Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2025 ARABIC VERSION

T The unprecedented exoplanet, named2M1510(AB)b,orbitsapair of young brown dwarfs — objects bigger than gas-giant planets but too small to be proper stars. The twobrowndwarfsproduceeclipses of one another as seen from Earth, makingthempartofwhatas- tronomers call an eclipsing binary. This system is incredibly rare: it is only the second pair of eclipsing brown dwarfs known to date, andit contains the first exoplanet ever found on a path at right angles to the orbit of its two host stars. “Aplanetorbitingnotjustabinary, but dw bei orb inc exc aut Tri at of The this refi bital and physical parameters of the two brown dwarfs by collecting ob- servationswiththe Ultraviolet and VisualEchelleSpectr ograph (UVES) instrument onESO’sVLTat hisillustrationshowsanexo- planet orbiting around two brown dwarfs –– objects bigger than gas-giantplanetsbuttoosmalltobe properstars.[ESO/M.Kornmesser] tory, Chile. The pair of brown dwarfs,knownas2M1510,were first data is if a planet is on a polar orbit about this binary,” says Baycroft. “Thediscoverywasserendipitous,in thesensethatourobservationswere not collected to seek such aplanet, or orbital configuration. As such,itisabigsurprise,” saysTriaud. “Overall, I think this shows to us as- tronomers, but also to the public at large,whatispossibleinthefasci- ParanalObserva- natingUniverseweinhabit.”     ﻋـــــﺮض ﺗﺨ ﻠــــــﻲ ﻟ ﻮﻛــــــﺐ ﻧ ﻤــــــﻲ ــــــﺪورﺣــــــﻮل ﻨﻴ ﻗﺰﻣ وﻫـﻲ أﺟﺴـﺎم أﻛـ ﻣـﻦ اﻟ ﻮاﻛـﺐ اﻟﻐﺎز ــــــﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗــــــﺔ ﻟﻜﻨﻬـــــــﺎ أﺻــــــﻐﺮ ﻜﺜــــــ ﻣـــــــﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟ ـ ﺤﻘ ﻘ ﺔ .[ESO/M.Kornmesser] ﺎﺳــﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻠﺴــ ﻮب اﻟﻜﺒــ ﺟــﺪاً ــﺎً ـﺎً ﻧ ﻤ اﻛﺘﺸـﻒﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠــﻚ ﻮﻛ ــﺔ ـــﺔ ﺑﺰاو ــﺪورﺣــﻮل زوج ﻣـــﻦ اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم اﻟﻐﺮ درﺟـــﺔ ﻣﻤــﺎ ﺸـــ إﻟــﻰ ﻧﻈـــﺎم ﻧ ﻤـــــﻲ ﺛﻨـــــﺎﺋﻲﻓﺮ ـــــﺪ . ـــــﺄن ﻫـــــﺬﻩ اﻟ ﻮاﻛـــــﺐ ﺎﻧـــــﺖﻫﻨـــــﺎك إﺷـــــﺎراتﺳـــــﺎ ﻘﺔ ـﺔ اﻟـ اﻟﻘﻄﺒ ـ ﻗـﺪ ﺗ ﺗـﺪورﺣــﻮل ﻧ ﻤـ ﻮن ﻣﻮﺟــﻮدة وﻟﻜـﻦ ﻟـﺪ ﻨﺎ اﻵن دﻟﻴــﻞ ﻋﻠـــﻰذﻟـــﻚ . ـــﺔ اﻟﻤﺴـــﺎر ﺗـــﻢ اﻛﺘﺸـــﺎفﻫـــﺬا اﻟﻨﻈـــﺎم اﻟﻔﺮ ـــﺪ ﻣـــﻦ ﺧـــﻼل ﻣﺮاﻗ ا اﻟﻤـﺪاري ﻟﻠﻨ ﻤـ ـﺪاً ـﺘﻢ دﻓﻌﻬﻤـﺎ وﺳـﺤﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﻌ ﻟﻠـﺬﻳﻦ ﻻ ﻤﻜـﻦ واﻟـﺬ ﻏــــ ﻣﺘﻮﻗــــﻊ ﺗﻔﺴــــ ﻩ إﻻ ﺑﻮﺟــــﻮد ﻮﻛــــﺐ ﻓــــﻲﻣــــﺪارﻗﻄــــ . ﻠﺨــــﺺﻫـــــﺬا ـﺔ ـﺪﻳﻮ اﻻﻛﺘﺸـﺎفو ﺸــﺮحﻃﺒ ﻌـﺔ ﻫـﺬﻩ اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم اﻟﻐﺮ اﻟﻔ واﻟﻄﺮ ﻘـﺔ اﻟــ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ اﻟ ﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻟﻠﻌﺜﻮرﻋﻠﻰﻫﺬا اﻟ ﻮﻛﺐ اﻟﻐﺮﺐ ﻟﻼﻫﺘﻤﺎم . .[ESO] ﻳﺪور اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ ﻏ ا ﺴﺒﻮق ا ﺴـﻤﻰ M1510(AB)b2 ﺣـﻮل ﺛﻨـﺎﺋﻲ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﻗـﺰام اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺎﺑﺔ وﻫﻲ أﺟﺴﺎم أ ﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗﺔ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ أﺻﻐﺮ ﻣـﻦ أن ﺗُﻌﺘـﱪ ﻧﺠﻮﻣـﺎ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴـﺔ . ﻳﻨـﺘﺞ اﻟﻘﺰﻣـﺎ ن اﻟﺒﻨﻴـﺎن ﻛﺴﻮﻓﺎ ﻟﺒﻌﻀﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺮى ﻣـﻦ اﻷرض ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﺟﺰءا ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳ ﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺜﻨـﺎﺋﻲ ا ﺘﻜﺎﺳـﻒ . ﻳﻌـﺪ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻧﺎدر اً ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ : ﻓﻬـﻮ ﺛـﺎﻧﻲ زوج ﻣـﻦ اﻷﻗﺰام اﻟ ﺒﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﺴﻮﻓﻴﺔ ا ﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﺣﺘـﻰ اﻵن وﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ أول ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﻧﺠﻤﻲ ﻳ ﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴـﺎر ﺑﺰاوﻳـﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤـﺔ ﻋـﲆ ﻣــﺪار ﻧﺠﻤﻴـﻪ ا ﻀﻴﻔ . ﻳﻘﻮل أﻣﻮري ﺗﺮﻳﻮ ا ﺆﻟﻒ ا ﺸﺎرك واﻷﺳـﺘﺎذ ﺑﺠﺎﻣﻌــﺔ ﺑﺮﻣﻨﻐﻬـﺎم " : إن وﺟـﻮد ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﻳﺪور ﺣﻮل ﻗﺰم ﺑﻨﻲ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ وﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻧﺠﻢ ﺛﻨـﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻹﺿـﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺪار ﻗﻄﺒﻲ أﻣــﺮ ﻣــﺬﻫﻞ وﻣﺜــ ﻟﻼﻫﺘﻤــﺎم ." اﻛﺘﺸــﻒ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻜﻮﻛـﺐ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﺤﺴـ ا ﻌـﺎﻳ ا ﺪارﻳ ـﺔ واﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴ ـﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺰﻣ اﻟﺒﻨﻴـ ﻣـﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺟﻤﻊ ا ﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﺑﺎﺳـــﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﻬـــﺎز ﻣﻄﻴﺎف اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻓـﻮق اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ واﻟﺒ ـ ﻳﺔﴫ ا ﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒــ ﺟــﺪ اً اﻟﺘــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻــﺪ اﻷوروﺑ ــﻲ اﻟﺠﻨــﻮﺑﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺻــﺪ ﺑﺎراﻧـﺎل ﺑﺘﺸـﻴﲇ . ﺗـﻢ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف زوج اﻻﻗـﺰام اﻟﺒﻨﻴــ ، ا ﻌ ــﺮوﻓ اﻟﺒﻨﻴ ﺔ ا ﻌﺮوف ﺑﺎﺳﻢ M15102 ﻷول ﻣﺮة ﻋﺎم 2018 ﻣـﻦ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﺗﺮﻳـﻮ وآﺧـﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎة اﻟﺘــﻲ ﺗﺤﺠــﺐ اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم ﻓﺎﺋﻘــﺔ اﻟــﱪودة (SPECULOOS) وﻫﻮ ﻣﺮﻓﻖ آﺧﺮ ﰲ ﺑﺎراﻧـﺎل . ﻟﻘﺪ ﻻﺣﻆ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـ ﻚ أن ا ﺴـﺎر ا ـﺪاري ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻤ ــ ﰲ M15102 ﻳﺘ ﻌ ــﺮض ﻟﻠ ــﺪﻓﻊ واﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﺑﻄﺮق ﻏ ﻋﺎدﻳﺔ ﻣﻤـﺎ د ﻓﻌﻬـﻢ إﱃ اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج وﺟﻮد ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﻧﺠﻤﻲ ﺑﺰاوﻳﺔ ﻣﺪارﻳـﺔ . ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻳﻘﻮل ﺑﺎﻳﻜﺮوﻓﺖ " : ﻟﻘﺪ د رﺳﻨﺎ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎرﻳﻮﻫﺎت ا ﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ واﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎرﻳﻮ اﻟﻮﺣﻴـﺪ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﻫـﻮ ﻣـﺎ إذا ﻛـﺎن اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﰲ ﻣﺪار ﻗﻄﺒﻲ ﺣﻮل ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺜﻨـﺎﺋﻲ ." ﻟﻘـﺪ ﻛـﺎ ن اﻻﻛﺘﺸـﺎف ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺌ ًـﺎ ﺑﻤﻌﻨ ـﻰ أن أرﺻﺎدﻧﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗُﺠﻤﻊ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ أو ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺪار . ي ﻛﻬﺬا ﻟﺬا ﺗ ﻌـﺪ ﻣﻔﺎﺟـﺄة ﻛﺒـ ة ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻳﻘﻮل ﺗﺮﻳﻮ إن . ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻳﻔـﺘﺢ آﻓﺎﻗًـﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻟﻔﻬﻤﻨﺎ ﻟﺘﻜـﻮﻳﻦ اﻷﻧﻈﻤـﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻴـﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺰز وﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﺣﺪود اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ . ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم أﻋﺘﻘﺪ أن ﻫـﺬا ﻳﻈﻬـﺮ ﻟﻨـﺎ ﻧﺤـﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ وﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﺔ أﻳﻀً ﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﻮن ا ﺬﻫﻞ اﻟﺬي ﻧﻌﻴﺶ ﻓﻴ .ﻪ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ - ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 5