Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2025 ARABIC VERSION

I A pair of galaxies in deep-space battle byESO BárbaraFerreira n the distant depths of the Uni- verse, two galaxies are locked in athrillingwar.Overandover, they charge towards each other at speedsof500km/sonaviolentcol- lision course, only to land a glanc- ing blow before retreatingand winding up for another round. “We hence call this system the ‘cosmic joust’,” saysstudyco-leadPasquier Noterdaeme, a researcher at the In- stitut d’Astrophysique deParis, France, and the French-Chilean Laboratory for Astronomy in Chile, drawing a comparison to the me- dieval sport. But these galactic knights aren’t exactly chivalrous, and one has a very unfair advan- tage: it uses a quasar to pierce its opponentwithaspearofradiation. Quasars are the bright coresof somedistantgalaxiesthatarepow- ered by supermassive black holes, releasing huge amounts of radia- tion.Bothquasarsandgalaxymerg- ers used to be far more common, appearing more frequently in the Universe’sfirstfewbillionyears,so to observe them astronomers peer intothedistantpastwith powerful JULY-AUGUST2025 ﻣﺠﺮ ﺎن ﺗﺨﻮﺿﺎنﺻﺮاﻋﺎً ﻮﻧ ﺎً أ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺎق اﻟﻔﻀﺎء : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺎر ﺮا ﻓ ﺮا اﻟﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟـﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺗﺨـﻮض ﻣﺠﺮﺗﺎن ﻣﻌﺮﻛـﺔ ﰲ أﻋﻤـﺎق اﻟﻜـﻮن اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻨﺪﻓﻌﺎن اً ﻣـﺮار وﺗﻜـﺮارا ﻧﺤـﻮ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﴪﻋﺔ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ 500 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﱰ ﰲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻄﺪﻣﺎ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﴎﻳـﻊ ﻗﺒـﻞ أن ﺗﱰاﺟﻌـﺎ وﺗﺴﺘﻌﺪا ﻟﺠﻮﻟﺔ أﺧﺮى . ﻳﻘﻮل ﺑﺎﺳﻜﻴﻴﻪ ﻧﻮﺗﺮدﻳﻢ اﻟﺒﺎﺣـﺚ ا ﺸـﺎرك ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺑﺎرﻳﺲ وا ﺨﺘﱪ اﻟﻔ ـ ﺮﻧﴘ اﻟﺘﺸﻴﲇ ﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ": ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﺴﻤﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم " ا ﺒﺎرزة اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ " ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺎً ا إﻳﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ اﻟﻌﺼﻮر اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ . ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ رﺳﺎﻔاﻟ ا ﺠﺮﻳ ﻟﻴﺴ ﺎ ﻋﲆ درﺟﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﻞ وﻳﺴـﺘﻐﻞ اﺣـﺪﻫﻤﺎ ﻣﻴـﺰة ﻏـ ﻋﺎدﻟـﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻛﻮازار اً ﻟﻴﻄﻌﻦ ﺧﺼﻤﻪ ﺑﺮﻣﺢ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺷﻌﺎع . اﻟﻜـﻮازارات ﻫـﻲ اﻟﻨـﻮى اﻟﺴـﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﻟـﺒﻌﺾ ا ﺠﺮات اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤ ﻞ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﺜﻘـﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء اﻟﻬﺎﺋﻠﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻄﻠﻖ ﻛﻤﻴـﺎت ﻫﺎﺋﻠـﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺷﻌﺎع . ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻜﻮازارات واﻧـﺪﻣﺎج ـــــ ا ﺠﺮات أﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋﺎً ﰲ ا ﺎﴈ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻇﻬـﺮت ﺑﻜﺜﺮة ﺧﻼل ا ﻠﻴﺎرات اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ اﻷوﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤـﺮ اﻟﻜﻮن . ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﻫﺬه ا ﺠـﺮات ا ﺒﻜـﺮة ﻳﺘﻄﻠـﻊ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ إﱃ ا ﺎﴈ اﻟﺴـﺤﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨ ﺪام ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻨـﺎ ﺑﺮؤﻳـﺔ اﻟﻀـﻮء اﻟﺬي اﺳﺘ ﻐﺮق ﻣﻠﻴﺎرات اﻟﺴﻨ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻴﻨـﺎ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺤﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻮن ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﺷﺎﺑﺎً وﻧﺸﻄﺎً وﻳﻜﺸـﻒ ﻋـﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺗﻄـﻮر ا ﺠﺮات ﺑﻤﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ . ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 36 ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ - ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 5