Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2025 ARABIC VERSION

MAY-JUNE2025          ALMA unveils new details of the flares of Proxima Centauri byALMAObservatory Nicolás Lira BárbaraFerreira t just over four light years, ProximaCentauriisournear- eststellarneighborknown tobeaveryactiveMdwarfstar.Its flare activity has been well known to astronomers using visible wave- lengthsoflight.Still,anewstudyus- ing observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Ar- ray (ALMA) highlights this star’s ex- treme activity in radio and millime- ter wavelengths, offering exciting insights about the nature of these flaresaswellaspotentialimpactson thelivabilityofitsterrestrial,habit- able-zone planets. Known to host a potentially habit- ableplanet,thestarexhibitsveryac- tive flare activity in optical wave- lengths.LikeflaresonourSun,these outburstsreleaselightenergyacross the electromagnetic spectrum and bursts of particles known as stellar energetic particles. Depending onthe energy and frequency of these flares, nearby planets in the habit- able zone might be rendered unin- habitable as the flares strip plan- etary atmospheres of necessary in- gredients such as ozone and water.A scientific team led by Kiana Bur- ton of the University of Coloradoand Meredith MacGregor of Johns Hopkins University utilized archival dataandnewALMAobservations أﻟﻤﺎ ﻜﺸﻒﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞﺟﺪ ﺪة ﻟﺘﻮﻫﺠﺎت ﺑﺮوﻛﺴ ﻤﺎ ﻗﻨﻄﻮروس : ﻘﻠﻢ ﻧﻴ ﻮﻻسﻟ ا ﺎر ﺮا و ﻓ ﺮا ﻣﺮﺻﺪ أﻟﻤﺎ َﻌﺪ ﺑﺮوﻛﺴـﻴﻤﺎ ﻗﻨﻄـﻮروس اﻟـﺬي ﻳﺒﻌـﺪ ﺣﻮاﱄ أرﺑـﻊ ﺳـﻨﻮات ﺿـﻮﺋﻴﺔ أﻗـﺮب ﺟـﺎر ﻧﺠﻤﻲ ﻟﻨﺎ وﻳُﻌﺮف ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻧﺠﻢ ﻗﺰم ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻨﺸﺎط وﻗﺪ ﻛﺎن ﻧﺸﺎﻃﻪ اﻟﺘـﻮﻫﺠﻲ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓًــﺎ ﺟﻴــﺪًا ﻟﻌﻠﻤــﺎء اﻟﻔﻠــﻚ اﻟــﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮن اﻷﻃﻮال ا ﻮﺟﻴـﺔ ا ﺮﺋﻴـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﻟﻠﻀﻮء ــــ اﻟﻀﻮء وﻣﻊ ذﻟـﻚ ﺗُ ﺴـﻠﻂ دراﺳـﺔ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪة ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺼــﻔﻮف أﺗﺎﻛﺎﻣــﺎ اﻟﻜﺒــ ا ﻠﻴﻤﱰي دون ا ﻠﻴﻤﱰي ( أ ﺎ) اﻟﻀـﻮء ﻋـﲆ اﻟﻨﺸﺎط ا ﺘﻄﺮف ﻟﻬـﺬا اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ ﰲ اﻷﻃـﻮا ل ا ﻮﺟﻴﺔ اﻟﺮادﻳﻮﻳﺔ وا ﻠﻴﻤﱰﻳـﺔ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳُﻘـﺪم رؤىً ﻣﺜ ة ﺣﻮل ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﺔ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺘﻮﻫﺠـﺎت ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ اﻟﺘﺄﺛ ات ا ﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻗ ﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ اﻷرﺿـﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺘـﻪ اﻟﺼـﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎة ﻟﻠﻌﻴﺶ . ﻳُﻌﺮف ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺑﺎﺣﺘﻮا ﺋـﻪ ﻋﲆ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﻳُﺤﺘﻤﻞ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺻﺎﻟﺤ ﻠﺤﻴﺎة ﻟ ﺎً وﻳُﻈﻬﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻃ ﺎً ﺗﻮﻫﺠﻴ ﺎً ﺷـﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻨﺸـﺎط ﰲ اﻷﻃﻮال ا ﻮﺟﻴﺔ اﻟﻀـﻮﺋﻴﺔ . وﻣﺜـﻞ اﻟﺘـﻮﻫﺞ اﻷﻃﻮال ا ﻮﺟﻴﺔ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ وﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﻫﺞ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ ﺗُﻄﻠـﻖ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺘﻮﻫﺠـﺎت ﻃﺎﻗـﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻋـﱪ اﻟﻄﻴـﻒ اﻟﻜﻬﺮوﻣـ ـ ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﴘ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ دﻓﻘﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎت ﺗُﻌـﺮف ﺑﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﺠﺴﻴ ﻤﺎت اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺸـﻄﺔ ﺎءً وﺑﻨـ ﻋﲆ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ وﺗﺮدد ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﻮﻫﺠﺎت ﻗﺪ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛ ـﺐ اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒ ـﺔ ﰲ ا ﻨﻄﻘ ـﺔ اﻟﺼـﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎة ﻏ ﺻـﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻴـﺎة ﺣﻴـﺚ ﺗﻌﻤـﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﻫﺠــﺎت ﻋـﲆ ﺗﺠﺮﻳـﺪ اﻟﻐـ ﻼف اﻟﺠــﻮي ﻟﻠﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ﻣـﻦ ا ﻜﻮ ﻧـﺎت اﻟﴬـورﻳﺔ ﻣﺜـﻞ اﻷوزون وا ﺎء وﻗﺪ اﺳـﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﺮﻳـﻖ ﻋﻠﻤـﻲ ﺑﻘﻴﺎدة ﻛﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﺑ ﺗﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻛﻮﻟـﻮرادو ﻣﺎﻳﻮ - ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 5