Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2025 ARABIC VERSION

MAY-JUNE2025 The technical analysis looked into otherimpactsfromtheproject,such astheincreaseinatmosphericturbu- lence, the effects of vibrations on the delicate telescope equipment, anddustcontaminationofthesen- sitive telescope optics during con- struction.Allofthesewouldfurther deepen the impact of INNA on Paranal’s capabilities for astronomi- cal observation. In addition to the dark and clear skies, Paranal Observatory is the world’s top site for astronomy thanks to its exceptionally steady andstableatmosphere–ithaswhat astronomers call excellent seeing conditions or very low “twinkling” of astronomical objects caused by turbulence in Earth’s atmosphere. With INNA, the best seeing condi- tions could deteriorate by up to 40%,inparticularduetotheairtur- bulencecausedbytheproject’swind turbines. Another worry is the im- pact of the vibrations caused by INNA on the VLT Interferometer (VLTI)andtheELT,whichareboth extremely sensitive to micro-seismic noise. The technical analysis reveals thatINNA’swindturbinescouldpro- duceanincreaseinthesemicro-vi- brationsofthegroundthatislarge enough to impair the operations of thesetwoworld-leadingastronomi- calfacilities.Dustduringconstruc- tionisalsoproblematicasitsettles on the telescope mirrors and ob- structs their view. “Takentogether,thesedisturbances seriously threaten the current and long-term viability of Paranal as a world-leader in astronomy, causing thelossofkeydiscoveriesaboutthe Universe and compromising Chile’s strategic advantage in this area,” says de Gregorio-Monsalvo. “TheonlywaytosaveParanal’spristine skies and protect as- tronomy for future generations is to relo- cate the INNA com- plex.” Furthermore, INNA’sinfrastructureis likely to encourage the development of an in- dustrial hub in the area, which could turn Paranal into an unus- able site for top-level astronomical observa- tions. “ESO and its Member States are fully sup- portive of energy de- carbonisation. For us Chile should not have to make a choice be- tween hosting themost powerful astro- nomical observatories and developing green- energy projects. Both are declared strategic priorities by the coun- tryandarefullycom- patible—ifthedifferentfacilities are located at sufficient distances fromoneanother,” saysESODirec- tor General Xavier Barcons. The full technical report will be sub- mitted to the Chilean authorities laterthismonth,aspartoftheCiti- zen Participation Process (PAC) in INNA’s environmental impact assess- ment,andmadepublicatthattime, beforethedeadlineof3April.Inad- dition to this press release, ESO is making an executive summary of the report public in advance. “We are extremely grateful for the support we’ve received from the Chilean and worldwide research communities, and from our ESO Member States. We also thank the Chilean authorities for looking into thismatter.Wearemorecommitted than ever to working together to protect the irreplaceable Paranal skies,” concludesBarcons.  ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 46 ﺗﻨ ـﺎول اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴ ـﻞ اﻟﻔﻨ ـﻲ ﺗ ـﺄﺛ ات أﺧــﺮى ﻟﻠﻤﴩوع، ﻣﺜﻞ زﻳﺎدة اﻻﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ، وﺗﺄﺛ ا ت اﻻﻫﺘﺰ ازات ﻋﲆ ﻣﻌﺪات اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻳ وﺗﻠﻮ ﺚ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﻟﺒﴫﻳﺎ ت اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺒﻨﺎء و ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬا ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ أن ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺛ INNA ﻋﲆ ﻗﺪرات ﺑﺎراﻧﺎل ﰲ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻲ . ﺑﺎﻹﺿ ـﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ﺳــﻤﺎء ﺑﺎراﻧــﺎل اﻟﺼــﺎﻓﻴﺔ وا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﻳُﻌﺪ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﺑﺎراﻧﺎل ا ﻮﻗﻊ اﻷﺑﺮز ﰲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﺑﻔﻀـﻞ ﻏﻼﻓـﻪ اﻟﺠـﻮي اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ وا ﺴـﺘﻘﺮ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ اﺳـﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻬـﻮ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻇﺮوف رؤﻳﺔ ﻣﻤﺘﺎزة أو " وﻣﻴﺾ" ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺟﺪ اً ﻟﻸﺟﺮام اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻻﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت ﰲ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي ﻟﻸرض ﻣﻊ. ﻣﴩوع INNA ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ أن ﺗﺘﺪﻫﻮر أﻓﻀﻞ ﻇـﺮوف اﻟﺮؤﻳـﺔ ﺑﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﺗﺼﻞ إﱃ 40٪ وﺧﺎ ﺻﺔً ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻻﺿـﻄﺮاﺑﺎت اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋـﻦ ﺗﻮرﺑﻴﻨـﺎت اﻟﺮﻳـﺎح ﰲ ا ﴩوع . ﻫﻨﺎك ﻗﻠـﻖ آﺧـﺮ ﻳﺘﻤﺜـﻞ ﰲ ﺗـﺄﺛ اﻻﻫﺘﺰازات اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺴﺒﺒﻬﺎ INNA ﻋﲆ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺘ ـﺪاﺧﻞ VLT (VLTI و( ELT ، وﻛﻼﻫﻤ ـﺎ اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ ) VLT ( و اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ ) (ELT وﻛﻼﻫﻤـــﺎ ﺷـــﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳـــﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﻮﺿـﺎء اﻻﻫﺘـﺰازات اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘـﺔ . ﻳﻜﺸـﻒ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ أن ﺗﻮرﺑﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺮﻳﺎح اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌـﺔ ﴩوع INNA ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ أن ﺗُﺤـﺪث زﻳـﺎدة ﰲ اﻻﻫﺘﺰازات ﺷﺒﻪ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﻸرض ﻛﺒ ة ﺑﻤـﺎ ﻳﻜﻔـﻲ ﻹﻋﺎﻗـﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎت ﻫـﺬﻳﻦ ا ـﺮﻓﻘ اﻟﻔ ﻠﻜﻴ اﻟﺮاﺋﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﺎ ﻴﺎً ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳُﻤﺜـﻞ اﻟﻐﺒـﺎر أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔً ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﻋـﲆ ﻣﺮاﻳـﺎ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب و ﻳﺤﺠﺐ رؤﻳﺘﻬﺎ . ﻳﻘﻮل دي ﺟﺮﻳﺠﻮرﻳﻮ ﻣﻮﻧﺴﺎﻟﻔﻮ " : إن ﻫـﺬه اﻻﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺔً ﺗُﻬﺪد ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﺧﻄـ اﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﺑﺎراﻧﺎل اﻟﺤﺎﱄ وﻃﻮﻳﻞ اﻷﻣﺪ ﻛﺮاﺋـﺪ ﻋﺎ ﻲ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﺴـﺒﺐ ﰲ ﻓﻘـﺪان اﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت رﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻜـﻮن وﻳُﻀـﻌﻒ ا ﻴﺰة اﻻﺳﱰاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺸﻴﲇ ﰲ ﻫﺬا ا ﺠـﺎل ." إن اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ة ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋـﲆ ﺳـﻤﺎء ﺑﺎراﻧﺎل اﻟﺼﺎﻓﻴﺔ وﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻟﻸﺟﻴﺎل اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻊ INNA . ﻋﻼوة ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ، ﻣﻦ ا ﺮﺟﺢ أن ﺗﺸﺠﻊ اﻟﺒﻨﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴـﺔ ﺠﻤﻊ INNA ﻋﲆ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﰲ ﺠﻤﻊ ﻣﴩوع INNA ﻋـﲆ ﺗﻄـﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﺮﻛ ـﺰ ﺻـﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﰲ ا ﻨﻄﻘ ـﺔ ﻣﻤ ـﺎ ﻗ ـﺪ ﻳﺤ ـﻮل ﺑﺎراﻧﺎل إﱃ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻏ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﻟﻠﺮﺻـــﺪ اﻟﻔﻠﻜـــﻲ ﻋـــﺎﱄ ا ﺴــﺘﻮى . ﻳــﺪﻋﻢ ا ﺮﺻــﺪ اﻷوروﺑـﻲ اﻟﺠﻨـﻮﺑﻲ ودوﻟـﻪ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ إزاﻟـﺔ اﻟﻜﺮﺑــﻮن ﻣــﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻗــﺔ . ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴ ـﺒﺔ ﻟﻨ ـﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﻐ ـﻲ أن ﺗﻀﻄﺮ ﺗﺸﻴﲇ ﻟﻼﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺑـ اﺳﺘﻀـﺎﻓﺔ أﻗ ـﻮى ا ﺮاﺻـﺪ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ وﺗﻄـﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﺸـﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟـ ـ ﺨﴬاء ﻛﻼﻫﻤـﺎ أوﻟﻮﻳﺎت اﺳﱰاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻨـﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ وﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻘـﺎن ﺗ - ﻤﺎﻣًـﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ا ﺮاﻓـﻖ ا ﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋ ﲆ ﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺎت ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀـﻬﺎ اﻟـﺒﻌﺾ ﻳﻘﻮل ا ﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻌـﺎم ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻـﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻛﺰاﻓﻴﻴـﻪ ﺑــ ﺎرﻛﻮﻧﺰ . ﺳــﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻘــﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳـﺮ اﻟﻔﻨـﻲ اﻟﻜﺎﻣـﻞ إﱃ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ وﻗﺖ ﻻﺣﻖ ﻣـ ﻦ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺸﻬﺮ، ﻛﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ا ﻮاﻃﻨ ﰲ ﺗﻘﻴــﻴﻢ اﻷﺛـﺮ اﻟﺒﻴﺌـﻲ ﻟــﻤﴩوع INNA ـ وﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻧ ﴩه ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ اﻟﻮﻗـﺖ ﻗﺒـﻞ ا ﻮﻋـﺪ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ 3 أﺑﺮﻳﻞ . ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﻴـﺎن اﻟﺼـﺤﻔﻲ اﻟﻬـﺎم اﻟﺬ ي ﻳﺴﻠﻂ اﻟﻀﻮء ﻋـﲆ ا ﺨـﺎﻃﺮ اﻟﺠﺪﻳـﺔ ﻳُﺼﺪر ا ﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨـﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﻠﺨﺼًـﺎ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳًﺎ ﻣـﻮ ﺟﺰًا ﻟﻠﺘﻘﺮﻳـﺮ اﻟﺘﻘﻨـﻲ ا ﻔﺼـﻞ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘًﺎ، وذﻟﻚ ﻟﺰﻳﺎدة اﻟﻮﻋﻲ ﺑﺄﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ " . ﻧﺤـﻦ ﻣﻤﺘﻨـﻮن ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ وﺑﺸـﺪة ﻟﻠﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﻜﺒ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻠﻘﻴﻨﺎه ﻣـﻦ ﻣ ﺠﺘﻤﻌـﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻠﻴﺔ واﻟﻌﺎ ﻴﺔ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟـﺪول اﻷﻋﻀﺎء ﰲ ا ﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ . ﻳﺨﺘﺘﻢ ﺑﺎرﻛﻮﻧﺰ ": ﻧﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸـﻜﺮ اﻟﺠﺰﻳـﻞ إﱃ ا ﻟﺴ ـﻠﻄﺎت اﻟﺘﺸ ـﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻋ ـﲆ اﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻬ ـﺎ وﺑﺤﺜ ﻬــﺎ ﻟﻬ ـﺬه ا ﺴـﺄﻟﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳ ـﺔ ﻧﺤـﻦ و ﻣﻠﺘﺰﻣﻮن ﺑﺘﻌﺎوﻧﻨﺎ اﻟﻮﺛﻴـﻖ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳـﺔ ﺳـﻤﺎء ﺑﺎراﻧﺎل اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪة اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻻ ﺗُﻌـﻮض وﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬـﺎ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﺒ ة ﻟﻸﺟﻴﺎل اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ . ﻣﺎﻳﻮ - ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 5 اﻟﺘﻘﻂ ﻣ ﻠﻮرﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﻤﺬﻫﻠﺔ واﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﻟﻠﻤﺬﻧﺐ ﻓﻠﻮرﺘ C/2024G3 اﻃﻠﺲ ﻓﻲ 21 ﻨﺎﻳﺮﻣـﻦ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ ﺎراﻧـﺎل اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻــﺪ اﻷوروﺑــﻲ اﻟــ ـ ﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲﻓــﻲ ﺗﺸــ ﻠﻲ . ﺗﻘــﻊ اﻟﺘﻠﺴــ ﻮ ﺎت اﻟﻜﺒــ ة ﺟــ ﺪاً ﻓــﻮق ﻗﻤــﺔ ﺳــ و ﺎراﻧــﺎل ﻋﻠــﻰ اﻟ ﺴــﺎرﺑ ﻨﻤــﺎ ﻐﺮ اﻟﻤﺬﻧﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻓﻖ ا ﻌﺪ ﻏﺮوب اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻟﻐﺮﻲﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ﻤ . [F.Millour/ESO]