Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2025 ARABIC VERSION

MAY-JUNE2025 treme that we can observe it from Earth, even though it’s really far away,” says Gloudemans. “This ob- ject shows what we can discover by combining the power of multiple telescopes that operate at different wavelengths.” “When we started looking at this objectwewereexpectingthesouth- ern jet to just be an unrelated nearby source, and for most of it to besmall.Thatmadeitquite surpris- ingwhentheLOFARimagerevealed large, detailed radio structures,” saysFritsSweijen,postdoctoralre- searchassociateatDurhamUniver- sity and co-author of the paper. “The nature of this distant source makesitdifficulttodetectathigher radio frequencies, demonstrating thepowerofLOFARonitsownand its synergies with other instru- ments.” Scientistsstillhaveamultitudeof questions about how radio-bright quasars like J1601+3102 differ from other quasars. It remains unclear what circumstances are necessary to create such powerful radio jets, or when the first radio jets in the Uni- verse formed. Thanks to the collab- orative power of Gemini North, LOFAR and the Hobby Eberly Tele- scope, we are one step closer to un- derstanding the enigmatic early Universe.  50 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣ ﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﺴ ﻮ ﺎت اﻛﺘﺸﻒﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ أﻛ ﻧﻔﺜﺔ ﺔ رادﻳﻮ ﺎ ﻋُ ﻋﻠﻴﻬ ﻋﻠﻰ ا ﻹﻃﻼق ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﻮن اﻟﻤ ﻜﺮ ﺔﺜ اﻟﻨﻔ تﺣُﺪد . ﻷول ﻣﺮة ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻠﺴــ ﻮب اﻟــﺪوﻟﻲ ﻟﻤﺼــﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟــ ددات اﻟﻤ ﻨﺨﻔﻀــﺔ ﻟﻮﻓــﺎر ) ( ـﺎ ــﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸــﺮة ﻓــﻲ ﻤﻴــﻊ أﻧﺤـﺎء أورو وﻫــﻮ ﺷـ ﻜﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﺴـ ﻮ ﺎت اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ . ــﺎت رﺻــﺪ أُﺟﺮ ــﺖ ﻋﻤﻠ ﻻﺣﻘــﺔ ﻓــﻲ اﻷﺷــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤــﺖ اﻟــ ـ ﻟﻸﺷــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤــﺖ اﻟــ ــ ــﺎفﺟ ﻤ ــﺔ ﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻄ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮ ـ ــﺔ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮ ) ــﺎرس ( ﺟ ﻨ وﻓــﻲ اﻟﻤﺠــﺎل اﻟ ﺼــﺮي ﺎﺳــﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴــ ﻮب ﻫـﻮﺑﻲ إﻳ ﻟــﻲ، ﻟﺮﺳـﻢﺻــﻮرة ﺎﻣﻠـﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻔﺜــ ﺔ ـ اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ ﺔ ُﻨﺘﺠﻬــ ــﻮازار اﻟـﺬ واﻟ . ﺎ ﻟﻸﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤــﺖ اﻟـ ــ ـﺎفﺟ ﻤ ﻳُﺮﻛّــﺐ ﻣﻄ ـ ــﺔ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮ ) ـﺎرس ( ﺟ ﻨ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺗﻠﺴــ ﻮب اﻟﺸــــﻤﺎﻟﻲ ـــ ﺟ ﻤ وﻫــــﻮ ﺟــــﺰء ﻣــــﻦ ــــﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠــــﻮم و ُﺸــــﻐّﻠﮫ ﻣﺨﺘــــ ــــﺔ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻜ اﻟــــﺪوﻟﻲ ﺘﻤﻮﻳــــﻞ ﻣــــﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴــــﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨ ــــ ﻣﺮﺻــــﺪ ﺟ ﻤ ﻧــــﻮﻳﺮﻻب . اﻟﺼــــﻮرة اﻟ ﺼــــﺮ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﺿــﺔ ﻫﻨــﺎ ﻣــﺄﺧﻮذة ﻣــﻦ ﻣﺴــﺢ ) (DECa ﻫــﻮ وا و ﺣــﺪ ﻣــﻦ ﺛﻼﺛــﺔ ﻣﺴـﻮﺣﺎت ﻋﺎﻣــﺔ ﻤﻌــﺖ ﻣﻌــ ﺎً اً ﺻــﻮر ﻟﻤﺴــﺎﺣﺔ 14000 ــﺪ درﺟــﺔ ﻣﺮﻌــﺔ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﺴــﻤﺎء ﻟﺘﺤﺪ أﻫﺪاف ﻣﺴﺢ ﺟﻬﺎزاﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻄ ﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤﺔ ) DESI ـاﻟ( . ﺠﺎري [LOFAR/DECaLS/DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys/LBNL/DOE/CTIO/ NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/F. Sweijen (Durham University). Image processing: M. Zamani (NSF NOIRLab)] ﻳﻘﻮل ﻏﻠﻮدﻣﺎﻧﺰ " : ﻣﻦ ا ﺬﻫﻞ ﺣﻘًـﺎ رﺻـﺪه ﻣﻦ اﻷرض رﻏﻢ ﺑُﻌﺪه اﻟﻜﺒـ . ﻳُﻈﻬـﺮ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺠﺮم ﻣﺎ ﻳُﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺑ ﻗﻮة ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑـﺄﻃﻮال ﻣﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ." ﻳﻘﻮل ﻓﺮﻳﺘﺲ ﺳﻮﻳﺠ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ا ﺸـﺎرك ﰲ ﺑﺤﻮث ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮراه ﺑﺠﺎﻣﻌـﺔ دورﻫـﺎم وا ﺆﻟﻒ ا ﺸﺎرك ﰲ اﻟﺒﺤـﺚ : " ﻋﻨـﺪﻣﺎ ﺑـﺪأﻧﺎ ﺑﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠﺮم ﻛﻨـﺎ ﻧﺘﻮﻗـﻊ أن ﺗﻜـﻮن اﻟﻨﻔﺜﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﺠﺮد ﻣﺼﺪر ﻗﺮﻳـﺐ ﻏـ ذي ﺻﻠﺔ، وأن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﺻﻐ ًا . وﻫﺬا ذي ﺻﻠﺔ وأن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﺻﻐ اً وﻫـﺬا ﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻣُﻔﺎﺟﺌ ﺎً ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺸﻔﺖ ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻮﻓﺎر ) ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ( ﻋﻦ ﻫﻴﺎﻛﻞ را دﻳﻮﻳـﺔ ﻛﺒ ة وﻣُﻔﺼـﻠﺔ . إن ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﺔ ﻫـﺬا ا ﺼـﺪر اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺼـﻌﺐ اﻛﺘﺸـﺎﻓﻪ ﻋﻨـﺪ ﺗـﺮددات رادﻳﻮﻳـﺔ أﻋـﲆ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳُﻈﻬـﺮ ﻗـﻮة ﻟﻮﻓ ـﺎر ) ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ ( وﺗﻜﺎﻣﻠ ـﻪ ﻣ ـﻊ اﻷﺟﻬ ـﺰة اﻷﺧﺮى ." ﻻ ﻳـﺰال ﻋـﺪة ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء ﻳﻄﺮﺣـﻮن أﺳــﺌﻠﺔً ﻛﺜــ ةً ﺣــﻮل ﻛﻴﻔﻴــﺔ اﺧــﺘﻼف اﻟﻜﻮاز ارات ذات اﻟﺴﻄﻮع اﻟﺮادﻳـﻮي اﻟﻌـﺎﱄ ﻣﺜﻞ J1601+3102 ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﻮازارات اﻷﺧﺮى . ﻣﺜﻞ J1601+3102 ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﻮازارات اﻷﺧﺮى وﻻ ﻳﺰال ﻣﻦ ﻏ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻈـﺮوف اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﺜ ﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﻔﺜﺎت اﻟﺮادﻳﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﻮﻳــﺔ أو ﻣﺘــﻰ ﺗﺸــﻜﻠﺖ أوﱃ اﻟﻨﻔﺜــﺎت اﻟﺮادﻳﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن . ﺑﻔﻀﻞ اﻟﺘﻌﺎون ا ﺜﻤﺮ ﺑ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﻮرث اﻟﻘﻮي، وﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻟﻮﻓﺎر واﺳﻊ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق وﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫﻮﺑﻲ إﻳﱪﱄ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ أﺻﺒﺤﻨﺎ اﻵن أﻗﺮب ﺧﻄﻮةً ﻧﺤﻮ ﻓﻬﻢ أﴎار اﻟﻜﻮن ا ﺒﻜـﺮ اﻟﻐﺎﻣﺾ وﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻫﻴﺎﻛﻠﻪ اﻷوﱃ . ﻣﺎﻳﻮ - ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 5