Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2026 ARABIC VERSION

MAY-JUNE2026 time the cold gas across this whole region has beenexploredinsuchde- tail.Theregionfeatured in the new image spans more than 650 light- years. It harbours dense clouds of gas and dust, surrounding the super- massiveblackholeatthe centreofourgalaxy. “Itis theonlygalacticnucleus closeenoughtoEarthfor us to study in such fine detail,” saysBarnes.The dataset reveals the CMZ like never before, from gas structures dozens of light-yearsacrossallthe way down to small gas clouds around individual stars. The gas that ACES — the ALMA CMZExploration Survey—specificallyex- plores is cold molecular gas. The survey unpacks theintricatechemistryof the CMZ, detecting doz- ens of different mole- cules, from simple ones suchassiliconmonoxide tomorecomplexorganic oneslikemethanol,ace- tone or ethanol. Coldmoleculargasflows along filamentsfeeding intoclumpsofmatterout of which stars can grow. In the outskirts of the Milky Way we know how thisprocesshappens,but withinthecentralregion the events are much moreextreme. “TheCMZ hosts some of the most massive stars known in our galaxy, many of which live fast and die young,endingtheirlives in powerful supernova explosions,andevenhy- pernovae,” says ACES leader Steve Longmore, a professor of astrophysics at Liverpool John Moores University, UK. With ACES, astronomers hopetobetterunder- standhowthesephe- nomenainfluencethe birthofstarsandwheth- erourtheoriesofstarfor- mation hold in extreme environments. “Bystudy- inghowstarsarebornin theCMZ,wecanalso gain a clearer picture of howgalaxiesgrewand evolved,” Longmoreadds. “Webelievetheregion shares many features withgalaxiesintheearly Universe, where stars wereforminginchaotic, extremeenvironments.” Tocollectthisnewda- taset,astronomersused ALMA, which is operated byESOandpartnersin Chile’sAtacamaDesert.In fact,thisisthefirsttime suchalargeareahas beenscannedwiththis facility,makingthisthe largestALMAimageever. Seen in the sky, the mo- saic—obtainedbystitch- ingtogethermanyin- dividualobservationslike puttingpuzzlepiecesto- gether—isaslongas threefullMoonsside-by- side. “Weanticipateda highlevelofdetailwhen designingthesurvey,but weweregenuinelysur- prisedbythecomplexity and richness revealed in thefinalmosaic,” says Katharina Immer, an ALMA astronomer at ESO whoisalsopartofthe project.  ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 14 ﺗ ﻀــﻴﻒ ﺑ ـﺎرﻧﺰ :» إﻧﻬ ـﺎ اﻟﻨ ـﻮاة ا ﺠﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﻴـﺪة اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻷرض ﺑﻤ ـﺎ ﻳﻜﻔ ـﻲ ﻟﺪراﺳـﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻬﺬه اﻟﺪﻗﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ « . ﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ا ﻨﻄﻘـﺔ اﻟﺠﺰﻳ ﺌﻴﺔ ا ﺮﻛﺰ ﻳﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗُﺮَ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺪء ا ﻣـﻦ ﺗﺮاﻛﻴـﺐ ﻏ ﺎزﻳـﺔ ﺗﻤﺘﺪ ﻟﻌﴩات اﻟﺴﻨ اﻟﻀـﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻻً وﺻﻮ إﱃ ﺳﺤﺐ ﺻ ﻐ ة ﺗﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻔﺮدﻳﺔ . ﻳﺮﻛـ ﺰ ﻣﺴـﺢ اﻳﺴﺰ وﻫـﻮ ﻣﺴـﺢ اﺳﺘﻜﺸـﺎﰲ ﻟ ﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟــﺠﺰﻳﺌﻴﺔ ا ﺮﻛﺰﻳـﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺼـﻔﻮﻓﺔ أ ـ ﺎ ﻋـﲆ اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻲ اﻟﺒـﺎرد ﺗﺤﺪﻳـﺪ . اً ﻳﻜﺸﻒ ﻫﺬا ا ﺴﺢ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻤﻴـﺎء ﻣﻌﻘﺪة داﺧﻞ ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗـﻢ رﺻــﺪ ﻋــ ـ ﴩات اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌــﺎت ا ﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﺑــﺪءًا ﻣـﻦ ﺟﺰﻳﺌ ـﺎت ﺑﺴـﻴﻄﺔ ﻣﺜـﻞ أﺣـﺎدي أﻛﺴـﻴﺪ اﻟﺴﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮن، وﺻﻮﻻً إﱃ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﻋﻀ ـﻮﻳﺔ أﻛﺜــﺮ ﺗﻌﻘﻴ ـﺪًا ﻣﺜ ـﻞ ا ﻴﺜﺎﻧﻮل واﻷﺳﻴﺘﻮن واﻹﻳﺜﺎﻧﻮل . ﻳﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻲ اﻟﺒﺎرد ﻋﱪ ﺧﻴﻮط ﻟﻴﻐﺬي ﺗﺠﻤﻌﺎت ﻣﺎدﻳـﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻨﻤﻮ ﻣﻨﻬـﺎ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم . ﻔﻳ ﻬﻢ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺎت ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ ﰲ أﻃـﺮاف ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨـ ﺎ ﻟﻜﻦ داﺧـﻞ ا ﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ا ﺮﻛﺰﻳـﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟ ﻈـﺮوف أﻛﺜـﺮ ﺗﻄﺮﻓًـﺎ . ﻳﻘﻮل ﺳـﺘﻴﻒ ﻟﻮﻧﻐﻤـﻮر ﻗﺎﺋـﺪ ﻣﴩوع أﻳﺴﺰ وأﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠ ﻜﻴــﺔ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌــﺔ ﻟﻴﻔﺮﺑــﻮل ﺗﺤﺘﻀ ": ﺟﻮن ﻣﻮرز ﻦ ا ﻨﻄﻘـﺔ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻴﺔ ا ﺮﻛﺰﻳـﺔ ﺑﻌﻀـ ﻣـﻦ ﺎً أﺿــﺨﻢ اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم ا ﻌﺮوﻓــﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻨﺎ ﻣﺠﺮ وﻛﺜ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﺣﻴﺎة ﴎﻳﻌ ـﺔ وﻳﻨ ﺘﻬ ـﻲ ﺑﺎﻧﻔﺠـﺎرات ﻣﺴـﺘﻌﺮات ﻋﻈﻤـﻰ ﻗﻮﻳـﺔ ﺑـﻞ وﺣﺘﻰ . " ﻫﺎﻳﱪﻧﻮﻓﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼل ﻫﺬا ا ﺴﺢ ﻳﺄﻣﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﰲ ﻓﻬﻢ أﻓﻀــﻞ ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴــﺔ ﺗــﺄ ﺛ ﻫــﺬه اﻟﻈﻮاﻫﺮ ﻋﲆ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم وﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻮّن اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﺗﺼـﻤﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺜـﻞ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﺗﺼـﻤﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺜـﻞ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺒﻴﺌــﺎت اﻟﻘﺎﺳــﻴﺔ . وﻳﻀــﻴﻒ ﻟﻮﻧﻐﻤﻮر :» ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼل دراﺳـﺔ وﻻدة اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﰲ ﻫـﺬ ه ا ﻨﻄﻘـﺔ، ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨـﺎ أﻳﻀًـﺎ اﻟﺤﺼـﻮل ﻋـﲆ ﺻـﻮر ة أوﺿــﺢ ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﻧﻤــﻮ وﺗﻄـﻮر ا ﺠـﺮات إذ ﻧﻌﺘﻘـﺪ أن ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ إﱃ ﺣـﺪ ﻛﺒـ ا ﺠﺮات ﰲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺎت اﻟﻜﻮن ﺣﻴـﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﰲ ﻇﺮوف ﻓﻮﺿﻮﻳﺔ وﺷـ ﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺘﻄـﺮف « . ﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت اﺳـﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ أ ـﺎ ا ﻟﻮاﻗـﻊ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺮاء أﺗﺎﻛﺎﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺗﺸﻴﲇ واﻟﺬي ﻳ ﺪار ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ا ﺮﺻـﺪ اﻷوروﺑـﻲ اﻟﺠﻨــﻮﺑﻲ وﴍﻛﺎﺋــﻪ ﰲ اﻃــﺎر ﺗﻌﺎون ﻋﻠﻤﻲ دوﱄ واﺳﻊ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق ﻳﻀﻢ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﺎت ﺑﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة وﻳﻌﺰز ﺗﺒﺎدل اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت واﻟﺨﱪات ﺑ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺣـﻮل اﻟﻌـﺎﻟﻢ ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﻌﺎون ﰲ ﺗﻄـﻮﻳﺮ أدوات اﻟﺮﺻـﺪ وﺗﺤﺴـ دﻗــﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳــﺎت اﻟﻔ ﻠ ﻜﻴــﺔ وﺗﻌﺰﻳــﺰ ﻓﻬﻤﻨﺎ ﻟﻠ ﺒﻴﺌﺎت اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ ا ﻌﻘﺪة . ﺗ ﻌﺪ ﻫﺬه ا ـﺮة اﻷوﱃ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻳـﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺢ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ واﺳﻌﺔ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻫـﺬا ا ﺮﺻـﺪ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ أﻛـﱪ ﺻـﻮرة ﻋـﲆ اﻹﻃﻼق ﺮﺻﺪ أ ﺎ وﻋﻨﺪ ﻋـﺮض ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼـﻮرة ﰲ اﻟﺴـﻤﺎء ﻓـﺈن اﻟﻔﺴﻴﻔﺴﺎء اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ واﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗـﻢ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل دﻣﺞ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷرﺻﺎد ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗُ ﺮﻛّـﺐ ﻗﻄـﻊ اﻷﺣﺠﻴﺔ ﺗﻤﺘـﺪ ﺑﻄـﻮل ﻳﻌـﺎ دل ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﻗﻤﺎر ﻣﻜﺘﻤﻠـﺔ ﻣﺘﺠـﺎورة وﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﻮﺿﻮح ﻣﺬﻫﻞ . ﺗﺨﺘﺘﻢ ﻋﺎ ﺔ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻛﺎﺛﺮﻳﻦ اﻳﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ا ﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑـﻲ اﻟﺠﻨـﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻬﺎ :» ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﺘﻮﻗـﻊ ﻣﺴـﺘﻮى ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﺬا ا ﺴﺢ ﻟﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺗﻔﺎﺟﺄﻧﺎ ﺣﻘـﺎ ﺑﻤـﺪى اﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴـﺪ واﻟﻐﻨـﻰ اﻟـﺬي ﻛﺸﻔﺘﻪ اﻟﺼ ﻮرة ا ﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴ .ﺔ ﻮت ﻧﺠﻢ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺒﺪو أن ﻧﺠﻤﺎً ﺿﺨﻤًﺎ ﺗﻈﻬـــﺮ ﻫـــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼـــﻮرة ـــﺔ ﺗﻮز ـــﻊ ﺟﺰ ﺌـــﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔـــﺔ ﻓـــﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘـــﺔ اﻟـــ اﻟﻤﺮﻛ ـ ﺠﺰ ﺌ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ـﺔ ﻟﻤﺠـﺮة در اﻟﺘ ﺎﻧـﺔ . ﺑﻮاﺳــﻄﺔ ﻣﺼـﻔﻮﻓﺔ أﺗﺎ ﺎﻣـﺎ اﻟﻜﺒـ ة ا ﻟﻤﻠ ﻤ ــﺔ دون اﻟﻤﻠ ﻤ ــــﺔ أﻟﻤــــﺎ ) ( ﺠــــﺰء ﻣــــﻦ ﻣﺴــــﺢ اﺳﺘ ﻜﺸــــﺎف اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘــــﺔ اﻟــــ ـ ﺠﺰ ﺌ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ــــﺔ أو ﻣﺴﺢ ا ﺴﺰ رﺳﻢ اﻟﺬ ﺧﺮﻄﺔ ﻟﺘﻮز ﻊ ﻋﺸﺮات اﻟ ـ ﺠﺰ ﺌﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻣﺠﺮﻨﺎ ﻧ. ﻌﺮض ﻫﻨـــﺎ ﻤﺴــــﺔ ﻣﻨﻬــــﺎ ﻣـــﻦ اﻷﻋﻠــــﻰ إﻟــــ : ﻰ اﻷﺳــــﻔﻞ ــــﺪ اﻟﻜﺮــــﻮن ﻛ ﺘ أﺣـــﺎد و ﻤــــﺾ اﻷﻳﺰ ـــــــــــــﺖ أﻛﺴـــــــــــــ ﺪ اﻟﻜ أﻛﺴـــــــــــــ ﺪ اﻟﺴـــــــــــــ ﻠﻴ ﻮن وأﺣـــــــــــــﺎد وﺳـــــــــــــ ﺎﻧ ﻚ وأﺣـــــــــــــﺎد وﺳ ﺎﻧﻮأﺳ ﺘ ﻠ . [ALMA(ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/S. Longmore et al.] - ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 6