Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2025 ARABIC VERSION

intheinfrared,seeingpropertiesof the asteroid that would otherwise beimpossibletoobserve.Thestudy usesadditionaldatafromtheAster- oidTerrestrial-impactLastAlertSys- temorATLAS,developedbythe Uni- ai ‘ iand A,as ini pein lf of the Gemini partly .S.Na- Founda- rated by . The in- indow Bolinandhisteam hadforobservingthis objectwasonly4arc- secondswide,pro- jectingtoaverysmall patch of the sky, re- quiring precision measurement only Keck Observatory could provide. “This object’s orbit was so well de- termined we knew its position to withinlessthananarcsecond.Itwas moving less than 10 arcseconds per minute, if we were off target the background static stars would have been trailed, but we got it on our first try,” said Bolin. “It was a serendipitous set of circumstances that allowed us to do these obser- vations.” Serendipitous because Bolin’s orig- inal science case was imaging for trans-Neptunianobjects,butdueto technicaldifficulties,histeamwas able to pivot at the last minute to image the object, obtaining data thatmayonedayplayacrucialrole in saving our planet from impact. “The data from our study will be used to assess the physical proper- ties and shapes of potentially im- pactingasteroids,providingagreat test case on the kind of rapid re- sponseobservationsthatareneces- sary to characterize a potential threatlikethisobject.Thephysical information about an asteroid’s physical property (rubble pile vs solidrock)iscrucialforplanning mitigationeffortsifnecessary.”    ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 28 رﺳﻢ ﺗﺨ ﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ﻟﻠ ﻮ ﻜﺐ YR4 2024 اﻟﺬ اﻛﺘُﺸـﻒﻷول ﻣـﺮة ﻓـﻲد ﺴـﻤ 2024 و ﻫـﻮ ﺟﺴـﻢ ﺻـﻠﺐ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨـﻮع اﻟـ ـ ﺤﺠﺮيوﻳـﺮﺟ ﺢ أﻧــﮫ ﻧﺸﺄ ﻣﻦ ﻮ ﻜ ﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟ ـ ﺤﺰام اﻟﺮ اﻟﻤﺮ ﺦ واﻟﻤﺸ يوﻫﻲ ﺴﻲ ﺑ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻟﻢ ﻌﺮ فﺳﺎ ﻘﺎ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗ ﻨﺘﺞ ﻮ ﻜ ﺎتٍ ﻋﺎﺑﺮة ﻟﻸرض . ﺻﻮر اﻻ ﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻟﻠ ﻮ ﻜﺐ 2024 YR ﺘﺎر ﺦ 27 د ﺴﻤ 2024 اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ 05:49:42 ﺎﻟﺘﻮﻗ ﺖ اﻟﻌــﺎﻟﻤﻲ . ﺗﺤــﺮك اﻟ ﻮ ﻜــﺐ ﺴــﺮﻋﺔ 22.8 دﻗ ﻘــﺔ ﻗﻮﺳــ ﮫ ﻓــﻲ اﻟﺴــﺎﻋﺔ ) 9.11 درﺟــﺔ ﻓــﻲ اﻟﻴــﻮم ﻓــﻲ ( اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﻐﺮﻲ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻗ ا ﮫ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮي اﻟﺴﺮ ﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻷرض أﻣﺎم اﻟﻨﺠﻮم [B.T.Bolinetal.,2025] . ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻄﻴـﺎف اﻷﺟﺴـﺎم ا ﺘﻌﺪدة ﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺮﺻﺪ ﻛﻴﻚ ) ﻣﻮﺳﻔﺎﻳﺮ ( ﺗﻤﻜـﻦ ﺑـﻮ ﻟ وﻓﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﻣﻦ رﺻﺪ اﻟﻜﻮﻳﻜﺐ YR4 ﰲ اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ورؤﻳـﺔ ﺧﺼـﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻜﻮﻳﻜـﺐ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ا ﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ رﺻـﺪﻫﺎ ﻟـﻮﻻ ذﻟـﻚ . ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻈـﺎم اﻹﻧﺬار اﻷﺧ ﻻﺻﻄﺪام اﻟﻜﻮﻳﻜﺒﺎت ﺑـﺎﻷرض أﻃﻠﺲ) ( اﻟﺬي ﻃﻮرﺗﻪ ﺟﺎﻣ ﻌﺔ ﻫﺎواي ﺑﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣـﻦ وﻛﺎﻟ ـﺔ ﻧﺎﺳـﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻹﺿـﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﺳـﺎوث ﰲ ﺗﺸـﻴﲇ وﻫـﻮ ﺟـﺰء ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨﻲ اﻟﺪوﱄ ﺑﺘﻤﻮﻳ ﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺆﺳﺴـﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴـﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴـﺔ وﻳـﺪﻳﺮه ﻣﺨﺘـﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﺎﻓﺬة اﻷدوات اﻟﺘﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﻟ وﻓﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠﺴـﻢ ﺑﻌـﺮض 4 ﺛﻮانٍ ﻗﻮﺳـﻴﺔ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﻣ ﺴـﻘﻄﺔً ﻋـﲆ رﻗﻌـﺔ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ اً ﺻﻐ ة ﺟﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﻣﻤﺎ ﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﻗﻴﺎﺳ ﺎً ﺎً دﻗﻴﻘ ﻻ ﻳﺴ ــﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺗـــﻮﻓ ه ﺳﻮى ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻛﻴﻚ . ﺑﻮﻟ ﻗﺎل " : ﻛـﺎن ﻣـﺪار ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻣﺤﺪد اً ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أﻧﻨﺎ ﻋﺮﻓﻨـﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻪ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﻘـﻞ ﻋـﻦ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻗﻮﺳﻴﺔ . ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛـﺎن ﻳﺘﺤﺮك ﺑﴪﻋﺔ أﻗﻞ ﻣـﻦ 10 ﺛ ــﻮانٍ ﻗﻮﺳـــﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ وﻟﻮ اﺑﺘﻌﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻬﺪف ﻟﻜﺎﻧـﺖ اﻟﻨﺠـ ﻮم اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻗـﺪ اﻧﺤﺮﻓﺖ ﻟﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻧﺠﺤﻨﺎ ﰲ رﺻﺪه ﻣﻦ أول ﻣﺤﺎوﻟـﺔ ــــــــــــــــــــ وأﺿﺎف " : ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈـﺮوف ﻏ ا ﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻤﺤﺖ ﻟﻨـﺎ ﺑـﺈﺟﺮاء ﻫﺬه اﻷرﺻﺎد ." ﻛﺎن ذﻟﻚ ﻣﺼﺎدﻓﺔ ﻷن ﻣﺠﺎل ﺑﻮﻟ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ اﻷﺻﲇ ﻛﺎن ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ اﻷﺟﺴـﺎم وراء ﻧﺒﺘ ﻮن وﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﻈﺮاً ﻟﻠﺼـﻌﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴـﺔ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻐﻴ ﻣﺴـﺎره ﰲ اﻟﻠﺤﻈـﺔ اﻷﺧ ة ﻟﺘﺼـﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﺠﺴـﻢ واﻟﺤﺼـﻮل ﻋـﲆ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻗﺪ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ دور اً ﺎً ﺣﺎﺳﻤ ﰲ إﻧﻘﺎذ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺻﻄﺪام ﻳﻮﻣ .ﻣﺎ ﺎً ﺳﺘُﺴـﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﺎت دراﺳـﺘﻨﺎ ﻟﺘﻘﻴ ـﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﺼ ـﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻔ ﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴ ـﺔ وأﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻜﻮﻳﻜﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳ ﺤﺘﻤﻞ أن ﺗﺼﻄﺪم ﺑﺎﻷرض ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳـﻮﻓﺮ ﻧﻤﻮذﺟـﺎً ﺎً ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻴـ ﻟﺮﺻـﺪ اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﴪﻳﻌﺔ اﻟﻼ زﻣﺔ ﻟ ﺘﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﻛﻬﺬا اﻟﺠﺴﻢ . ﺗﻌﺪ ا ﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﺨﺼـﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻳﻜﺐ ) ﻛﻮﻣﺔ ا ﻷﻧﻘﺎض ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ اً أﻣﺮ ( ﺑﺎﻟﻎ اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺟﻬﻮد اﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﴬورة . ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻏ ا ﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﻋﲆ أﻫﻤﻴـﺔ ا ﺮوﻧﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﻲ ﺣﻴـﺚ أن اﻟﻔـﺮص ﻏ ا ﺨﻄﻂ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ أن ﺗـﺆدي إﱃ ﺗﻘـﺪم ﺑﺎﻟﻎ اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬا ا ﺠﺎل . إن ﻓﻬﻢ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻜﻮﻳﻜﺒـﺎت ﻳﺴـﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﻋـﲆ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﺳـﱰ اﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎت دﻓـﺎع ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻴـﺔ أﻛﺜـﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺳﻮاء ﻛﺎن ذﻟﻚ ﻋـﻦ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﺗﺤﻮﻳـ ﻞ ﻣﺴﺎرﻫﺎ أو ﺗﻔﺘﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺎن ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎن ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻨﺎ ﰲ ا ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ . ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ - ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 5 [W.M. KeckObs r at ry/A amMakarenko]