Free Astronomy Magazine July-August 2025 ARABIC VERSION

The oldest known spiral galaxy in the Universe byNOIRLab JosieFenske5BaptisteLavie arge, grand-design spiral galax- ies like our own Milky Way are commoninthenearby Universe. But they have proven hard to find in the early Universe, which is consis- tent with expectations that large disks with spiral arms should take many billions of years to form. How- ever, assistant astronomer Christina WilliamsofNSFNOIRLab,whichis fundedbytheU.S.NationalScience Foundation,hasdiscoveredasurpris- ingly mature spiral galaxy just one billionyearsaftertheBigBang.This is the most distant, earliest known spiral galaxy in the Universe. This galaxy, named Zhúlóng — meaning ‘Torch Dragon’ in Chinese mythol- ogy, a creature associated with light andcosmictime—wasdiscovered as part of the PANORAMIC survey. This project is being conducted with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and is co-led by Williams and Pascal Oesch of the University of Geneva (UNIGE). The research was motivated by building a wide-area imaging sur- vey using JWST to complement fu- turewide-areasurveysbasedoutof JULY-AUGUST2025 أﻗﺪمﻣﺠﺮة ﺣﻠﺰوﻧ ﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﺸﻔﺔ ﻓﻲاﻟ ﻮن اﻵن ﺣ : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺟﻮزيﻓ ﻨﺴﻜﻲ و ﺎ ﺘ ﺴﺖ ﻻﻓﻲ ﻷﺑﺤﺎث اﻟﻔﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺨﺘ اﻟﻮﻃ اﻟ ﺼﺮيوﺗﺤﺖ اﻷ ﻤﺮ ) ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب ( اﻟﻤﺠـﺮات اﻟﺤﻠ ﺰوﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﺒ ة ذات اﻟﺘﺼـﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺮاﺋﻊ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨـﺎ درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧـﺔ ﺷـﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ وﻟﻜﻦ ﺛﺒـﺖ ﺻـﻌﻮﺑ ﺔ اﻟﻌﺜـﻮر ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن ا ﺒﻜﺮ وﻫﻮ ﻣـﺎ ﻳﺘﻮاﻓـﻖ ﻣـﻊ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻌﺎت ﺑﺄن اﻷﻗـﺮاص اﻟﻜﺒـ ة ذات اﻷذرع اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﺮق ﻣﻠﻴﺎرات اﻟﺴﻨ ﻟﺘﺘﺸﻜﻞ . وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺪ اﻛﺘﺸﻔﺖ ﻋﺎ ﺔ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ا ﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﻴﻨﺎ وﻳﻠﻴﺎﻣﺰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﱪ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب اﻟـﺬي ـــ ﺗﻤﻮﻟﻪ ا ﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠـﻮم اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴـﺔ ﻣﺠﺮة ﺣﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ ﻧﺎﺿﺠﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣـﺪﻫﺶ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻣﻠﻴﺎر ﻋﺎم ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر اﻟﻌﻈـﻴﻢ . ﻫـﺬه ﻫﻲ أﺑﻌﺪ وأﻗﺪم ﻣﺠﺮة ﺣﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓـﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜـﻮن . اﻛﺘُﺸـﻔﺖ ﻫــﺬه ا ﺠـﺮة، ا ﺴــﻤﺎة ) زوﻟﻮﻧــﻎ ( ﻳ واﻻﺳـﻢ ﺗ ﻌﻨـﻲ ﻨـ اﻟﺸـﻌﻠﺔ ﰲ اﻷﺳﺎﻃ اﻟﺼـﻴﻨﻴﺔ وﻫـﻮ ﻣﺨ ﻠـﻮق ﻣـﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻮء واﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﻛﺠـﺰء ﻣـﻦ ا ﺴـﺢ ــــ اﻟﺒﺎﻧﻮراﻣﻲ ﻳ. ﺠﺮى ﻫﺬا ا ـ ﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﴩوع ﺑﺎ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﺲ وﻳﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ وﻳﺸـﺎرك ﰲ ﻗﻴﺎدﺗﻪ وﻳﻠﻴﺎﻣﺰ وﺑﺎﺳ ﻜﺎل أوش ﻣـﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﺔ . ﺟﻨﻴﻒ ﻛﺎن اﻟـﺪاﻓﻊ وراء اﻟﺒﺤـﺚ ﻫـﻮ ﺑﻨـﺎء ﻣﺴﺢ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮي ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ ﻻﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎل ا ﺴﻮﺣﺎت ا ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ا ﺴﺘﻨﺪة إﱃ ﻣﺨﺘﱪ ﻧ ﻮﻳﺮﻻب ﻣﺜﻞ ا ﺴـﺢ اﻹرﺛـﻲ اﻟﻘـﺎدم ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺎن واﻟﺰﻣﺎن ) LSST ( واﻟﺬي ﺳﻴﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاؤه ــ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ - ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ 2 0 2 5 PANORAMIC/ COSMOS-WEBB