Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2026 ARABIC VERSION

his stunning image from the NASA/ESAHubbleSpaceTele- scoperevealsadramaticinter- play of lightand shadow inthe Egg Nebula,sculptedbyfreshlyejected stardust. Located approximately 1,000 light-years away in the con- stellation Cygnus, the Egg Nebula featuresacentralstarobscuredbya dense cloud of dust. Only Hubble’s sharpness can unveil the intricate details that hint at the processes shaping this enigmatic structure. The Egg Nebula, also known as CRL 2688, is located in the constellation Cygnus (the Swan). It is the first, youngest, and closest pre-planetary nebula ever discovered. TheEggNebulaoffersarareoppor- tunitytotesttheoriesoflate-stage stellarevolution.Atthisearlyphase, thenebulashinesbyreflectinglight fromitscentralstar,whichescapes through a polar “eye” in the sur- rounding dust. This light emerges fromadustydiscexpelledfromthe star’s surface just a few hundred years ago. Twin beams from the dying star illuminate fast-moving polar lobes that pierce a slower, olderseriesofconcentricarcs.Their shapesandmotionssuggestgravita- tionalinteractionswithoneormore hidden companion stars, all buried deep within the thick disc of star- dust. Stars like our Sun shed their outerlayersastheyexhausttheirhy- drogen and helium fuel. The ex- posed core becomes so hot that it ionisessurroundinggas,creatingthe glowing shells seen in planetary nebulaesuchastheHelix,Stingray, andButterflynebulae.However,the compactEggNebulaisstillinabrief transitional phase — known as the pre-planetarystage—thatlastsonly afewthousandyears.Thismakesit an ideal time to study the ejection processwhiletheforensicevidence remains fresh. The symmetrical patterns captured byHubblearetooorderlytoresult from a violent explosion like a su- pernova. Instead, the arcs, lobes, and central dust cloud likely stem fromacoordinatedseriesofpoorly understoodsputteringeventsinthe carbon-enriched core of the dying star. Aged stars like these forged and released the dust that eventu- allyseededfuturestarsystems,such asourownsolarsystem,whichcoa- lesced into Earth and other rocky planets 4.5 billion years ago. HubblehasturnedtowardstheEgg Nebula before. A first visible-light image from WFPC2 was comple- mented in 1997 by a near-infrared NICMOS image, giving a closer look atthelightgivenoffbythenebula. In 2003, ACS yielded a new view of the Egg, showing the full extent of theripplesofdustaroundit.Afur- therimagefromHubble’sWFC3in- strument in 2012 zoomed in on the centraldustcloudanddramaticgas outflows.Thisnewimagecombines the data used to create the 2012 image with additional observations from the same programme to de- livertheclearestlookyetatthisin- tricate cosmic egg. The data used in this image was ob- tained so it could be directly com- pared with earlier observations. Hubble’s high resolution enables as- tronomers to study how small de- tails in the nebula’s dusty shell have evolved over the past decade and more, by comparing new and old images. This research contributes to better scientific models of planetary nebulae, allowing astronomers to accurately compute the evolution of all kinds of similar stellar outbursts. Being able to revisit a remarkable celestial treasure like the Egg Neb- ula over the decades is a benefit of the Hubble Space Telescope’s trove ofqualitydata.Withitsbroad range of abilities and its now over thirty-five years of operation, it is truly unique among astronomical observatories.     MAY-JUNE2026 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 11 ﺗﻜﺸـﻒ ﻫــﺬه اﻟﺼــﻮرة ا ﺬﻫﻠ ـﺔ ا ﻠﺘﻘﻄــﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺗ ﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑـﻞ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳﺎ و وﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻋـﻞ دراﻣﻲ ﺑ اﻟﻀﻮء واﻟﻈﻞ داﺧﻞ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺔ واﻟﺬي ﺷﻜ ﻠﺘﻪ ﺳﺤﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺒﺎر ﻧﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﻘﺬوف . ﺣﺪﻳﺜًﺎ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ ﻋـﲆ ﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﺒﻠـﻎ ﻧﺤﻮ 1000 ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﺔ اﻟﺪﺟﺎﺟـﺔ وﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ ﻧﺠﻢ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰي ﻣ ﺤﺠـﻮب ﺧﻠـﻒ ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻛﺜﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر وﻻ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ ﻛﺸـﻒ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸـ إﱃ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺎت اﻟﺘ ﻠﺖ ﻲ ﺷﻜ ﻫﺬا اﻟﱰﻛﻴﺐ اﻟﻐﺎﻣﺾ إﻻ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ اﻟﺪﻗﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑﻞ . ﻳ ﻌﺮف ﺳﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺔ أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ CRL 2688 وﻳ ﻌﺪ أول وأﺻـﻐﺮ وأﻗـ ﺮب ﺳـﺪﻳﻢ ﻣـﺎ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻲ ﺗـﻢ اﻛﺘﺸـﺎﻓﻪ وﻳـﻮﻓﺮ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺴـﺪﻳﻢ ﻓﺮﺻــﺔ ﻧ ـﺎدرة ﻻﺧﺘﺒ ـﺎر ﻧﻈﺮﻳ ـﺎت ا ﺮاﺣـ ﻞ ا ﺘﺄﺧﺮة ﻣﻦ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﻨﺠﻮم . ﰲ ﻫـﺬه ا ﺮﺣﻠـﺔ ا ﺒﻜﺮة ﻳﺴـﻄﻊ اﻟﺴـﺪﻳﻢ ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼل ﻋ ﻜـﺲ اﻟﻀﻮء اﻟﺼﺎدر ﻣـﻦ ﻧﺠﻤـﻪ ا ﺮﻛـﺰي واﻟـﺬي ـﻳﺘ "ﻋ" ﴪب ﻋﱪ ﻗﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر ا ﺤﻴﻂ . وﻳﺨﺮج ﻫﺬا اﻟﻀﻮء ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮص ﻏﺒـﺎري ﻗُـﺬف ﻣﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﻀﻊ ﻣﺌﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻨ . ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺣﺰم ﻣﺰدوﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ا ﺤﺘﴬ ﺑﺈﺿﺎءة ﻓﺼـﻮص ﻗﻄﺒﻴـﺔ ﴎﻳﻌـﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛـﺔ ﺗﺨـﱰق ﺳﻠ ﺴـﻠﺔ أﺑﻄـﺄ وأﻗـﺪم ﻣـﻦ أﻗـﻮاس ﻣﱰاﻛﺰة وﺗﺸ أﺷﻜﺎل ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒﻨﻰ وﺣﺮﻛﺎﺗﻬﺎ إﱃ وﺟﻮد ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻼت ﺟﺎذﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻧﺠـﻢ أو أﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ا ﺮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻏـ ا ﺮﺋﻴـﺔ وا ﺪﻓﻮﻧـﺔ ﻋﻤﻴﻘًﺎ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻘـﺮص اﻟﻜﺜﻴـﻒ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐﺒـﺎر اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ . اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ا ﺸـﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﻟﻠﺸـﻤﺲ ﺗﻔﻘـﺪ ﻃﺒﻘ ﺎﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﻨﻔﺎد وﻗ ﻮدﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴــﺪروﺟ واﻟﻬﻴﻠﻴــﻮم و ﺗ اﻟﻨــﻮاة ﺼــﺒﺢ ا ﻜﺸﻮﻓ ﺔ ةﺷﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أﻧﻬ ﺆﻳﻦ ﺗـ ﺎ اﻟﻐﺎز ا ﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺸﻜﻠً ﺻﺪاف ﻷ ا ﺔ ا ﺘﻮﻫﺠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُﺮى ﰲ اﻟﺴﺪم اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﺤﻠـﺰون وﺳﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﺮاي اﻟﻠﺴﺎع وﺳﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﻔﺮاﺷﺔ . وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن ﺳﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺔ ﻻ ﻳ ﺰال ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻗﺼ ة ﺗ ﻌﺮف ﺑ ﺎﺳﻢ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒـﻞ اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻲ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﺒﻀـﻌﺔ آﻻف ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻨ ﻓﻘﻂ وﻫﺬا ﻳﺠﻌﻠـﻪ وﻗﺘـ ﺎً ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻴـﺎً ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻗﺬف ا ﺎدة ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺰال اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ وواﺿﺤﺔ . ﺗﺸ اﻷﻧﻤﺎط ا ﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ اﻟﺘﻘﻄﻬﺎ ﻫﺎﺑـﻞ إﱃ درﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﺘ ﻈﺎم ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﻋـﻦ اﻧﻔﺠﺎر ﻋﻨﻴﻒ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺴـﻮﺑﺮﻧﻮﻓﺎ . وﺑـﺪﻻً ﻣـﻦ - ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 6 اﻧﻔﺠﺎر ﻋﻨﻴﻒ ﻣﺜﻞ ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮ اﻷﻋﻈﻢ وﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ ذﻟــﻚ ﻓﻤــﻦ ا ــﺮﺟﺢ أن ﺗﻜــﻮن اﻷﻗــﻮاس واﻟﻔﺼﻮص وﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر ا ﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻧﺎﺗﺠـﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺣﺪاث اﻟﻘﺬف ﻏ ا ﻔﻬﻮﻣـﺔ ﻧﻮاة ﺟﻴﺪًا ﰲ اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻐﻨـﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن أﺛﻨـﺎء اﺣﺘﻀﺎره . ﻟﻘﺪ أﻧﺘﺠﺖ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ا ﺴﻨﺔ ﻣﺜـﻞ ﻫـﺬا اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻲ اﻟﺬي أُﻃﻠﻖ ﻻﺣﻘًﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء، واﻟﺬي ﺷـﻜّﻞ اﻟﺒـﺬور اﻷوﱃ ﻷﻧﻈﻤـﺔ ﻧﺠﻤﻴـﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ، ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﴘ، اﻟﺬي ﺗﻜﻮّن ﻣﻨ ـﻪ ﻛﻮﻛ ـﺐ اﻷرض واﻟﻜﻮاﻛ ـﺐ اﻟﺼـﺨﺮﻳﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى ﻗﺒﻞ ﻧﺤﻮ ٤.٥ ﻣﻠﻴﺎر ﺳﻨﺔ . ﺳﺒﻖ ﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫ ﺎﺑﻞ أن وﺟّـﻪ ﻧﻈـﺮه ﻧﺤـﻮ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺔ ﻋﺪة ﻣﺮات اﻟﺘ : ﻘﻄﺖ أول ﺻﻮرة ﰲ اﻟﻀﻮء ا ﺮﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام أداة WFPC2 وﰲ ﻋﺎم 1997 أﺿﻴﻔﺖ ﺻﻮرة ﰲ اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒـﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳـﻄﺔ NICMOS ﻣﻤـﺎ أﺗﺎح رؤﻳﺔ أدق ﻟﻠﻀﻮء ا ﻨﺒﻌﺚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ . وﰲ ﻋﺎم 2003 ، ﻗﺪﻣﺖ أداة ACS رؤﻳﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة أﻇﻬﺮت اﻻﻣﺘـ ﺪاد اﻟﻜﺎﻣـﻞ ﻟﺘﻤﻮﺟـﺎت اﻟﻐﺒـﺎر ا ﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺪﻳﻢ وﰲ ﻋﺎم 2012 رﻛـﺰت أداة WFC3 ﻋ ـﲆ اﻟﺴ ـﺤﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻐﺒﺎرﻳ ـﺔ ا ﺮﻛﺰﻳ ـﺔ وﺗﺪﻓﻘﺎت اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﺪراﻣﻴﺔ . أﻣﺎ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﻓﻬـﻲ ﺗﺠﻤـﻊ ﺑـ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺻﻮرة ﻋﺎم 2012 وﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻧﻔﺴ ﻪ، ﻟﺘﻘﺪم أوﺿﺢ رؤﻳﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن ﻟﻬﺬ " ه اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺔ اﻟﻜ " ﻮﻧﻴﺔ ا ﻌﻘﺪة . ﺗﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺘﻬـﺎ ﻣﺒـﺎﴍة ﻣـﻊ ا ﻷرﺻـﺎد اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ وﺗﺘﻴﺢ اﻟﺪﻗﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ دراﺳﺔ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻـﻴﻞ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﻐ ﺒﺎري ﻟﻠﺴﺪﻳﻢ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺪى أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻘﺪ وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﺼﻮر اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ وا ﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة . ﻳﺴـﺎﻫﻢ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺒﺤـﺚ ﰲ ﺗﺤﺴـ اﻟﻨﻤ ـﺎذج اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﺪم اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء ﻣﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب ﺗﻄﻮر ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ أﻧﻮاع اﻻﻧﻔﺠـﺎرات اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ أﻛﱪ . ﻛﻤﺎ أن اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﲆ إﻋﺎدة رﺻﺪ ﻫﺪف ﺳﻤﺎوي ﻣﻤﻴﺰ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺔ ﻋﱪ ﻋﻘﻮد ﺗ ﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻫﻢ ﻣﺰاﻳﺎ أرﺷﻴﻒ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻐﻨﻲ ﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑﻞ . اﻟﻴﻮم وﺑﻌﺪ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 35 ﻣـﻦ ﺎً ﻋﺎﻣ اﻟﺘﺸـﻐﻴﻞ وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻗﺪراﺗﻪ اﻟﻮاﺳﻌﺔ ﻳﻈﻞ ﻫﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ اً اً ﺪﻓﺮﻳ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻪ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ . ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟ ـ ﻤﻌﺎﻟـ ﺠﺔ ﺣـﺪ ﺜﺎُ ﻣـﻦ ﺗﻠﺴـــــــــ ﻮبﻫﺎﺑـــــــــﻞ اﻟﻔﻀـــــــــﺎﺋﻲﻫــــــــــﻲ اﻵن ﻟﺴــــــــــﺪ ﻢ أوﺿـــــــــﺢ ﺻــــــــــﻮرة ﺣــــــــــ ــﻮﻛ اﻟﺒ ﻀــﺔ وﻫـﻮ ﺳــﺪ ﻢ ﻣـﺎ ﻗﺒــﻞ ـــﻮن ــﺎرﺗﺘ ــﺔ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﻐــﺎزواﻟﻐ وﻫــﻮ ﻨ ـــﻢﺷـــﺒ ﮫ ﺎﻟﺸـــﻤﺲ ﻧ ﻋﻨـــﺪﻣﺎ ﻘـــ ــﺔ ﺣ ﺎﺗـﮫ ﻣـﻦ ﻧﻬﺎ . ﻧﺮاﻫـﺎ اﻟﺒ ﻀــﺔ اﻟـ ـﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﺸــﻒ اﻵنﺳـﺘﻔﻘﺲﻓـﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎ ﻋــﻦ ﻗــﺰم أﺑــ ﺾﻓــﻲﻣﺮﻛﺰﻫــﺎ وﺗــ ك ﻗﺸﺮﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺼﺒ ﺢ ﺳﺪ ﻤﺎً . ﻮﻛﺒ ًﺎ [ESA/Hubble & NASA, B. Balick(University of Washington)