Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2025 ARABIC VERSION

A Webb exposes complex atmosphere of starless super-Jupiter byNASA/ESA/CSA Margaret W. Carruthers Hannah Braun n international team of re- searchershasdiscoveredthat previouslyobservedvaria- tionsinbrightnessofafree-floating planetary-mass object known as SIMP 0136 must be the result of a complex combination of atmos- pheric factors, and cannot be ex- plained by clouds alone. UsingNASA’sJamesWebbSpaceTel- escope to monitor a broad spectrum of infrared light emitted over two full rotation periods by SIMP 0136, the team was able to detect varia- tions in cloud layers, temperature, andcarbonchemistrythatwerepre- viously hidden from view. The results provide crucial insight into the three-dimensional complex- ity of gas giant atmospheres within and beyond our solar system. De- tailed characterization of objects liketheseisessentialpreparationfor directimagingofexoplanets,plan- ets outside our solar system, with NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, which is scheduled to begin operations in 2027. SIMP 0136 is a rapidly rotating, free- floating object roughly 13 times the mass of Jupiter, located in the Milky Wayjust20light-yearsfromEarth. Althoughitisnotclassi- fiedasagasgiantexo- planet — it doesn’t orbit a star and may instead be a brown dwarf — SIMP 0136 is anidealtargetforexo-mete- orology: It is the brightest ob- ject of its kind in the northern sky.Becauseitisisolated,itcanbe MAY-JUNE2025 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 40 و ﺐ ﻳﺮﺻﺪ ﻏﻼﻓ ﺎً ﺟﻮ ﺎً اً ﻣﻌﻘﺪ ﻟ ﻮﻛﺐﻣﺸ يﻋﻤﻼق ﺗﺎﺋﮫ : ﻘﻠﻢ ﻣﺎرﻏﺮﺖ ﺎروﺛﺮز و ﻫﺎﻧﺎ ﺑﺮاون و ﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ / و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑ ﺔ / و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﻜﻨﺪ ﺔ ﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﻫـﺬا اﻟ ﺮﺳـﻢ اﻟﺘﻮﺿـﻴﺤﻲ ـﻒ ﻤﻜــﻦ ﻛ ـﺪو اﻟـ أن ﻳ ـﺠﺮم اﻟﻤﻌـﺰول ـﻮﻛ اﻟ SIMP0136 ﻨـﺎءً ﻋﻠــﻰ أﺣـــــﺪث اﻷرﺻـــــﺎد ـــــﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـــــﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘـــــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻮ ﺎﻟـــــﺔ ﻧﺎﺳـــــﺎ ﻣـــــﻦ ﺗﻠﺴـــــ ﻮبﺟـــــ ﻤﺲو واﻷرﺻـــــﺎد اﻟﺴـــــﺎ ﻘﺔ ﻣــــــﻦ ـﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﺴـ ﻮ ﺎت اﻷرﺿـ ﺔ ﺗﻠﺴ ﻮ ﺎتﻫﺎﺑﻞ وﺳـﺒ رواﻟﻌﺪ . ﺗ ﻠـﻎ ﻛﺘﻠـﺔ SIMP 0136 ﺣـﻮاﻟﻲ 13 ﺿـﻌﻒ ﻛﺘﻠــﺔ ﻮﻛــﺐ اﻟﻤﺸــ ي وﻋﻠــﻰ اﻟــﺮﻏﻢ ﻣــﻦ أﻧــﮫ ُﻌ ﺘﻘــﺪ أن ــﻮﻳﻦ ﻮﻛــﺐ ﻏــﺎزيﻋﻤــﻼق ــﺔ وﺗ ﻟــﮫ ﻨ إﻻ أﻧــﮫ ﻻ ًـﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ أﻧـﮫ ﻮﻛـﺐ ُﺼﻨﻒ ﺗﻘﻨ ﻧ ﻤـﻲ ـﻢ ـﺪورﺣـﻮل ﻧ ﻟ ﻮﻧـﮫ ﻻ . ﺗﻤﺜـﻞ اﻷﻟـﻮان اﻟﻤﻮﺿـﺤﺔ ﻓـﻲﻫـﺬا اﻟﺮﺳـﻢ اﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲﺿﻮء اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟ ـ ﺐ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮ اﻟ ﺸﺮ ﺔ وﻫﻮ ﻧﻄﺎق ﻏ ﻣﺮﻲ ﻟﻠﻌ . ُﻌﺪ SIMP0136 داﻓﺌـــﺎً ﻧﺴـــﺒ ﺎً ـــﺚ ﺗ ﻠـــﻎ ﺣﺮارـــﮫ ﺣـــ ﺣ ﻮاﻟﻲ 825 ـــﺔ درﺟـــﺔ ﻣﺌﻮ ) 1500 ـــﺖ أو درﺟـــﺔ ﻓﻬﺮﻬﺎ 1100 ﻠﻔـــﻦ (- وﻟﻜﻨـﮫ ﻟـ ﺲﺳـﺎﺧﻨ ﺎً ـﺔ ـﺔ ﺎﻓ ﻤـﺎ ﻜﻔـﻲﻹﺻـﺪار ﻤ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻀـﻮء اﻟﻤﺮـﻲ ﻟـ ُى ﻣـﻦ اﻷرض ﻤـﺎ أﻧـﮫ ﻻ ُﻀـﺎء ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻧ ﻢ ﻣﻀ ﻒ . ﻓ ﻤﺜﻞ ﻃﺎﻗـﺔ اﻟﺸـﻔﻖ اﻟﻘﻄـ أﻣﺎ اﻟﺘﻮﻫﺞ اﻷزرق اﻟﻤﺮﻲﻗﺮ اﻟﻘﻄﺒ ) اﻟﻀـﻮء اﻟﻤﻨ ﻌـــﺚ ﻣـــ ﻦ اﻹﻟﻜ وﻧـــﺎت ـــ ﺗﺘﺤـــﺮك ﺣﻠﺰوﻧ اﻟـــ ﺎً ﻓــــﻲﻣﺠـــﺎل ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃ ﺴـــﻲ ( ــــﺄﻃﻮال ﺗـــﻢ رﺻـــﺪﻫﺎ واﻟـــ ﻣﻮﺟ ﺔ رادﻳﻮ ﺔ . [NASA, ESA, CSA, Joseph Olmsted (STScI)] ﻛﺸـــﻒ ﻓﺮﻳـــﻖ دوﱄ ﻣـــﻦ اﻟﺒــــﺎﺣﺜ ا ﺘﺨﺼﺼ ﰲ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ أن اﻟﺘﻐـ ات ا ﺪﻫﺸـﺔ وا ﺮﺻـﻮدة ﺳـﺎﺑﻘًﺎ ﰲ ﺳـﻄﻮع اﻟﺠﺴـﻢ اﻟﻜـﻮﻛﺒﻲ اﻟﻌـﺎﺋﻢ اﻟﺤـﺮ ا ﺴﻤﻰ SIMP 0136 ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜـﻦ ﻧﺎﺗﺠـﺔ ﻋـﻦ ﻣﺠﺮد ﻏﻴـﻮم ﺑﺴـﻴﻄﺔ ﺑـﻞ ﻋـﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﺔ ﻣﻌﻘﺪة ودﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣـ ﻞ اﻟﺠﻮﻳـﺔ ا ﺘﺪاﺧﻠﺔ . ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﺲ وﻳﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎ ﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟ ﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ رﺻﺪ اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ ﺎً ﻃﻴﻔ ﺎً واﺳﻌ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء ا ﻨﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﻣـﻦ SIMP 0136 ﺧـﻼل دورﺗـ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺘ ﻣﺎ أﺗﺎح اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺗﻐ ا ت ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﺴﺤﺐ ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة وﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎء اﻟﻜﺮﺑـﻮن اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺧﻔﻴﺔ وﻏ ﻣﺮﺋﻴﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻘً .ﺎ ﺗﻘﺪم ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ رؤى ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴـﺪ ﺛﻼﺛـﻲ اﻷﺑﻌـﺎد ﻷﻏﻠﻔـﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﻘـﺔ اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ داﺧﻞ ﻧ ـ ﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﴘـ وﺧﺎرﺟـﻪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒ ﺟﺪاً وﻳُﻌﺪّ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻒ اﻟﺘﻔﺼـﻴﲇ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻷﺟـﺮام اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴـﺔ ﺗﺤﻀـ اً أﺳﺎﺳـﻴ ﺎً ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ا ﺒﺎﴍ ﻟﻠﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴـﺔ وﻫـﻲ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــ . اﻟﻜﻮاﻛــﺐ ﺧــﺎرج ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨــﺎ اﻟــ . ﺸﻤﴘـ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻧﺎﻧﴘ ﺟﺮﻳﺲ روﻣـﺎن اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟ ﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳـﺎ ا ﻘـﺮر ﺑـﺪء ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﺎم 2027 ﻳُـﺬﻛﺮ أن SIMP 0136 ﺟﺮم ﴎﻳﻊ اﻟﺪوران وﻳﺘﺤﺮك ﺑﺤﺮﻳﺔ وﺗﺒﻠـﻎ ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ 13 ﺿﻌﻒ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ا ﺸﱰي ﰲ وﻳﻘﻊ ﻣﺠﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﻋ ﲆ ﺑُﻌﺪ 20 ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﻣـﻦ اﻷرض . ورﻏـﻢ أﻧـﻪ ﻻ ﻳُﺼـﻨﻒ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ﻛﻜﻮﻛﺐ ـ ﻋﻤﻼق ﻏ ﺎزي ﻟﻌﺪم دوراﻧﻪ ﺣﻮل ـﻧﺠ ﻢ واﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻗﺰﻣﺎً ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻨﻴﺎً ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠﺮم SIMP 0136 ﺎً ﺪﻓـ ﺪّ ﻫـﻳُﻌ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻴﺎً ﻟﻸرﺻﺎد اﻟ ـ ﺠﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ أ ﻊ ﺟـﺮم ـ ﻮﻋﻪ ﻓ ـ ﻣﻦ ﻧ ﻲ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﺰﻟﺘﻪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ رﺻﺪه دون ﺗـﺄﺛ أو ـﺗﻘ ﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻨﺠ .ﻀﻴﻒ ـ ﻢ ا ـ ﻣﺎﻳﻮ - ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 5