Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2025 ARABIC VERSION

A Hubble provides a new view of the Sombrero Galaxy by NASA/ESA Bethany Downer spartofESA/Hubble’s35 th As partofthe35thanniversary celebrationsoftheHubble SpaceTelescope,anewseriesofim- ageshasbeensharedthatrevisitpre- viously released Hubble targets. Here,werevisittheiconicSombrero Galaxy using new image processing techniques. The new image reveals finer detail in the galaxy’s disc, as well as more background stars and galaxies. Several Hubble images of the Sombrero Galaxy have been re- leasedoverthepasttwodecades,in- cluding this well-known Hubble imagefromOctober2003.InNovem- ber 2024, the NASA/ESA/CSA James WebbSpaceTelescopealsogavean entirelynewperspectiveonthisstrik- inggalaxy.Locatedaround30million light-years away in the constellation Virgo, the Sombrero Galaxy is in- stantly recognisable. Viewed nearly edgeon,thegalaxy’ssoftlyluminous bulge and sharply outlined disc re- semble the rounded crown andbroad brim of the Mexican hat from which the galaxy gets its name. Though the Sombrero Galaxy is packedwithstars,it’ssurprisinglynot ahotbedofstarformation.Lessthan one solar mass of gas is converted into stars within the knotted, dusty discofthegalaxyeachyear.Eventhe galaxy’s central supermassive black hole,whichat9billionsolarmasses is more than 2000 times more mas- sive than the Milky Way’s central black hole, is fairly calm. Thegalaxyistoofainttobespotted withunaidedvision,butitisreadily viewablewithamodestamateurtel- escope.SeenfromEarth,thegalaxy spansadistanceequivalenttorough- ly one third of the diameter of the full Moon. The galaxy’s size on the skyistoolargetofitwithinHubble’s narrowfieldofview,sothisimageis actuallyamosaicofseveralimages stitchedtogether. One of the things that makes this galaxy especially notable is its view- ing angle, which is inclined just six degreesoffofthegalaxy’sequator. JULY-AUGUST2025 ﻤﻨﺎﺳ ﺔ اﺣﺘﻔﺎﻻت وﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮى اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ واﻟﺜﻼ ﺛ ﻹﻃﻼق ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﻧ ـ ﴩت ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪة ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺼﻮر اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ أﻫـﺪاف ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑﻞ ا ﻨﺸﻮرة ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎً . ﻫﻨﺎ ﻧ ﻠﻘﻲ ﻧﻈﺮة ﻋـﲆ ﻣﺠﺮة ﺳﻮﻣﱪﻳﺮو اﻟﺸﻬ ة ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت ﺟﺪﻳـﺪة ﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ اﻟ . ﺼـﻮر ﺗﻜﺸـﻒ اﻟﺼـﻮ رة اﻟﺠﺪ ﻳﺪة ﻋﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﺻـﻴﻞ أدق ﰲ ﻗـﺮص ا ﺠـﺮة ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ا ﺰﻳـ ﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم وا ﺠـﺮات اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﴩـﻧ. اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣـﻦ ﺻـﻮر ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑﻞ ﺠﺮة ﺳﻮﻣ ﱪﻳﺮو ﻋـﲆ ﻣـﺪار اﻟﻌﻘـﺪﻳﻦ ا ﺎﺿﻴ ﺑﻤﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﺻـﻮرة ﻫﺎﺑـﻞ اﻟﺸـﻬ ة ﻫﺬه ﻣﻦ أﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ 2003 . ﰲ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﱪ 2024 م ﻗﺪ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺟـﻴﻤﺲ وﻳـﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟـﺔ ﻧﺎﺳـﺎ ووﻛﺎﻟـﺔ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء اﻷوروﺑﻴـﺔ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ووﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﻜﻨﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اً اً ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻠﻴـﺎً ﻟﻬﺬه ا ﺠﺮة ا ﺬﻫﻠﺔ . ﺗﺒﻌﺪ ﻣﺠﺮة ﺳـﻮﻣﱪﻳﺮو ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺣـﻮاﱄ 30 ﻣ ﻠﻴـﻮن ﺳـﻨﺔ ﺿـﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻛ ﻮﻛﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﺬراء وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ﻓـﻮراً ﻋﻨﺪ رؤﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺎً اﻧﺘﻔـﺎخ ا ﺠﺮة اﻟﺨﻔ ﻴﻒ وﻗﺮﺻﻬﺎ ذو اﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﺤﺎدة اﻟﺘـﺎج ا ﺴـﺘﺪﻳﺮ واﻟﺤﺎﻓـﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﻳﻀـﺔ ﺗﺸـﺒﻪ ا ﻟﻘﺒﻌﺔ ا ﻜﺴﻴﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ اﺷﺘ ﻘﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ا ﺠـﺮة اﺳﻤﻬﺎ . ﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ﻣﺠﺮة ﺳـﻮﻣﱪﻳﺮو ﻣﻠﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺠﻮم إﻻ أﻧﻬﺎ وﻟ ﻠﺪﻫﺸﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺆرةً ﻟﺘﻜـﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم . ﻳﺘﺤـﻮل أﻗـﻞ ﻣـﻦ ﻛﺘﻠــﺔ ﺷﻤﺴﻴﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐـﺎز إﱃ ﻧﺠـ ﻮم داﺧـﻞ اﻟﻘﺮص ا ُﻐﱪ ا ُﻌﻘﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺮة ﻛﻞ ﻋـﺎم . ﺣﺘـﻰ اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷ ﺳﻮد ا ﺮﻛﺰي ﻓﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠـﺮة واﻟﺬي ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻪ 9 ﻣﻠﻴﺎرات ﻛﺘﻠـﺔ ﺷﻤﺴـﻴﺔ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ أﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ا ﺮﻛـﺰي ﺠـﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﺑـﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣـﻦ 2000 ﻣـﺮة ﻫـﺎدئ . ﺎً ﻧﺴﺒﻴ ا ﺠﺮة ﺧﺎﻓﺘﺔ ﺟـﺪ اً ﺑﺤﻴـﺚ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ رﺻــﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮؤﻳ ـ ﺔ ا ﺠ ـﺮدة ﻟﻜﻨﻬــﺎ ﻣﺮﺋﻴــﺔ ﺑ ﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫﻮاة . ﻋﻨﺪ رؤﻳﺘﻬـﺎ ﻣـﻦ اﻷرض ﺗﻤﺘـﺪ ا ﺠـﺮة ﻋـﲆ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺛﻠﺚ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺒﺪر ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ . ﺎً ﺣﺠﻢ ا ﺠﺮة ﰲ اﻟﺴـﻤﺎء ﻛﺒـ ﺟـﺪًا وﻣـﺬﻫﻞ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ، ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣـﻊ ﻣﺠـﺎل رؤﻳـﺔ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﻀﻴﻖ . ﻟﺬا، ﻓﺈن ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة ﰲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺻﻮرة ﻓﺴﻴﻔﺴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﺪة ﺻﻮر ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻣﻌًﺎ . أﺣﺪ اﻷﺷـﻴﺎء اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺠﻌـﻞ ﻫﺬه ا ﺠﺮة ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ ﺑ ﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎص ﻫﻲ زاوﻳﺔ رؤﻳﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪة واﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﻤﻴـﻞ ﺳـﺖ درﺟـﺎت ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻦ ﺧﻂ اﺳﺘﻮاء ا ﺠﺮة ." ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 40 ﺗﻠﺴ ﻮبﻫﺎﺑﻞ ﻳﻮﻓﺮرؤ ﺔ ﺟﺪ ﺪة ﻟﻤﺠﺮة اﻟﺴﻮﻣ ﺮو : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺎر ﺮا ﻓ ﺮا اﻟﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟـﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ - ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 5