Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2025 ARABIC VERSION

MAY-JUNE2025       The largest radio jet ever seen in the early Universe byNOIRLab − JosieFenske romdecadesofastronomical observationsscientistsknowthat most galaxies contain mas- siveblackholesattheircenters.The gasanddustfallingintotheseblack holesliberatesanenormousamount ofenergyasaresultoffriction, forming luminous galactic cores, calledquasars,thatexpeljetsofen- ergeticmatter.Thesejetscanbede- tected with radio telescopes up to largedistances.InourlocalUniverse theseradiojetsarenotuncommon, withasmallfractionbeingfoundin nearby galaxies, but they have re- mainedelusiveinthedistant,early Universe until now. Using a combination of telescopes, astronomershavediscoveredadis - tant,two-lobedradiojetthatspans an astonishing 200,000 light-years at least — twice the width of the Milky Way. This is the largest radio jet ever found this early in the his- tory of the Universe. The jet was first identified using the interna- tionalLowFrequencyArray(LOFAR) Telescope,anetworkofradiotele- scopes throughout Europe. Follow-upobservationsinthenear- infraredwiththeGeminiNear-In- ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 48 اﻛﺘﺸﺎف أﻛ ﻧﻔﺚرادﻳﻮي ﻓﻲ ﺪا ﺎت اﻟ ﻮن ﻌﺪ ﻋﻘﻮد ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء أن ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ا ﺠﺮات ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ ﺛﻘﻮبﺳﻮداء ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺮاﻛﺰﻫـﺎ . ﻳُﻄﻠـﻖ اﻟﻐـﺎز واﻟﻐﺒـﺎر ا ﺘﺴﺎﻗﻄﺎن ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء ﻛﻤﻴـﺔ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ اﻻﺣ ﺘﻜﺎك ﻣُﺸﻜﻠ أﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﺠﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻀـﻴﺌﺔ ﺗُﺴـﻤﻰ اﻟﻜـﻮازارات واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُﻄﻠﻖ ﻧﻔﺜـﺎت ﻣـﻦ ا ـﺎدة اﻟﻨﺸـﻄﺔ . ﻳﻤﻜ ـﻦ رﺻـﺪ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻨﻔﺜ ـﺎت ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﺮادﻳﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻛﺒ ة . واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُﻄﻠﻖ ﻧﻔﺜـﺎت ﻣـﻦ ا ـﺎدة اﻟﻨﺸـﻄﺔ . ﻳﻤﻜــﻦ رﺻـﺪ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻨﻔﺜــﺎت ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﺮادﻳﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻛﺒ . ة ﰲ ﻛﻮﻧﻨﺎ ا ﺤـﲇ، ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻨﻔﺜـ ﺎ ت اﻟﺮادﻳﻮﻳـﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻧﺎدرة، ﺣﻴﺚ وُﺟﺪ ﺟ ﺰء ﺻـﻐ ﻣﻨﻬـﺎ ﰲ ا ﺠﺮات اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻇﻠﺖ ﻏﺎﻣﻀـﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ ا ﺒﻜﺮ ﺣﺘـﻰ اﻵن . ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت اﻛﺘﺸـﻒ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻧﻔ ﺛًﺎً ﺎ ﺎً رادﻳﻮﻳ اً ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻔﺺ ﻳﻤﺘﺪ ﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺬﻫﻠ ﺔ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ 200,000 ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ - ﻋﲆ اﻷﻗﻞ أي ﺿﻌﻒ ﻋـﺮض ﻣﺠـﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ . ﻫﺬه أﻛﱪ ﻧﻔﺎﺛﺔ رادﻳﻮﻳـﺔ ﺗُﻜﺘﺸـﻒ : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺟﻮزي ﻓ ﻨﺴﻜﻲ – ﻣﺨﺘ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب ﻋﲆ اﻷﻗـﻞ أي ﺿـﻌﻒ ﻋـﺮض ﻣﺠـﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ . ﻫﺬه أﻛﱪ ﻧﻔﺎﺛﺔ رادﻳﻮﻳـﺔ ﺗُﻜﺘﺸـﻒ ﻋﲆ اﻹﻃﻼق ﰲ ﻫـﺬه ا ﺮﺣﻠـﺔ ا ﺒﻜـﺮة ﻣـﻦ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻜـﻮن . ﺣُـﺪدت اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛـﺔ ﻷول ﻣـﺮة ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب اﻟـﺪوﱄ ﺼـﻔﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﱰددات ا ﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻟﻮﻓﺎر ) ( وﻫﻮ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﺮادﻳﻮﻳﺔ ا ﻨ ـ ﺘﴩة ﰲ ﺟﻤﻴـﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء أوروﺑﺎ . أُﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت رﺻﺪ ﻻﺣﻘـﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒـﺔ ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻄﻴــﺎف ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨــﻲ ﻟﻸﺷــﻌﺔ ــــــــ اﻟﺒﴫـي ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﻣﺎﻳﻮ - ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 5