasengulfedbythestarcompletely,andblastedgasawayfromtheouterlayersofthestar.Panel4:Asthatgas expanded and cooled off, the heavy elements in this gas condensed into cold dust over the next year. There is a hot circumstellar disk of molecular gas closer to the star. [NASA, ESA, CSA, Ralf Crawford (STScI)] member Morgan MacLeod of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for As- trophysics and the Massachusetts In- stitute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. “The planet, as it’s falling in, started to sort of smear around the star.” In its final splashdown, the planet would have blasted gas away from theouterlayersofthestar.Asitex- pandedandcooledoff,theheavyel- ements in this gas condensed into cold dust over the next year. Whiletheresearchersdidexpect an expanding cloud of cooler dust around the star, a look with the powerfulNIRSpecrevealedahotcir- cumstellar disk of molecular gas closer in. Furthermore, Webb’s high spectral resolution was able to de- tect certain molecules in this accre- tion disk, including carbon monox- ide. “Withsuchatransformativetel- escopelikeWebb,itwashardforme ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ to have any expectations of what we’d find in the immediate sur- roundings of the star,” said Colette Salyk of Vassar College in Pough- keepsie, New York, an exoplanet re- searcher and co-author on the new paper. “Iwillsay,Icouldnothaveex- pected seeing what has the charac- teristics of a planet-forming region, even though planets are not form- ing here, in the aftermath of an en- gulfment.” The ability to charac- terize this gas opens more questions for researchers about what actually happened once the planet was fully swallowed by the star. “Thisistrulytheprecipiceofstudy- ingtheseevents.Thisistheonlyone we’veobservedinaction,andthisis the best detection of the aftermath after things have settled back down,” Lau said. “We hope this is just the start of our sample.” Theseobservations,takenunder ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ - gram 1240, which was specifically designed to investigate a family of mysterious,sudden,infraredbright- ening events, were among the first TargetofOpportunityprogramsper- formed by Webb. These types of studyarereservedforevents,likesu- pernova explosions, that are ex- pected to occur, but researchers don’texactlyknowwhenorwhere. NASA’sspacetelescopesarepartof a growing, international network that stands ready to witness these fleeting changes, to help us under- stand how the universe works. Researchers expect to add to their sample and identify future events likethisusingtheupcomingVeraC. Rubin Observatory and NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Tele- scope,whichwillsurveylargeareas of the sky repeatedly to look for changesovertime.      JULY-AUGUST2025 ﻛﺸـﻔﺖ ـﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻮ ﺎﻟـﺔ ﻧﺎﺳـﺎ ﻟﻤــﺎ ُ ــﺎت رﺻـﺪ ﺗﻠﺴــ ﻮبﺟـ ﻤﺲو ﻋﻤﻠ ﻣﺴــﺠ ـﻮﻛ ــﺘﻼع ﻌﺘﻘـﺪ أﻧـﮫ أول ﺣـﺪث ا ﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻹﻃـﻼق ــﺎﻟﻨ ﻢ ، ﻋـﻦ ﻗـﺮص ﺗـﺮا ﻢﺳــﺎﺧﻦ ﻳﺤـ ﻂ ﻣـﻊ ﺳــﺤﺎ ﺔ ــﺎرد ﺗﻐﻠــ ــﺎراﻟ ﻣﺘﻮﺳــﻌﺔ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﻐ . ﻒ اﻟﻤﺸــﻬﺪ ﻤــﺎ ﻛﺸــﻒ ﺗﻠﺴــ ﻮب ـﺐ أن اﻟــﻨ ﻢ ﻟـﻢ ﻨــﺘﻔﺦ ﻻ و ــﺘﻼع اﻟ ﻮﻛـﺐ ﺑــﻞ اﻣــﺘﺺاﻟ ﻮﻛــﺐ ﺑــ ﻂء ﻣـﻊ ﻣـﺮوراﻟﻮﻗــﺖ . ﺼــﻮِ رﻫــﺬا اﻟﺮﺳــﻢ اﻟﺘﻮﺿــﻴﺤﻲ ﺗﺴﻠﺴــﻞ اﻷﺣـﺪاث اﺳــﺘﻨﺎد اﻟﺴـﻨ ﻣﻼﻳـ وﻗﻌـﺖ ﻋﻠـﻰﻣـﺪ اﻟـ ـﺎت رﺻـﺪ ﻣـﻦ ﺟﻬــﺎزاﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤــﺖ اﻟـ ا إﻟــﻰﻋﻤﻠ ـ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳـﻄﺔ ( ﻣــ ي) ـﺎف اﻷﺷــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟــ وﻣﻄ ـ ـﺔ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮ ) ﻧ ﺳــ ﻚ ( اﻟﺘــﺎ ﻌ ﻟﺘﻠﺴ ﻮب و ﺐ . اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ 1 : ﺎن اﻟ ﻮﻛﺐ ﺑﺤ ﻢ ﻮﻛﺐ اﻟﻤﺸ ي ﺗﻘﺮ ﺎً و ﺎن ﺪ ورﺣﻮل ﻧ ﻤﮫ ﻋﻠﻰﻣﻘﺮﺔ ﺷـﺪ ﺪة ﻣﻨـﮫ ﺑـﻞ أﻗـﺮ ﻣـﻦ ﻋﻄـﺎرد ﻟـﮫ ﺣـﻮل اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ . اﻟﻠﻮﺣـﺔ 2 اﻣـﺘﺺاﻟ ﻮﻛـﺐ اﻧ ﻤﺎﺷـﮫ اﻟ ﻄـﻲء أو ﺗﺤﻠـﻞ ﻣــﻊ ﻣـﺮوراﻟﻮﻗــﺖ، واﻗــ اﻟ ﻮﻛـﺐﻣــﻦ اﻟــﻨ ﻢ . ـﺔ ﻓــﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎ ــﺪأ اﻟ ﻮﻛــﺐ ﻼﻣـﺲﻏــﻼف ا ﻟــﻨ ﻢ اﻟــ ـ ــﺎن اﻟ ﻮﻛــﺐ ﺴــﻘﻂ ﺠﻮيوﺑ ﻨﻤــﺎ ﺗ ﻌــ ﺣــﻮل اﻟــﻨ ﻢ . اﻟﻠﻮﺣــﺔ 3 : ا ﺘﻠـﻊ اﻟــﻨ ﻢ اﻟ ﻮﻛــﺐ ﺗﻤﺎﻣــ ﺎً ـﺪ وﻗـﺬف اﻟﻐــﺎز ﻌ اً ﻋــﻦ ﻃ ﻘﺎﺗــﮫ اﻟــ ـ . ﺨﺎرﺟ ﺔ اﻟﻠﻮﺣــﺔ 4 ﻣــﻊ ﺗﻤــﺪد اﻟﻐــﺎزوﺑﺮودﺗــﮫ ــﺎرد ﺧــﻼل اﻟﻌــﺎم اﻟﺘــﺎﻟﻲ ــﺎر ﺗﻜﺜﻔــﺖ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻـﺮاﻟﺜﻘ ﻠــﺔ ﻓــﻲﻫــﺬا اﻟﻐــﺎزإﻟــﻰ ﻏ . ﻳﻮﺟــﺪ ﻗــﺮص ﻧ ﻤــﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎزاﻟ ـ أﻗﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨ ﻢ ﺠﺰ ﺼﺪرإﺷﻌﺎﻋﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮا ﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺘ ﻌﮫ ﺎﻃﻮال ﻣﻮﺟ ﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻤﺮاء دﻗ ﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎ ﺔ . [NASA, ESA, CSA, Ralf Crawford(STScI)] ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﻘﻮط اﻷﺧ ﻗـﺎم اﻟﻜﻮﻛـﺐ ﺑﻘﺬف اﻟﻐﺎز ﺑﻌﻴﺪ اً ﻋﻦ اﻟﻄﺒﻘـﺎت اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻢ وﻣﻊ ﺗﻤﺪده وﺑﺮودﺗﻪ ﺗﻜﺜﻔﺖ اﻟﻌﻨـﺎﴏ اﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻐﺎز إﱃ ﻏﺒﺎر ﺑﺎرد ﻋـﲆ ﻣـﺪار اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﺘﺎﱄ و ﺑﻴﻨﻤـﺎ ﺗﻮ ﻗـﻊ اﻟﺒـﺎﺣﺜﻮن وﺟـﻮد ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﺘ ﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐﺒـﺎر اﻟﺒـﺎرد ﺣـﻮل اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻓﺈن ﻧﻈﺮة ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ اﻟﻘـﻮي ﻛﺸـﻔﺖ ﻋـﻦ ﻗﺮص ﻧﺠﻤﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﻦ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐـﺎ ز اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌـﻲ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮب . ﻋﻼوة ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﻤﻜﻨﺖ اﻟﺪﻗﺔ اﻟﻄﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺮص اﻟﱰاﻛﻢ ﻫﺬا ﺑﻤـﺎ ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ أول أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن . ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﻮﻟﻴـﺖ ﺳـﺎﻟﻴﻚ ﻣـﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﺎ ﺳﺎر ﰲ ﺑﻮﻏﺴـﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﻤﺪﻳﻨـﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﻳـﻮرك وﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﺣﺜﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ اﻟ ﻨﺠﻤﻴـﺔ وﻣﺆﻟﻔـﺔ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻮرﻗﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴـﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳـﺪة " : ﻣـﻊ اﻟ ﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟ ﺘﺤﻮﻳﲇ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺟـﻴﻤﺲ وﻳﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﻋﲇ أن أﺗﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻧﺠـﺪه ﰲ ا ﻨــﺎﻃﻖ ا ﺤﻴﻄــﺔ ﻣ ﺒــﺎﴍة ﺑــﺎﻟﻨﺠﻢ ." ﺳﺄﻗﻮل " ﻟﻢ أﻛـﻦ ﻷﺗﻮﻗـﻊ رؤﻳـﺔ ﻣـﺎ ﻳﺘﻤﻴـﺰ ﺑﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ، ﻋـﲆ ﺑﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﺗ ﺸـﻜﻞ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ ﻋـﲆ ا ﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺸـﻜﻞ ﻫﻨـﺎ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺣﺪوث اﻻﺑﺘﻼع . إن اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﲆ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻐﺎز ﺗﻔﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎب أﻣـﺎم ا ﺰﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﺳـﺌﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺜ ﺣﻮل ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪث ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﻤﺠﺮد اﺑﺘ ﻼع اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ . ﻗﺎل ﻻو " : ﻫﺬه ﻫﻲ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ دراﺳﺔ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺣﺪاث و ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ اﻟﺤﺪث اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ اﻟـﺬي رﺻـﺪﻧﺎه دون أي ﺗﺪﺧﻞ وﻫﻮ أﻓﻀﻞ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻟﻠﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺗﺴﺘﻘﺮ اﻷﻣﻮر و ﻧﺄﻣﻞ أن ﺗﻜـﻮن ﻫـﺬه ﻣﺠـﺮد ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ ﻟﻌﻴﻨﺘﻨﺎ ." ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬه اﻷ رﺻـﺎد اﻟﺘـﻲ أُﺟﺮﻳـﺖ ﰲ إﻃـﺎر ﺑﺮﻧـﺎﻣﺞ ا ﺮاﻗﺒـﺔ اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴـﺔ ا ﻀـﻤﻮﻧﺔ 1240 ا ﺼﻤﻢ ﺧﺼﻴﺼ ﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻴـﻖ ﰲ ﺳﻠﺴـﻠﺔ ﻣـﻦ أﺣﺪاث اﻟﺴﻄﻮع ا ﻔﺎﺟ ﺌﺔ واﻟﻐﺎﻣﻀﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﻣـﻦ ﺑـ أول ﺑـﺮاﻣﺞ " ﻫـﺪف اﻟﻔﺮﺻـﺔ " اﻟﺘ ـﻲ ﻧﻔــﺬﻫﺎ ﺗﻠﺴــﻜﻮب . وﻳــﺐ ﺗُﺨﺼﺺ ﻫﺬه اﻷﻧﻮاع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪراﺳـﺎت ﻟﺮﺻـﺪ أﺣﺪاث ﻣﺜﻞ اﻧﻔﺠﺎرات ا ﺴـﺘﻌﺮات اﻟﻌﻈﻤـﻰ ا ﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺣﺪوﺛﻬﺎ ﻟﻜـﻦ و دون ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﺔ دﻗﻴﻘـ ﺔ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﺷـﺒﻜﺔ دوﻟﻴـﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻣﻴـﺔ، ﻣﺴـﺘﻌﺪة ﺸﺎﻫﺪة ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﻐـ ات اﻟﻌـﺎﺑﺮة، ﺴـﺎﻋﺪﺗﻨﺎ ﻮﻋﺪ أو ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺣﺪوﺛﻬﺎ ﺗ. ﺸـﻜﻞ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮﺑﺎت ﻧﺎﺳﺎ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺟﺰء اً ﺎً ﺣﻴﻮﻳ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ د وﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ا ﺮاﺻـﺪ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﻀـﻊ اﻟﻜﻮن ﺗﺤﺖ ا ﺮاﻗﺒـﺔ ا ﺴـﺘﻤﺮة ﺗو ﻌـﺪ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔﴐورﻳﺔ ﻟﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻈﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ZTF SLRN-2020 ﺗ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻘـﺪم رؤى ﺣـﻮل اﻵﻟﻴﺎت ا ﻌﻘﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﻜﻮن وﺗﻄﻮره . ﻳ ﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﻳﺴ ﻬﻢ ﻛـﻞ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ ﻓـ ا . ﳼ روﺑـ ا ﺮﺗﻘـﺐ وﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﻧـﺎﻧﺲ ﺮﻳﺲ ﻏـ روﻣـﺎن اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟــﺔ ﻧﺎﺳـﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﻧﻄﺎق ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﺗﻨﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒـ ﻣ ﻄﻠﻘـ اﻟﻌﻨﺎن ﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت ﻓﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻏ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺔ ورؤى ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻮن . ﺳﺘ ﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻫﺬه اﻷدوات ا ﺘﻄـﻮرة ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺴـﺢ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺎت ﺷﺎﺳﻌ ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﻜﺮر وﴎﻳﻊ ﺟﺪ اً واﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻐـ ات اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘـﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳ ﻌـﺰز ﻓﻬﻤﻨـﺎ ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺣﺪوث ﻫـﺬه اﻷﺣـﺪاث واﻷﺣـﺪاث ا ﺸـﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﻠﻘوﻳ ﻲ اﻟﻀﻮء ﻋﲆ اﻷﴎار اﻟﺘﻲ ﻟـﻢ ﺗُﻜ ﺘﺸـﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ودﻗﺔ ﻏ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺔ . ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ - ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 5