Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2026 ARABIC VERSION

MARCH-APRIL2026 Massive black holes behind blue cosmic explosions byNOIRLab,NatalieLeBaron,JosieFenske mongthemorepuzzlingcos- mic phenomena discovered overthepastfewdecades are brief and very bright flashes of blue and ultraviolet light that grad- ually fade away, leaving behindfaint X-ray and radio emissions. This curiousclassofobjectsisknownas luminous fast blue optical transients (LFBOTs), and with slightlymore than a dozen discovered so far, as- tronomers have debated whether they are produced by an unusual typeofsupernovaorbyinterstellar gasfallingintoablackhole.Analy- sis of the brightest LFBOT to-date, named AT 2024wpp and discovered lastyear,showsthatthey’reneither. Instead, a team led by researchers from the University of California, Berkeley, concluded that they are causedbyanextremetidaldisrup- tion, where a black hole of up to100 times the mass of our Sun com- pletely shreds its massive star com- panion within days. This discovery resolves a decade-long conundrum but also illustrates the many vari- etiesofstellarcalamitiesthatas- ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 48 اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ وراء اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎرات اﻟ ﻮﻧ ﺔ اﻟﺰرﻗﺎء : ﻘﻠﻢ ﻧﺎﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻴ ﺎرون و ﺟﻮزيﻓ ﻨﺴﻜﻲ – ﻣﺨﺘ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﻻب ﻣـﻦ ﺑ اﻟﻈﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ اﻷﻛﺜـﺮ ﻮﺿـﺎً ﻏﻤ اﻟﺘﻲ اﻛﺘﺸﻔ ﺖ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻌﻘﻮد اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ ا ﺎﺿﻴﺔ وﻣﻀـﺎت ﻗﺼـ ة ﺷـﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺴـﻄﻮع ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻀـﻮء اﻷزرق وﻓـﻮق اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴـﺠﻲ ﺗﺨﺒ ـﻮ ﺗﺪرﻳﺠﻴ ﺎً ﺗﺎرﻛﺔً ﺧﻠﻔﻬﺎ اﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎت ﺧﺎﻓﺘﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﺷﻌ ﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ و ﻣ ﻮﺟﺎت اﻟﺮادﻳـﻮ . ﺗﻌـﺮف ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻔﺌـﺔ اﻟﻐﺮﻳﺒـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﺷـﻴﺎء ﺑﺎﺳـﻢ اﻟﻈﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮة اﻟﺒﴫﻳﺔ اﻟﺰرﻗﺎء اﻟ ـ ﴪﻳﻌﺔ ا ﻀﻴﺌﺔ وﻣﻊ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻣﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻗ ﻠـﻴﻼً ﻋـﻦ اﺛﻨﻲ ﻋ ـ ﴩ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن ﻧـﺎﻗﺶ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻏ ﻣﺄﻟﻮف ﻣﻦ ا ﺴﺘﻌﺮات اﻟﻌﻈﻤـﻰ أو ﻋـﻦ ﻏـﺎز ﺑـ ﻧﺠﻤﻲ ﻳﺴـﻘﻂ ﻧﺤـﻮ ﺛﻘـﺐ أﺳـﻮد ﻳ. ﻈﻬـﺮ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ أ ﻊ LFBOT ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن، واﻟﺬي ﺳُﻤﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴ ـﻞ أ ـﻊ اﻟﻈ ـﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻌ ـﺎﺑﺮة اﻟﺰرﻗ ـﺎء اﻟـﴪﻳﻌﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن واﻟﺬي ﺗﻤـﺖ ﺗﺴـﻤﻴﺘﻪ 2024wpp AT واﻛﺘُﺸﻒ اﻟﻌﺎم ا ـﺎﴈ أﻧـﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ . ﺑـﺪﻻً ﻣـﻦ ذﻟـﻚ ﺧﻠـﺺ ﻓﺮﻳـﻖ ﺑﻘ ﻴﺎدة ﺑﺎﺣﺜ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮرﻧﻴـﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑ ﻛﲇ إﱃ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻤﺰق ﻣﺪّي ﻫﺎﺋﻞ، ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺛﻘﺐ أﺳﻮد ﺗﺼﻞ ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻪ إﱃ 100 ﺿﻌﻒ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﺷﻤﺴـﻨﺎ ﺑﺘﻤﺰﻳـﻖ ﻧﺠﻤـﻪ ﻫﺎﺋﻞ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺛﻘﺐ أﺳﻮد ﺗﺼﻞ ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻪ إﱃ 100 ﺿﻌﻒ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺑﺘﻤﺰﻳـﻖ ﻧﺠﻤـﻪ ا ﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟﻀﺨﻢ ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ﰲ ﺎً ﻏﻀﻮن أﻳﺎم . ﻫـﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻳﺤﻞ ﻟﻐﺰاً دام ﻋﻘـﺪاً ﻣـﻦ اﻟـﺰﻣﻦ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ أﻳﻀﺎً اﻟﺘﻨﻮع اﻟﻜﺒـ ﻟﻠﻜـﻮارث ا ﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻮاﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ وﻟﻜـﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻃﻴﻒ ﺿـﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﻤﻴـﺰ ﻳﺘﻄـﻮر ﺑﻤـﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ . ﺗﻌـــﺮض ـــﺔ ﺑ ﺎﻧـــﺎت ﻫـــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼـــﻮرة اﻟﻤﺮﻛ ﻓـــﻲ ﻧﻄﺎﻗـــﺎت اﻷﺷـــﻌﺔ اﻟﺴـــ ﻨ ﺔ و ﻓـــﻮق اﻟ ﻨﻔﺴـــﺠ ﺔ واﻟﻀـــﻮء اﻟﻤﺮﻲ واﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟ ـ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻈﺎﻫﺮة اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﺎﺳـﻢ اﻟﻈـﺎﻫﺮة اﻟ ﺼـﺮ ﺔ اﻟﺰرﻗـﺎء اﻟﺴـﺮ ﻌﺔ اﻟﻼﻣﻌﺔ ﺗ ﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺴﻤ ﺔ واﻟ AT 2024wpp . ﻈﻬﺮﻫﺬا اﻟـﺤﺪث اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮ ﻛﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺷﺪ ﺪة اﻟﺴﻄﻮع ﻋﻨﺪ ـاﻟ ﺗ ﻌﺪ ﻟﻤﺠﺮﮫ اﻟﻤﻀ ﻔﺔ، واﻟ ﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮ ﺔ اﻟ ﻤ 1.1 ﻣﻠ ﺎرﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋ ﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻷرض . [International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA. Image Processing: J. Miller (International Gemini Observatory/NSFNOIRLab), T.A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage/NSF NOIRLab), M. Zamani& D. de Martin (NSF NOIRLab)] - ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ 2 0 2 6