Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2025 ARABIC VERSION

A dark nebula harboring a nest of newlyformedstars by NOIRLab Josie Fenske hiswinding,shadowyform,ac- centuatedbyadensely-packed starrybackground,istheCirci- nus West molecular cloud — a re- gionrichingasanddustandknown for its host of newly formed stars. Molecular Clouds, the cradles of star formation, are interstellar clouds that are so dense and cold that atomswithinthembondwitheach othertoformmolecules.Some,such asCircinusWest,aresodensethat light cannot pass through, giving them a dark, mottled appearance and earning them the name dark nebulae.Thecloud’sflourishingpop- ulation of young stars has offered astronomersawealthofinsightinto theprocessesdrivingstarformation and molecular cloud evolution. ﺳﺪ ﻢﻣﻈﻠﻢ ﻳﺤﺘﻀﻦ ﻋﺸًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺠﻮم ﺣﺪ ﺜﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻮﻳﻦ : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺟﻮزيﻓ ﻨﺴﻜﻲ ﻷﺑﺤﺎث اﻟﻔﻠﻚ اﻟ ﺼﺮيوﺗﺤﺖ اﻷ ﻤﺮ اﻟﻤﺨﺘ اﻟﻮﻃ ) ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب ( ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ - ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 5 إن ﻫﺬا اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ا ﺘﻌـﺮج واﻟﻐـﺎﻣﺾ ﺑﺨﻠﻔﻴـﺔ ﻧﺠﻤﻴـﺔ ﻛﺜﻴﻔـﺔ ﻫـ ﻮ ﺳـﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺳـ ﻛﻴﻨﻮس وﻳﺴﺖ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻴﺔ وﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻏﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺒـﺎر ﺗﻀﻢ ﻋﺪداً ﻛﺒ اً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ . ﺗﻌﺘﱪ اﻟﺴﺤﺐ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻴﺔ ﻣﻬﺪ ﺗﻜﻮ ﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﻦ ا ﻳ وﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺳﺤﺐ ﺑـ ﻧﺠﻤﻴـﺔ ﻛﺜﻴﻔـﺔ وﺑـﺎردة ﻟﺪرﺟـﺔ أن اﻟـﺬرات داﺧ ﻠﻬـﺎ ﺗﺘﺤـﺪ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت . ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻣﺜـﻞ ﺳـ ﻛﻴﻨﻮس وﻳﺴﺖ ﻛﺜﻴﻒ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أن اﻟﻀﻮء ﻻ ﻳﻨﻔـﺬ ﻣـﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ، ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳُﻌﻄﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻈﻬـﺮًا داﻛﻨًـﺎ ﻣُﺮﻗّﻄًـﺎ، اﻟﺘﻲ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻬﺎ وزارة اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ وا ﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻋــﲆ ﺗﻠﺴــﻜﻮب ﻓﻴﻜﺘــﻮر ﺑﻼﻧﻜــﻮ اﻟﺘــ ﺎﺑﻊ ﻟ ﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم ﺑﻘﻄﺮ 4 أﻣﺘﺎر ﰲ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﺳ و ﺗﻮﻟﻮﻟﻮ ﰲ ﺗﺸﻴﲇ وﻫـﻮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺨﺘﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﯨﺐ . ﺗُﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﺠـﺰء اﻟﻐﺮﺑـﻲ ﻣـﻦ ﺳـﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺳـ ﻛﻴﻨﻮس اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻴــﺔ اﻷﻛـﱪ وﻫـﻲ ﺟـﺮم ﻳﺒﻌﺪ ﺳﻤﺎوي ﺣﻮاﱄ 2500 ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻷرضﰲ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﺔ ﺳ ﻛﻴﻨﻮس . وﻳﺴﺖ ﻛﺜﻴﻒ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أن اﻟﻀﻮء ﻻ ﻳﻨﻔـﺬ ﻣـﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻈﻬﺮ اً داﻛﻨﺎ ﻣﺮﻗّﻄﺎً وﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺟﺎءت ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺴـﺪم ا ﻈﻠﻤـﺔ وﻗـﺪ ﻣﻨﺢ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﻜﺒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﻔﺘﻴـﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻧﻈﺮة ﺛﺎﻗﺒ ﺔ ﻋـﲆ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺮك ﺗﻜﻮ ن اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم وﺗﻄـﻮر اﻟﺴﺤﺐ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻴـﺔ . اﻟﺘُﻘﻄـﺖ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺼـﻮرة ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨ ﺪام ﻛﺎﻣ ا اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ ) دي ﻛـﺎم ( اﻟﺘ ـﻲ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻬﺎ وزارة اﻟﻄﺎﻗ ـﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴ ـﺔ، وا ﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻋﲆ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﻓﻴﻜﺘـﻮر م . ﺑﻼﻧﻜـﻮ، 1 2 3 4