Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2025 ARABIC VERSION

Its most recent eruption, in August 2024, was first captured by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, whichhas been closely monitoring thenova every month since its 2020 eruption. Given its known recurrent timescale, astronomers were antici- pating this eruption, and LMC68 de- livered right on cue. Follow-up observations were con- ducted nine days after the initial outburst with the Carnegie Institu- tion’s Magellan Baade Telescope, and 22 days after the initial out- burst with the Gemini South tele- scope,onehalfoftheInternational GeminiObservatory,fundedinpart bytheU.S.NationalScienceFoun- dation and operated by NSF NOIR- Lab. Using the technique of spec- troscopy, the team observedLMC68’s near-infrared light, which allowed them to study the nova’s ultra-hot phase during which many elements have been highly ener- gized. By studying this phase as- tronomers can learn about the most extreme processes at play in the eruption. This study is the first ever near- infrared spectroscopic observa- tion of an extragalactic recurrent nova. After its initial eruption LMC68’s light faded rapidly, but Gemini South’s FLAMINGOS-2 instrument stillcapturedastrongsignalfrom ﻳﻮﺿــﺢ ــﺎف اﻷﺷــﻌﺔ ـﺎﻧﻲ أﻃ ﻫــﺬا اﻟﺮﺳـﻢ اﻟﺒ ﺗﺤــــــﺖ اﻟــــــ ـ ﻤﺮاء ﻟﺴــــــﺤﺎ ﺔ ﻣــــــﺎﺟﻼن اﻟﻜــــــ ى 68 ﺗــﻢ اﻟــ واﻟــ ـ ﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻬــﺎ ﻌــﺪ 8.58 ﻳﻮﻣًـﺎ ﻣــﻦ ــــــﺎد اﻟﺜــــــﻮران ﺎﺳــــــﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴــــــ ﻮب ﻣــــــﺎﺟﻼن ـــــﺎرﻴﺠﻲ اﻟﺘـــــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴــــــﺔ ) اﻷﺳــــــﻮد ( و ﻌــــــﺪ 22.49 ﻳﻮﻣًــــــــﺎ ﺎﺳـــــــــﺘﺨﺪام ـــــــــ ﺗﻠﺴــــــــ ﻮبﺟ ﻤ ) ﺳــــﺎوث اﻷ ﻤــــﺮ ( ﺗــــﺎﺑﻊ وﻫــــﻮ ﻤﻟ ــــ ﺮﺻــــﺪ ﺟ ﻤ ـــــــــﺪﻳﺮﻩ ﻣﺨﺘـــــــــ ﻧـــــــــﻮﻳﺮ و ﻻب اﻟﺘـــــــــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴــــــــــﺔ ـــﺔ اﻟﻌﻠـــﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨ . ﻳﻬـــ ﻤﻦ اﻧ ﻌـــﺎث اﻟﺴـــ ﻠﻴ ﻮن ﻳ ﻠــﻎ ﺣــﻮاﻟﻲ اﻟﻤــﺆﻳﻦ اﻟــﺬ 1.4 ﻣ ﻜــﺮون ﻋﻠــﻰ ــــﻼ اﻟﻄ ﻔــــ . أﻣــــﺎ ﺳــــﻤﺎت اﻻﻧ ﻌــــﺎث اﻟﻈــــﺎﻫﺮة ﺗــ اوح ﺑــ اﻟــ 1.8 و 2 ﻣ ﻜــﺮون ﻓﻬــﻲ ﻧﺘﻴﺠــﺔ ﺗﻠﻮث ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟ ـ ﺠﻮي ﻟﻸرض . [International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/ AURA/T. Geballe/J. Pollar] ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﺎط أﺣـﺪث ﺛـﻮران ﻟـﻪ ﰲ أﻏﺴـﻄﺲ 2024 ﻷول ﻣ ﺮة ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻧﻴﻞ ﺟ ﻳﻠﺰ ﺳﻮﻳﻔﺖ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺮاﻗﺐ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺜﺐ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻨـﺬ ﺛﻮراﻧـﻪ ﻋـﺎم 2020 اً وﻧﻈـﺮ ﻟﺠﺪوﻟﻪ اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ ا ﺘﻜﺮر ا ﻌﺮوف ﺗﻮﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺜﻮران وﻗﺪ ﺟﺎء ﺿﻮء ا ﺴـﺘﻌﺮ LMC68 ﰲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ا ﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﻤﺎﻣ . ﺎ أُﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت رﺻﺪ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌـﺔ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺗﺴـﻌﺔ أﻳﺎم ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻮران اﻷوﱄ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﻣﺎ ﺟﻼن ﺑـﺎدي اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﺆﺳﺴـﺔ ﻛـﺎرﻧﻴﺠﻲ وﺑﻌﺪ 22 ﺎً ﻳﻮﻣ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻮران اﻷ وﱄ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴ ﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﺳﺎوث ﺗﺎﺑﻊ وﻫﻮ ﺮﺻـﺪ ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨﻲ اﻟﺪوﱄ ﺑﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ وﻳﺪﻳﺮه ﻣﺨﺘﱪ ﻧـﻮﻳﺮﻻب ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴـﻞ اﻟﻄﻴﻔـﻲ رﺻـﺪ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺿﻮء اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻣـﻦ LMC68 ، ﻣﻤـﺎ ﺳـﻤﺢ ﻟﻬـﻢ ﺑﺪراﺳـﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺿﻮء اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻣـﻦ ا ﺴـﺘﻌﺮ LMC68 ﻣﻤــﺎ ﺳـﻤﺢ ﻟﻬـﻢ ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘـﺔ اﻟﺤـﺮارة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﴏ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ . ﻛﺒ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل دراﺳﺔ ﻫﺬه ا ﺮﺣﻠـﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟ ﻠ ﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟ ﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﲆ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺎت اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ دور اً . ﰲ اﻟﺜﻮران ﺗُﻌﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ أول رﺻﺪ ﻃﻴﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﺴﺘﻌﺮ ﻣﺘﻜﺮر ﺧﺎرج ا ﺠﺮة . ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺛﻮراﻧـﻪ اﻷوﱄ ﺗـﻼﳽﺿـﻮء ا ﺴـﺘﻌﺮ LMC68 ﺑــــ ﻟﻜـــ و ﺔ ﴪﻋ ﻦ ﻣﻄﻴـــﺎف FLAMINGOS-2 اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺮﺻـﺪ ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨـﻲ ﺳﺎوث ﻗﺎدر ﻋﲆ اﻟﺘﻘﺎط إﺷﺎرة ﻗﻮﻳـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ذرات اﻟﺴـﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮن ا ﺘﺄ ﻳﻨـﺔ وﺗﺤﺪﻳـﺪًا ذرات اﻟﺴﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟُـﺮدت ﻣـﻦ ﺗﺴـﻌﺔ ﻣـﻦ ــــــ ﻣﺎﻳﻮ - ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 5