Free Astronomy Magazine May-June 2025 ARABIC VERSION

A First 3D observations of an exoplanet’s atmosphere byESO BárbaraFerreira stronomers have peered throughtheatmosphereofa planetbeyondtheSolarSys- tem, mapping its 3D structure forthe first time. By combining all four telescope units of the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope (ESO’s VLT), they found powerfulwindscarryingchemicalel- ementslike iron and titanium, creat- ingintricateweatherpatternsacross theplanet’satmosphere.Thediscov- eryopensthedoorfordetailedstud- iesofthechemicalmakeupand weather of other alien worlds. “Thisplanet’satmospherebehaves in ways that challenge our under- standing of how weather works — notjustonEarth,butonallplanets. Itfeelslikesomethingoutofscience fiction,” says Julia Victoria Seidel, a researcher at the European South- ern Observatory (ESO) in Chile and leadauthorofthestudy,published in Nature . The planet, WASP-121b (also known as Tylos), is some 900 light-years awayintheconstellationPuppis.It’s an ultra-hot Jupiter, a gas giant or- bitingitshoststarsocloselythata ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 22 ـــــﺔ اﻷ ﻌـــــﺎد أوﻟـــــﻰاﻷرﺻـــــﺎد ﺛﻼﺛ ﻟﻐﻼفﺟﻮيﻟ ﻮﻛﺐ ﻧ ﻤﻲ : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺎر ﺮا ﻓ ﺮا اﻟﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟـﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻮ - ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ 2 0 2 5 أﻟﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﻧﻈـﺮة ﺧﺎﻃﻔـﺔ ﻋـﱪ اﻟﻐـﻼف اﻟﺠــﻮي ﻟﻜﻮﻛـﺐ ﺧـﺎرج اﻟﻨﻈــﺎم اﻟﺸﻤﴘ ورﺳﻤﻮا ﻟﺒﻨﻴﺘـﻪ ﺧﺮﻳﻄـﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﻴـﺔ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد ﻷول ﻣﺮة . وﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل دﻣﺞ وﺣـﺪات اﻟﺘﻠﺴــﻜﻮب اﻷرﺑــﻊ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌــﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺴــﻜﻮب اﻟﻌﻤـﻼق ﺟـﺪًا اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻـﺪ اﻷوروﺑـﻲ اﻟﺠﻨـﻮﺑﻲ اﻛﺘﺸـﻔﻮا رﻳﺎﺣًـﺎ ﻗﻮﻳـﺔ ﺗﺤﻤـﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﴏ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋ ﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺤﺪﻳـﺪ واﻟﺘﻴﺘـﺎﻧﻴﻮم ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳُﻨﺸﺊ أﻧﻤﺎﻃًﺎ ﺟﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﻘﺪة ﻋﱪ ﻏﻼف اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ اﻟﺠﻮي . اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ اﻟﺠﻮي . ﻳﻔﺘﺢ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف آﻓﺎﻗًﺎ ﺟﺪﻳــﺪة ﻟﺪراﺳــﺔ اﻟﱰﻛﻴــﺐ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴــﺎﺋﻲ واﻟﻈﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻮاﻟﻢ أﺧﺮى . ﻋﻠّﻘﺖ ﺟﻮﻟﻴﺎ ﻓﻴﻜﺘﻮرﻳـﺎ ﺳـﻴ اﻟﺒﺎ ﺪل ﺣﺜـﺔ ﰲ ا ﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺘﺸﻴﲇ وا ﺆﻟﻔـﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳﺔ ا ﻨﺸﻮرة ﰲ دورﻳﺔ ﻧﻴﺘﴩ : " ﻗﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻳﺘﺴﻢ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻜﻮﻛـﺐ ﺑﺴﻠﻮك ﻳﺘﺤﺪى ﻓﻬﻤﻨﺎ ﻵﻟﻴﺎت اﻟﻄﻘﺲ ﻟـﻴﺲ ﻓﻘ ﻂ ﻋﲆ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻨﺎ ﺑﻞ ﻋﲆ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ . ــ إﻧﻪ أﺷﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻴـﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﻲ ﺣﻴـﺚ ﺗﺘﺸـﻜﻞ أﻧﻤﺎط ﺟﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﺮﻳﺪة . ﻳﻘﻊ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ا ﺴـﻤﻰ WASP-121b) ( ا ﻌــﺮوف أﻳﻀــﺎَ ﺑﺎﺳــﻢ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻮس ) ( ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﻘـﺪر ﺑﺤـﻮاﱄ 900 ﺳـﻨﺔ ﺿـﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻮﻛﺒـﺔ اﻟﻜﻠـﺐ اﻷﺻــﻐﺮ اﻟﺠﺮو ) ( ، وﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ " ﻣﺸـﱰي " ﺣﺎر ﻋﻤﻼق ﻏﺎزي ﻳﺪور ﺣﻮل ﻧﺠﻤﻪ ﺑﻤﺪار ﺑﺎﻟﻎ اﻟﻘﺮب وﺑﴪﻋﺔ ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺴـﺘﻐﺮق ﺳﻨﺘﻪ ﺣﻮاﱄ 30 ﺳﺎﻋﺔ أرﺿﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ."