Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2025 ARABIC VERSION

BI-MONTHLYMAGAZINEOFSCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION FREELYAVAILABLETHROUGH THEINTERNET July-August2025 Englisheditionofthemagazine Lifeunlikelyon K2-18 b Strongmagneticfieldsinthestar-forming region Sagittarius C Theoldestknownspiralgalaxy in the Universe Aplanetinperpendicularorbitaround pair of stars Thesurprisingoriginsofasteroid 2024 YR 4 l A ’ STROFILO Editorinchief MicheleFerrara Scientificadvisor Prof.EnricoMariaCorsini Publisher Astro Publishing di Ferrara M. Via Bonomelli, 106 25049Iseo-BS-ITALY emailinfo@astropublishing.com InternetServiceProvider ArubaS.p.A. ViaSanClemente,53 24036PonteSanPietro-BG- ITALY Copyright All material in this magazine is, unless otherwise stated, property of Astro Publishing di Ferrara M. or includedwithpermissionofitsauthor.Repr oduc- tion or retransmission of the materials, in whole or in part, in any manner, withoutthepriorwrittenconsentof the copyright holder, is a violation of copyright law. A single copy of the ma- terials available through this coursemay be made, solely for personal, non- commercial use. Users may not distrib- ute such copies to others, whether or not in electronic form, whether or not for a charge or other consideration, without prior written consent of the copyright holder of the materials. The publisher makes available itself with having rights for possible not character- ized iconographic sources. Advertising - Administration Astro Publishing di Ferrara M.Via Bonomelli, 106 25049Iseo-BS-ITALY emailadmin@astropublishing.com Theatmosphericmakeupofsmall,hot,gassy sub-Neptune TOI-421 b Adarknebulaharboringanestofnewly formed stars Hubble provides a new view of the Sombrero Galaxy Potentialinconsistenciesinthestandard cosmological model Webbidentifiesfrozenwaterin young star system EvidenceofcloudconvectioninTitan’s northern hemisphere 14 18 20 26 30 34 40 44 46 48 ــــــــﻞﺷــــــــﻬﺮ ﻦ ــــــــﺔ ﺗﺼــــــــﺪر ﻣﺠﻠــــــــﺔ ﻋﻠﻤ ــــــــــــﺔ ــــــــــــﺔ واﻟﺘﻘﻨ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣــــــــــــﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻤ ـــ ﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﻓـــﺮة ﻣـﺠﺎﻧﺎً ﻣـــــــﻦﺧــﻼل اﻹﻧ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ – أﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2025 اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ اﻟﻌﺮ ﺔﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ASTROFILO ــــــﻣ ـــــــ ﺮاﺟﻌ ــــﺤﻤــ ﺔاﻟ ﺘﻮى . أ ﺻﺎﻟـﺢ ﻣ ﻤﺪ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ ـاﻟ ـــﻤــﺟ ــﺘــــ ﺔواﻟ ﺮــــ ﺤﺮ . م ﻣﺎﺟﺪأﺑﻮزاﻫﺮة اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟـﺠﺔواﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ . أ ﻣﻔﺎزﻋ ﺪاﻟﻠﻄ ﻒ ـــ اﻟﻤ ﺘﺎ ﻌﺔاﻻﻟ ـــ ﻜ وﻧ ﺔ . م ﻧﻮافﻋ ﺪاﻷﻟﮫ ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﻤﻴـــﻊاﻟﻤــــﻮاد اﻟـــﻮاردة ﻓــــﻲﻫـــﺬﻩاﻟﻤﺠﻠــــﺔﻫــــﻲ ﻣﻠ ﻚ ﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ Astro PublishingdiPirlo L ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ُﻨﺺﻋﻠﻰﺧﻼفذﻟـﻚأو ﻣﻀـﻤﻨﺔ ﺑـﺈذن ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻬــــــﺎ ﻌــــــﺪإﻋــــــﺎدةإﻧﺘــــــﺎجاﻟﻤــــــﻮادأوإﻋـــــــﺎدة ـﺄيﻃﺮ ﻘـﺔدون اﻟــﺤﺼﻮل ًـﺎ إرﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻠ ًﺎأوﺟﺰ ﻋﻠﻰﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔﺧﻄ ﺔ ﻣﺴ ﻘﺔ ﻣﻦﺻـﺎﺣﺐﺣﻘـﻮق ًـــﺎﻟﻘــــﺎﻧﻮنﺣﻘـــﻮقاﻟﻄﺒــــﻊ اﻟﻄﺒـــﻊ واﻟﻨﺸــــﺮ اﻧﺘﻬﺎ . واﻟﻨﺸـــﺮ ﻤﻜـــﻦﻋ ﻤـــﻞ ﻧﺴـــﺨﺔواﺣـــﺪة ﻣـــﻦاﻟﻤـــﻮاد اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣــــــــﺔ ﻟﻼﺳــــــــﺘﺨﺪاماﻟﺸﺨﺼــــــــﻲﻓﻘــــــــﻂﻏــــــــ ﺗﻮز ــــــــﻊﻫــــــــﺬﻩ اﻟﺘﺠـــــــﺎريﻻﻳﺠــــــــﻮزﻟﻠﻤﺴـــــــﺘﺨﺪﻣ ــﺎن ذﻟـﻚ ﻓــﻲﺷـ ﻞ اﻟﻨﺴـﺦﻋﻠــﻰاﻵﺧـﺮ ﻦﺳـﻮاءأ إﻟﻜ وﻧــــــــﻲأمﻻﺳــــــــﻮاء ﻣﻘﺎﺑــــــــﻞرﺳـــــــــﻮمأوأي ــــﺔ ﻣﺴــــ ﻘﺔ ﻣــــﻦ ــــﺪون ﻣﻮاﻓﻘــــﺔﺧﻄ ــــﺎرآﺧــــﺮ اﻋﺘ ﺻﺎﺣﺐﺣﻖ ﻧﺴﺦاﻟﻤﻮاد . Jeddah astronomy society Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia jeddah_society@yahoo.com Email اﻟ ﻤﺔ - اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻌﺮﻲ اﺳﺘ ﻌﺎد اﻣ ﺎﻧ ﺔوﺟﻮدﺣ ﺎةﻋﻠﻰاﻟ ﻮﻛﺐ K2-18b ﻣﺠﺎﻻتﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃ ﺴ ﺔ ﺗﻨﻈﻢوﻻدة اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻓﻲﺳﺎﺟ ﺘﺎر ﻮس C اﻻن أﻗﺪمﻣﺠﺮةﺣﻠﺰوﻧ ﺔﻣﻜﺘﺸﻔﺔﻓﻲاﻟ ﻮنﺣ ﻮﻛﺐﻓﻲﻣﺪارﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪﺣﻮل ﻧﻈﺎم ﻧ ﻤﻲﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻷﺻﻮل اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺟﺌﺔ ﻟﻠ ﻮ ﻜﺐ YR4 2024 اﻟﺘ ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟـﺠﻮيﻟﻠ ﻮﻛﺐاﻟﻨ ﻤﻲاﻟﺼﻐ واﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ TOI-421 b ﺳﺪ ﻢﻣﻈﻠﻢ ﻳﺤﺘﻀﻦﻋﺸًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺠﻮمﺣﺪ ﺜﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻮﻳﻦ ﺗﻠﺴ ﻮبﻫﺎﺑﻞ ﻳﻮﻓﺮرؤ ﺔﺟﺪ ﺪة ﻟﻤﺠﺮة اﻟﺴﻮﻣ ﺮو ﺗ ﺎ ﻨﺎتﻣﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔﻓﻲاﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻟ ﻮﻧﻲاﻟﻘ ﺎﺳﻲ و ﺐﻳﺮﺻﺪﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺎً ﻣﺘ ﻤﺪةﻓﻲﻧﻈﺎم ﻧ ﻤﻲﺷﺎب رﺻﺪ اﻟـ ﻤﻞ اﻟـﺤﺮارياﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﻲﻓﻲﺷﻤﺎل ﺗ ﺘﺎن 4 14 14 18 20 26 30 34 40 44 46 48 4 14