Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2025 ARABIC VERSION

MAY-JUNE2025          Oxygen discovered in most distant known galaxy wo different teams ofas- tronomershavedetectedoxy- geninthemostdistantknown galaxy, JADES-GS-z14-0. The discov- ery, reported in two separate stud- ies, was made possible thanks to the Atacama Large Millimeter/submil- limeterArray(ALMA),inwhichthe European SouthernObservatory (ESO) is a partner. This record- breaking detection is making as- tronomers rethink how quickly galaxies formed in the early Uni- verse.Discoveredlastyear,JADES- GS-z14-0 is the most distant con- firmedgalaxyeverfound:itissofar byESO − BárbaraFerreira away, its light took 13.4 billionyears to reach us, meaning we see it as it was when the Universe was less than300millionyearsold,about 2% of its present age. The new oxy- gen detection with ALMA, a tele- scope array in Chile’s Atacama Desert,suggeststhegalaxyismuch اﻛﺘ ﻓﻲأ ﻌﺪ ﺸﺎف اﻷﻛﺴﺠ ﻣﺠﺮة ﻣﻌﺮوﻓ ﺔ : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺎر ﺮا ﻓ ﺮا - اﻟﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟـﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ أﻋﻠـﻦ ﻓﺮﻳﻘ ـﺎن ﻓﻠﻜﻴ ـﺎن ﻣﻨﻔﺼـﻼن ﻋــﻦ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻷﻛﺴﺠ ﰲ أﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺠﺮة ﻣﻌﺮوﻓـﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن ﺗﺴﻤﻰ JADES-GS-z14-0 وﻗﺪ ﻧُﴩ ﻫ ﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﰲ دراﺳﺘ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﻠﺘ اﺳﺘﻨﺎداً إﱃ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ أﺗﺎﻛﺎﻣﺎ اﻟﻜﺒ ة ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻴﻤﱰ / دون ا ﻠﻴﻤﱰ أ ﺎ) ( اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻳﺸـﺎرك ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ا ﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨـﻮﺑﻲ ﻛـ . ﴩﻳﻚ ـ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﺮاﺋﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ إﱃ إﻋﺎدة ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﴎﻋﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ا ﺠﺮات ﰲ ﻓﺠـﺮ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ إﱃ إﻋـﺎدة ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﴎﻋﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ا ﺠﺮات ﰲ ﻓﺠﺮ اﻟﻜﻮن . اﻛﺘُﺸــﻔﺖ ا ﺠــﺮة JADES-GS-z14-0 ﰲ اﻟﻌﺎم ا ﺎﴈ وﻫﻲ ا ﺠﺮة اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺑ اً ﻌﺪ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻹﻃﻼق : ﺗﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻨﺎ ﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺔ ﺷﺎﺳﻌﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ اﺳﺘﻐﺮق ﺿﻮﺋﻬﺎ 13.4 ﻣﻠﻴﺎر ﺳﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﻣ ﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أﻧﻨـﺎ ﻧﺮﺻـﺪﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﻜﻮن أﻗﻞ ﻣـﻦ ٣٠٠ ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺳﻨﺔ، أي ﻣـﺎ ﻳﻘـﺎرب ٢ % ﻣـﻦ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﻜﻮن أﻗﻞ ﻣـﻦ 300 ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺳﻨﺔ أي ﻣـﺎ ﻳﻘـﺎرب 2 % ﻣـﻦ ﻋﻤﺮه اﻟﺤﺎﱄ وﻳﺸ اﻟﻜﺸـﻒ اﻟﺠﺪﻳـ ﺪ ﻋـﻦ اﻷﻛﺴﺠ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮﺑﺎت ﻣﺮﺻﺪ أ ـﺎ اﻟ ﻮاﻗﻌـﺔ ﰲ ﺻـﺤﺮاء أﺗﺎﻛﺎﻣـﺎ ﰲ ﺗﺸﻴﲇ إﱃ أن ﻫﺬه ا ﺠﺮة أﻛﺜـﺮ ﺗﻄـﻮر اً ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟ ﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻳُﺘﺼﻮر ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎً . ﻣﺎﻳﻮ - ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 5