Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2025 ARABIC VERSION

35 an impressive celestial object lo- cated about 2500 light-years from EarthintheconstellationCircinus.It stretches 180 light-years across and boasts a mass 250,000 times that of the Sun. Circinus West is known for harbor- ingdozensofyoungstellarobjects starsthatareintheirearlystages of development. Despite being shroudedindensegas anddust,theseinfant starsmakethemselves known.Zoomingin,vari- ouscluestotheirpres- encecanbeseendot- ted throughout Circinus West’ssnakingtendrils. One indication of newly formedstarsarethe sparsepocketsoflight seenburstingthrough themurkyclouds.This ligh is emanating from activelyformingstars, and the cavities around them have been carved outbymolecularout- flows—powerfuljets ejected from protostars and momentum that built up dur-ing formation. These energetic out- flows are much easier for as- tronomers to find than the embed- ded stars themselves and are a pow- erful tool for studying stellar nurs- eries. Many of the bright spots seen throughoutthedarkcloudsindicate the positions of young stars that have ejected the material around them.Multipleoutflowsourcescan beseenwithinCircinusWest’scen- tral black plume, an area knownas the Cir-MMS region that loosely resembles a downward-stretched hand with long, shadowy fingers. Near the center of this region the radiation from a newborn star is carvingoutacavityfromwithinthe opaque cloud. And at the extreme bottomleftofthecentralcloudan- other announces its birth with an explosion of light. Anothersignpostofstarformation, of which there is no shortage of in Circinus West, is the presence of Herbig-Haro (HH) objects. HH ob- jects are glowing red patches of nebulosity commonly found near newborn stars. They form when fast-movinggasthrownoutbystars smashes into slower-moving gas in thesurroundingmolecularcloudor interstellar medium. Visually scan- ningCircinusWestwillrevealcount- less HH objects. To the left of Cir- MMS, three recently discovered HH objectscanbeseenflutteringacross the face of the dark clouds. Studying the outflows in Circinus West may offer valuable clues into thestarformationprocessandalso revealhowyoungstarsimpacttheir environment. With such a variety of outflows,itservesasa natural laboratory for studying not just the life cycles of stars but also the dynamics of molecular clouds and the mechanisms gov- erning the evolutionof galaxies. The mas- sive outflows occur- ring there may even resemble the condi- tions under which our Solar System formed, providing us a glimpse into the processesthat led to our own emergenceintheUni- asawaytoreleasegas verse.    إن ﻌــــﺾ اﻟﺴــــﻤﺎ ت اﻟﻤﺜــــ ة ﻟﻼﻫﺘﻤــــﺎم اﻟﻤﻮﺟــــﻮدة ﻓــــﻲ اﻟﻈــــﻞ اﻟﺴــــﻤﺎوي اﻟﻤﻌــــﺮوف ﺎﺳــــﻢﺳـــــﺤﺎ ﺔ ﺳـــ ﻛ ﻨﻮسو ﺴـــﺖ اﻟـــ ـ ـــﺎﻣ ا اﻟﻄﺎﻗـــﺔ اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤـــﺔ ﺠﺰ ﺌ ﺔ اﻟﺘُﻘﻄـــﺖ ﻫـــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼـــﻮرة ﺎﺳـــﺘﺨﺪام ) ـــﺎم د ( ﺪﻗـﺔ 570 ــﺔ ﻣﻴﺠﺎ ﻜﺴـﻞ ﻣـﻦ ﺻـﻨﻊ وزارة اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻜ ــﺔ ـﺎﻣ ات اﻟﺮﻗﻤ وﻫـﻲواﺣــﺪة ﻣـﻦ أﻗــﻮى اﻟ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻌـﺎﻟﻢ . داﺧـﻞ ﺣـﺪود ﻫـﺬﻩ ا ـﻟـ ـﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤـﺔ ﺤﻀﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻨ ﻤ ـﺪة ﻣـﻦ ﺗﺸـﺘﻌﻞ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﻮﻟ ـﺎر اﻟﻐـﺎز واﻟﻐ اﻟ ﺎردﻳﻦ اﻟﻜﺜ ﻔ ﺑ ﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎت اﻟ ـ ﺨﺎرﺟﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاد ا ﻟﻤﺘ ﻘ ﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ﻣﺸ ﻠﺔ ﻫ ﺎ ﻞ ﻣﺬﻫﻠﺔ . ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔ ﺪﻳﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺑﺮزﺳﻤﺎت " ﺳﺪ ﻢ اﻟﺴ ﻛ ﻨﻮس " و ﺴﺖ وﻫﻮ ﺳﺪ ﻢ ﻣﻈﻠﻢ ﻳﺤﺘﻀﻦ ﻧﺠﻮﻣﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺜﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻮﻳﻦ ﺣ ﺚ ا ﻛﺘﺸﻒ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء أﺳﺮارﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺸﻬﺪ اﻟﻤﺬﻫﻞ . ﻣﻦ اﻷرض ﰲ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﺔ ﻳ ﺳ ﻛﻴﻨﻮس ﻤﺘﺪ ﻗُﻄﺮه ﺴﺎﻓﺔ 180 ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ وﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻛﺘﻠﺘـﻪ 250 أﻟﻒ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ . ﺗ ﺸـﺘﻬﺮ ﺳـﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺳ ﻛﻴﻨﻮس وﻳﺴﺖ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺣﺘﻮاﺋﻬ ﺎ ﻋـﲆ ﻋﴩات اﻷﺟﺮام اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺘﻴـﺔ - ﻧﺠـﻮم ﰲ ﻣﺮاﺣﻠﻬﺎ اﻷوﱃ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻄﻮر . ﻋـﲆ اﻟـﺮﻏﻢ ﻣـﻦ ﻛﻮ ﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﻃﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﻐﺒﺎر اﻟﻜﺜﻴـﻒ ﺗـﱪز ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﻮﻟﻴـﺪة ﻧﻔﺴـﻬﺎ وﻣـﻊ ازدﻳـﺎد ــــــــــــــــــــــــﺎ، ﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ رؤﻳ ﺔ أدﻟ ﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔــﺔ ﻋــﲆ وﺟﻮدﻫــﺎ ـﻣﻨﺘ ﴩة ﰲ ﺟﻤﻴـﻊ أﻧﺤـﺎء ﺧﻴﻮط ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺳ ﻛﻴﻨﻮس وﻳﺴــﺖ ا ﺘﻌﺮﺟــﺔ وﻣــﻦ ﻣـﺆﴍات اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﺣﺪﻳﺜـﺔ اﻟﺘﻜــﻮﻳﻦ ﺗﻠــﻚ اﻟﺠﻴــﻮب اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ ا ﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُﺮى ﻣﺘﻮﻫﺠــﺔ ﻋــﱪ اﻟﺴــﺤﺐ ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ . ﻳﻨﺒﻌﺚ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻀﻮ ء ﻣﻦ ﻧﺠﻮم ﰲ ﻃﻮر اﻟﺘﻜـﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺸـــﻂ وﻗـــﺪ ﻧ ﺤﺘـــﺖ اﻟﺘﺠ ـﺎوﻳﻒ ا ﺤﻴﻄــﺔ ﺑﻬ ـﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺗـﺪﻓﻘﺎت ﺟﺰﻳﺌﻴـﺔ وﻫﻲ ﻧﻔﺜﺎت ﻗﻮﻳـﺔ ﺗﻘـﺬف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ ﻹﻃـﻼق اﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﺰﺧﻢ اﻟـﺬي ﺗـﺮاﻛﻢ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﻜـﻮﻳﻦ ﻳ . ﻌـﺪ رﺻـﺪ ﻫ ـﺬه اﻟﺘ ـﺪﻓﻘﺎت اﻟﻨﺸ ـﻄﺔ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎت اﻟﻨﺸـﻄﺔ أﺳـﻬﻞ ﺑﻜﺜـ ﻋـﲆ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ رﺻﺪ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻧﻔﺴـﻬﺎ وﻫـﻲ أداة ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺣﺎﺿﻨﺎت اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﺸـﻳ. اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻘﻊ ا ﻀﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗ ﺮى ﰲ ﺟﻤﻴـﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﺴـﺤﺐ ا ﻈﻠﻤـﺔ إﱃ ﻣﻮاﻗـﻊ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟ ﺸﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺬﻓﺖ ا ﺎدة ا ﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ . ﻳﻤﻜﻦ رؤﻳﺔ ﻣﺼﺎدر ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﻣﺘﻌـ ﺪدة داﺧـﻞ اﻟﻌﻤـﻮد اﻷﺳﻮد ا ﺮﻛﺰي ﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺳ ﻛﻴﻨﻮس وﻳﺴـﺖ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻴ ﺔ وﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗ ﻌﺮف ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ Cir-MMS واﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺸـﺒﻪ إﱃ ﺣـﺪ ﻛﺒـ ﻳـﺪ اً ﻣﻤـﺪودة ﻷﺳـﻔﻞ ﺑﺄﺻـﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﻮﻳﻠـﺔ ﻣﻈ ﻠﻤـﺔ و ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ﻫـﺬه ا ﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﻳﻨﺤـﺖ اﻹﺷﻌﺎع ا ﻟﺼﺎدر ﻋـﻦ ﻧﺠـﻢ ﺣـﺪ ﻳﺚ اﻟـﻮﻻدة ﺗﺠﻮﻳﻔ ﺎً ﻣﻦ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ ا ﻌﺘﻤﺔ وﰲ أﻗﴡ أﺳﻔﻞ ﻳﺴﺎر اﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ ا ﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻳﻌﻠﻦ ﻧﺠﻢ آﺧﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻴﻼده ﺑﺎﻧﻔﺠﺎ ر ﺿﻮﺋﻲ . وﻣـﻦ اﻟﻌﻼﻣـﺎت اﻷﺧـﺮى ﻟﺘﻜـﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم، واﻟﺘ ـﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻨ ـﺪر وﺟﻮدﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺳ ﻛﻴﻨﻮس وﻳﺴـﺖ ﻫـﻮ وﺟﻮد أﺟﺴﺎم ﻫ ﺑﺞ ﻫﺎرو وﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎر ة ﻋـﻦ ﺑﻘﻊ ﺣﻤﺮاء ﻣﺘﻮﻫﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺎدةً ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﻨﺠﻮم ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ اﻟـﻮﻻدة . ﺗﺘﺸـﻜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺟﺮا م ﻋﻨـﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺼـﻄﺪم اﻟﻐـﺎز ﴎﻳـﻊ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻘﺬﻓﻪ ا ﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﺑﺎﻟﻐـﺎز اﻷﺑﻄـﺄ ﺣﺮﻛ ـﺔً ﰲ اﻟﺴـﺤﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻴ ـﺔ ا ﺤﻴﻄـﺔ أو اﻟﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺒﻴﻨﺠﻤﻲ . ﺳﻴﻜﺸﻒ ا ﺴﺢ اﻟﺒ ﴫي ـ ﻟ ﺴـﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺳـ ﻛﻴﻨﻮس وﻳﺴـﺖ ﻋـﻦ ﻋـﺪد ﻻ ـﻳ ﺤﴡ ﻣﻦ أﺟﺮام ﻫ ﺑﺞ ﻫﺎرو و ﻋﲆ ﻳﺴـﺎر ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺳـ ﻛﻴﻨﻮس و ﻳﺴـﺖ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ رؤﻳـﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﺟﺮام ﻫ ﺑﺞ ﻫﺎرو اﻛﺘﺸـﻔﺖ ﻣـﺆﺧﺮ اً وﻫﻲ ﺗﺮﻓﺮف ﻋﱪ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺴﺤﺐ ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ . ﻗ ـﺪ ﺗُﻘــﺪم دراﺳــﺔ اﻟﺘــﺪﻓﻘﺎت ﰲ ﺳــﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺳ ﻛﻴﻨﻮس وﻳﺴﺖ أدﻟﺔ ﺣﻮل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻜـﻮّن اﻟﻨﺠﻮم و ﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺄﺛ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻔﺘﻴﺔ ﻋـﲆ و ﺌﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻴ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﻨـﻮع ﰲ اﻟﺘـﺪﻓﻘﺎت ﻤﺜـﻞ ﺗ ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺳ ﻛﻴﻨﻮس اً ﺘـﱪ ﻣﺨ وﻳﺴﺖ ﺎً ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴـ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ دورات ﺣﻴﺎة اﻟﻨﺠﻮم وﻟﻜﻦ أﻳﻀًﺎ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺎت اﻟﺴﺤﺐ اﻟﺠﺰ وﻟ ﻜــﻦ أﻳﻀًـﺎ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴــﺎت اﻟﺴﺤﺐ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻴﺔ واﻵﻟﻴـﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺗﻄﻮر ا ﺠـﺮات . وﻗــﺪ ﺗﺸــﺒﻪ اﻟﺘــﺪﻓﻘﺎت اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺪث ﻫﻨـﺎك اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨــﺎ اﻟﺸــ ﻤﴘـ ﻣﻤــﺎ ﻳﻤﻨﺤﻨﺎ ﺤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺎت اﻟﺘــﻲ أدت إﱃ ﻇﻬﻮرﻧــﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن ﺗﻌﺪ . ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺎت ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺣﺎ اﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎً ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﻧﺸﺄة اﻟﻨﺠﻮم واﻟﻜ ﻮاﻛـﺐ ا ﺒﻜـﺮة ﻛﻤــﺎ ﺗُﺴــﻬﻢ اﻟﺘــﺪﻓﻘﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴـﺔ ا ﺘﻜـﺮرة وا ﻌﻘﺪة ﰲ إﺛﺮاء اﻟﻮﺳﻂ ﺑ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎﴏ اﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠـ ﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺪﻋﻢ اﺳﺘﻤﺮار اﻟـﺪورة اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ ا ﺠﺮات . ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ - ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 5 35 [CTIO/NOIRLab/DOE/NSF/AURA. Image Processing:T.A.Rector (Universityof Alaska Anchorage/NSFNOIRLab),D.deMartin&M. Kosari (NSFNOIRLab)] [Imagesandvideos:CTIO/NOIRLab/DOE/NSF/AURA.Image Processing:T.A.Rector (UniversityofAlaskaAnchorage/NSFNOIRLab),D.deMartin&M.Za-mani(NSF NOIRLab).Motion graphics andmusic:MikGarrison]