Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2025 ARABIC VERSION

9 Compared to our Sun, which at about 4.6 billion years old is in a stable phase of its life, the stars in RCW 38 are still very young. At less than a million years old, RCW38containssome2000stars, creating this psychedelic landscape. This young star cluster is bustling withactivity,whichmakesitanin- teresting target for astronomers to observe.Starclustersarelikegiant pressurecookers,containingallthe ingredients for star formation: densegascloudsandopaqueclumps ofcosmicdust.Whenthismixtureof gasanddustcollapsesunderitsown gravity, a star is born. The strong radiation coming from these newborn stars makes the gas that encompasses the star cluster glow brightly, creating the pink hues we see here in RCW 38. It’s truly a spectacular sight! Yet in visible light many stars in the RCW 38 cluster re- main hidden from us, because dust blocks our view of them. ThatiswheretheVISTAtelescope,at ESO’sParanalObservatory,comesin: its VIRCAM camera observes in- frared light which, unlike visible light, can go through dust almost unimpeded, revealing the trueriches of RCW 38. Suddenly, we also see young stars within dusty co- coons,orcold‘failed’starsknownas brown dwarfs. This infrared image was taken during the VISTA Vari- ablesintheVíaLáctea(VVV)survey, which has produced the most de- tailed infrared map of our home galaxy ever made. Surveys like this reveal as yet un- knownastronomicalobjects,orgive us a new view of known ones. Since this image was taken, VISTA’s faithful VIRCAM camera, which has conducted numerous imaging sur- veys since 2008, has retired after an impressive run. Later this year, the telescope will receive a brand new instrumentcalled4MOST,whichwill gather the spectra of 2400 ob- jects at once over a large area ofthe sky. As VISTA is born again, the futurelooksbright.  ﺻــــــﻮرة ﺪﻗــــــﺔ 80 ﻣﻠﻴــــــﻮن ﻜﺴــــــﻞ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﻘــــــﻮد اﻟﻨ ﻤـﻲ RCW 38 اﻟـﺬ ﻳ ﻌـﺪ ﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺔ 5500 ـــﺔ اﻟﺸــــﺮاع ﺳـــﻨﺔ ﺿـــﻮﺋ ﺔ ﻓــــﻲ ﻮﻛ . RCW 38 ﻳﺤﺘـــﻮيﻋﻠـــﻰﺣـــﻮاﻟﻲ ـــﺎرة ﻋـــﻦ ﻋﻨﻘـــﻮد ﻓـــ ﻋ 2000 ـــــــﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـــــــﻮ ـــــــﻢ و ﻌـــــــﺞ ﻨﺸـــــــﺎط ﺗ ﻧ . م [ESO/VVVX survey] ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 9 ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻤﺲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎ ﺣـﻮاﱄ 4.6 ﻣﻠﻴﺎر ﺳﻨ ﺔ وﻫﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮة ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻓـﺈن اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﰲ RCW 38 ل ﻻ ﺗـﺰا ﺻﻐ ة ﺟﺪًا إذ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺳﻨﺔ وﺗﺤﺘﻮي RCW 38 ﻋﲆ ﺣﻮاﱄ 2000 ﻧﺠـﻢ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺨﻠﻖ ﻫﺬا ا ﺸﻬﺪ اﻟﴪﻳﺎﱄ . ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺨﻠﻖ ﻫﺬا ا ﺸﻬﺪ اﻟﴪﻳﺎﱄ . ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ اﻟﺸﺎب ﻳﻌﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺸﺎط ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠـﻪ ﻫﺪﻓًﺎً اً ﻣﺜ ﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﻟﺮﺻـﺪه . ﺗُﺸﺒﻪ اﻟ ﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﻃﻨـﺎﺟﺮ ﺿـﻐﻂ ﻋﻤﻼﻗﺔ إذ ﺗﺤﺘـﻮي ﻋـﲆ ﺟﻤﻴـﻊ ا ﻜﻮﻧـﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣـﺔ ﻟﺘﻜـ ﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم : ﺳـﺤﺐ ﻏﺎزﻳـﺔ اﻟﻼزﻣـﺔ ﻟﺘﻜـﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم : ﺳـﺤﺐ ﻏﺎزﻳـﺔ ﻛﺜﻴﻔﺔ وﺗﻜﺘﻼت ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر اﻟﻜـﻮﻧﻲ وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻬﺎر ﻫﺬا اﻟﺨﻠﻴﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز وا ﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛ ﺟﺎذﺑﻴﺘﻪ اﻟﺬاﺗﻴﺔ ﻳﻮﻟﺪ ﻧﺠﻢ . اﻹﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﻘﻮي ا ﻨﺒﻌﺚ ﻣـﻦ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ اﻟﻮﻻدة ﻳﺠﻌـﻞ اﻟﻐـﺎز اﻟـﺬي ﻳﺤـﻴﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻌﻨﺎﻗﻴﺪ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﻳﺘﻮﻫﺞ ﺑ ﺸـﻜﻞ ﺳـﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺨﻠﻖ درﺟﺎت اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﻮردي اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺮاﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ ﰲ RCW 38 . إﻧﻪ ﻣﺸـﻬﺪ ﻣـﺬﻫﻞ ﺣﻘـﺎً وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﻀﻮء ا ﺮﺋﻲ ﻳ ﻈﻞ اﻟﻌﺪﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﰲ اﻟ ﻌﻨﻘﻮد RCW 38 ﺘﻣﺨ ﻔﻴـﺔ ﻋﻨـﺎ ﻷن اﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﻳﺤﺠﺐ رؤﻳﺘﻨﺎ ﻟﻬﺎ . ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ دور ﺗﻠ ﺴﻜﻮب ﻓﻴﺴﺘﺎ ا ﻮﺟﻮد ﰲ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﺑﺎراﻧـﺎل اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻓﻜـﺎﻣ ا ﻓ اﻛﺎم اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮاﻗـﺐ اﻟﻀـﻮء ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻷ ﺣﻤﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻋﲆ ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﻀﻮء ا ﺮﺋﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ اﺧﱰاق اﻟﻐﺒﺎر دون ﻋﻮاﺋﻖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒـﺎً ﺎً ﻛﺎﺷـﻔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺜﺮوات اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻟـ RCW 38 . ﻓﺠﺄة ﻧﺮى أﻳﻀ ﺎً ﻧﺠﻮﻣﺎً ﻓﺘﻴﺔ دا ﺧﻞ ﴍاﻧـﻖ ﻏﺒﺎرﻳﺔ أو ﻧﺠﻮﻣ ﻓﺎﺷـﻠﺔ "ﺎ " ﺑـﺎردة ﺗُﻌـﺮف ﺑﺎﺳﻢ اﻷﻗﺰام اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ا. ﻟﺘُﻘﻄﺖ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼـﻮرة ﺑﺎﻷﺷ ـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤ ـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤ ـﺮاء ﺧ ـﻼل ﻣﺴ ـﺢ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻓﻴﺴﺘﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐ ات ﰲ درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧـﺔ ) VVV ( واﻟــﺬي أﻧــﺘﺞ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄــﺔ اﻷﻛﺜــﺮ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻼً ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﺠﺮﺗﻨﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻹﻃـﻼق . ﺗﻜﺸـﻒ ﻣﺴـﻮﺣﺎت ﻛﻬـﺬه ﻋـﻦ أﺟ ﺴﺎم ﻓﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻏـ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓـﺔ ﺣﺘـﻰ اﻵن أو ﺗﻤﻨﺤﻨﺎ رؤﻳﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻷﺟﺴﺎم ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺔ . ﺪﺑﻌ اﻟﺘﻘﺎط ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺎﻣ ا اﻟﺘﻲ ﻓ ﻛﺎم ﻗﺪﻣﺖ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺴـﻮﺣﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋﺎم 2008 واﺣﻴﻠﺖ اﱃ اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻋﺪ وﰲ وﻗـﺖ ﻻﺣـﻖ ﻣـﻦ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻌـﺎم ﻮف ﺳـ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب أداة ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ﺎً ﺗُﺪﻋﻰ 4MOST واﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺘﺠﻤﻊ أﻃﻴﺎف 2400 ﺟﺮم ﺳﻤﺎوي ﰲ وﻗﺖ واﺣﺪ وﻣﻊ ﻋﻮدة ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻣ ﻓﻴﺴﺘﺎ ﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﺒﺪو ا ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﴩﻗ .ﺎً ﻣﺎﻳﻮ - ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 5