Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2026 ARABIC VERSION

MARCH-APRIL2026 T his graphic illustrates the pronounced narrow peak of the spectra that caught researchers’ attention in a small sample of galaxies, represented here by thegalaxyCEERS4233-42232.Itisthecombinationofanarrower-than-expectedspectra,alongwithatiny,point-likeappearance,thatmakesthesegalaxies stand out. Typically, distant point-like light sources are quasars, butquasar spectra have a much broader shape. [NASA, ESA, CSA,Joseph Olmsted (STScI)] the universe’s age of 13.8 billion years). Spectral data gives astrono- mers more information than theycan get from an image alone, andfor these nine sources it doesn’t fit existing definitions. They are too far away to be stars in our own galaxy, and too faint to be quasars, which are so brilliant that they outshine their host galaxies. Though the spectra resemble the less distant “green pea” galaxies discovered in 2009, the galaxies in this sample are much more compact. “Like spectra, thedetailedgeneticcodeofaplaty-pus provides additional information that shows just how unusual the an-imal is, sharing genetic features with birds, reptiles, and mammals,” said Yan. “Together, Webb’s imag-ing and spectra are telling us that these galaxies have an unexpected combination of features.” Yan ex- plained that for typical quasars, the peaksintheircharacteristicspectral emission lines look like hills, with a broad base, indicating the high ve- locity of gas swirling around their supermassiveblackhole.Instead, thepeaksforthe“platypuspopula- tion”arenarrowandsharp,indicat-ing slower gas movement. While there are narrow-line galaxies that host active supermassive black holes,theydonothavethepoint- likefeatureofthesampleYan’s team has identified. Has Yan’s team discovered a missing link in the cos- mos?Oncetheteamdetermined thattheobjectsdidn’tfitthedefini-tion of a quasar, graduate studentresearcher Bangzheng Sun analyzed the data to see if there were signa-tures of star-forming galaxies. “Fromthelow- resolutionspectra we have, we can’t rule out the pos-sibility that these nine objects are star- forminggalaxies.Thatdatafits,” saidS un. “Thestrangethingin that case is that the galaxies are so tinyandcompact,eventhough Webbhastheresolvingpowerto showusalotofdetailatthisdis-tance.” One proposal the team sug-gests is that Webb, as promised, is revealingearlierstagesofgalaxy formationandevolutionthanwe haveeverbeenabletoseebefore. It is generally accepted across the astronomy community that large, massivegalaxieslikeourownMilky Waygrewbymanysmallergalaxies merging together. But, Yan asks, what comes before small galaxies? “Ithinkthisnewresearchispresent- inguswiththequestion,howdoesthep rocessofgalaxyformationfirst begin? Can such small, building- blockgalaxiesbeformedinaquiet way,beforechaoticmergersbegin, astheirpoint-likeappearancesug- gests?” Yan said. To begin answer- ing that question, as well as to determine more about the nature of their odd platypuses, the team saystheyneedamuchlargersample than nine to analyze, and with higher-resolution spectra. “We cast a wide net, and we founda few examples of something in- credible.Thesenineobjectsweren’t thefocus;theywerejustintheback- groundofbroadWebbsurveys,” said Yan. “Now it’s time to think about the implications of that, and how we can use Webb’s capabilities to learnmore.” ■ - ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ 2 0 2 6 ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒ ﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻘﻤﺔ ـﺎﻟﻤﺠﺮة ﻓﻲﻋ ﻨـﺔ ﺻـﻐ ة ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻤﺠـﺮات ﻣﻤﺜﻠـﺔ ﻫﻨـﺎ ﻟﻔﺘﺖ اﻧﺘ ﺎﻩ اﻟ ﺎﺣﺜ اﻟﻀ ﻘﺔ اﻟ ﺎرزة ﻓﻲ اﻷﻃ ﺎف اﻟ CEERS 4233-42232 . إن اﻟـ ـ ـﻒ أﺿـﻴﻖ ﻃ ﻤﻊ ﺑـ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ وﻣﻈﻬﺮﻧﻘﻄﻲدﻗﻴﻖ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺠﺮات ﻣﻤ ة . ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﺗ ﻮن ﻣﺼﺎدراﻟﻀﻮء اﻟﻨﻘﻄ ﺔ اﻟ ﻌ ﺪة ﻫﻲ اﻟ ﻮازارات ﻟﻜﻦ أﻃ ﺎف اﻟ ﻮازارات ﺗﺘﻤ ﺸ ﻞ أوﺳﻊ ﻜﺜ . [NASA, ESA, CSA, Joseph Olmsted (STScI)] ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﻤﻜـﻨﻬﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋ ﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻮرة واﺣﺪة، وﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻬﺬه ا ﺼﺎدر اﻟﺘﺴﻌﺔ، ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎت اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ . ﻓﻬﻲ ﺑﻌﻴﺪة ﺟﺪًا ﻟﺘﻜﻮن ﻧﺠﻮﻣًﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨـﺎ، وﺧﺎﻓﺘـﺔ ﺟـﺪًا ﻟﺘﻜـﻮن ﻛﻮازارات، اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺴـﻄﻮﻋﻬﺎ اﻟﺸـﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻔﻮق ﺑﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺠﺮاﺗﻬﺎ ا ﻀـﻴﻔﺔ . ﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن اﻷﻃﻴﺎف ﺗﺸـﺒﻪ ا ﺠـﺮات ا " ﺴﻤﺎة اﻟﺒﺎزﻻء اﻟﺨ " ﴬاء اﻷﻗﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ اً اﻟﺘﻲ اﻛﺘ ﺸﻔﺖ ﻋﺎم 2009 ﻓﺈن ا ﺠـﺮات ﰲ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ . ﻳﻘﻮل ﻳـﺎن " : ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻫـﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل ﻣﻊ اﻷﻃﻴﺎف، ﻓﺈن اﻟﺸـﻔﺮة اﻟﻮراﺛﻴـﺔ ا ﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻟﺤﻴﻮان ﺧ ﻠﺪ ا ﺎء ﺗﻘﺪم ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣـﺎت إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺗ ﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﺪى ﻏﺮاﺑﺔ ﻫﺬا ا ﻟﺤﻴـﻮان إذ ﻳﺘﺸــﺎرك ﺳــﻤﺎت وراﺛﻴــﺔ ﻣــﻊ اﻟﻄﻴــﻮر وا ﻟﺰواﺣـﻒ واﻟﺜـﺪﻳﻴﺎت ." وﻳﻀـﻴﻒ " : ﻣﻌـﺎً ﺗ ﺨﱪﻧ ـﺎ ﺻـﻮر ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺟـﻴﻤﺲ وﻳــﺐ وأ ﻃﻴﺎﻓﻪ أن ﻫﺬه ا ﺠﺮات ﺗﻤﺘﻠﻚ ﻣﺰﻳﺠ ﺎً ﻏ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻤﺎت ." وأوﺿﺢ ﻳﺎن أن ﻗﻤـﻢ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎث اﻟﻄﻴﻔﻲ ا ﻤﻴﺰة ﻟﻠﻜﻮازارات اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻴــﺔ ﺗﺒ ـﺪو ﻛ ـﺎﻟﺘﻼل ذات اﻟﻘﺎﻋــﺪة اﻟﻌ ﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺪل ﻋﲆ اﻟﴪﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎز اﻟﺬ ي ﻳﺪور ﺣﻮل ﺛﻘﺒﻬﺎ اﻷﺳﻮد اﻟﻬﺎﺋـﻞ . أﻣـﺎ ﻣ" ﻗﻤﻢ ﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺧﻠـﺪ ا ـﺎء " ﻓﻬـﻲ ﺿـﻴﻘﺔ وﺣﺎدة ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺪل ﻋﲆ ﺣﺮﻛـﺔ ﻏـﺎز أﺑﻄـﺄ . ﰲ ا ﻘﺎﺑﻞ، ﻓﺈن ﻗﻤـﻢ " ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﺔ ﺧﻠـﺪ ا ـﺎء " ﺑ ﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺠـﺮات ذات ﺧﻄـﻮط ﻃﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺿﻴﻘﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ ﺛﻘـﻮب ﺳـﻮداء ﻓﺎﺋﻘـﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ ﻧﺸـﻄﺔ إﻻ أﻧﻬـﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻤﺘﻠـﻚ اﻟﺴـﻤﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﻴـﺰ اﻟﻌﻴﻨـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺣـﺪدﻫﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﺎن وﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻫـﻞ اﻛﺘﺸـﻒ ﻓﺮﻳـﻖ ﻳـﺎن ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﻔﻘﻮدة ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن؟ ﺑﻤﺠﺮد أن ﻗﺮر اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ أن اﻷﺟ ﺴﺎم ﻻ ﺗﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻜﻮازار ﻗﺎم ﻃﺎ ﻟـﺐ اﻟﺪراﺳـﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑـﺎﻧﻎ ﺗﺸـﻨﻎ ﺻـﻦ ﺑﺘﺤﻠﻴـﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎك دﻻﺋﻞ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺠﺮات ﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم . ﻗـﺎل ﺻـﻦ " : ﻣـﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻷﻃﻴﺎف ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ اﻟﺪﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﺳـﺘﺒﻌﺎد اﺣﺘﻤـﺎل أن ﺗﻜـﻮن ﻫـﺬه اﻷﺟﺴﺎم اﻟﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﺠﺮات ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم . ﺗﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻊ ﻫـﺬا ا ﻻﺣﺘﻤـﺎل ." وأﺿﺎف " : اﻷﻣﺮ اﻟﻐﺮﻳﺐ ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻫـﻮ أن ا ﺠﺮات ﺻﻐ ة ﺟـﺪ اً وﻣﻀـﻐﻮﻃﺔ ﻋـﲆ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﺲ وﻳﺐ ﻳﺘﻤﺘـﻊ ﺑﻘﺪرة ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺴـﻤﺢ ﻟـﻪ ﺑﺈﻇﻬـﺎر اﻟﻜﺜ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ﻫـﺬه ا ﺴـﺎﻓﺔ ." أﺣﺪ ا ﻘﱰﺣﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻫـﻮ أن ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﺲ وﻳﺐ ﻛﻤﺎ وﻋﺪ ﻳﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺒﻜﺮة ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ا ﺠﺮات وﺗﻄﻮرﻫﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻤﺎ اﺳﺘﻄﻌﻨ ﺎ رؤﻳﺘـﻪ ﻣـﻦ ﻗﺒـﻞ . ﻣـﻦ ا ﻘﺒﻮل ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ﺎُ ﰲ أوﺳﺎط ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ أن ا ﺠﺮات اﻟﻜﺒ ة واﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ، ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨﺎ أن ا ﺠﺮات اﻟﻜﺒ ة واﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨـﺎ درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﻧﻤﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻧﺪﻣﺎ ج اﻟﻌﺪﻳـﺪ ﻣﻦ ا ﺠﺮات اﻷﺻﻐﺮ ﻟﻜﻦ . ﻳﺘﺴﺎءل ﻳﺎن : ﻣـﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺒ ﻖ ا ﺠﺮات اﻟﺼﻐ ة؟ أﻋﺘﻘﺪ أن ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﻄـﺮح ﻋﻠﻴﻨـﺎ اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﺘـﺎﱄ : ﻛﻴـﻒ ﺗﺒـﺪأ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﺗﻜـﻮﻳﻦ ا ﺠﺮات؟ ﻫﻞ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺘ ﺸﻜﻞ ﻫﺬه ا ﺠﺮات اﻟﺼﻐ ة اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ اﻟﻠﺒﻨـﺎت اﻷﺳﺎﺳـﻴﺔ ﺑﻬ ـﺪوء ﻗﺒ ـﻞ أن ﺗﺒ ـﺪأ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ ـﺎت اﻻﻧــﺪﻣﺎج اﻟﻔﻮﺿـﻮﻳﺔ وﻟﻠﺒــﺪء ﰲ اﻹﺟﺎﺑـﺔ ﻋـﲆ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺴﺆال وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ا ﺰﻳـﺪ ﻋـﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﺔ ﻫﺬه ا ﺠﺮات اﻟﻐﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻓﺎن اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﱃ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ أﻛﱪ ﺑﻜﺜ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻣﺠﺮات ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ وﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام أﻃﻴــﺎف ذات دﻗــﺔ أﻋــﲆ إن . اﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺎت اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺳﻴﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﻼ ﺷﻚ إﻋﺎدة ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺗﻨـﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺣﻮل وﻻدة اﻟﻨﺠﻮم وﺗﺠﻤـﻊ ا ـﺎدة . ﻟﻘﺪ أﺟﺮﻳﻨﺎ ﺑﺤﺜـ ﺎً واﺳـﻊ اﻟﻨﻄـﺎق ووﺟـﺪﻧﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﲆﳾء ﻣﺬﻫﻞ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻫـﺬه اﻷﺟﺴﺎم اﻟﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﱰﻛﻴﺰ ﺑـﻞ ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﻣﺠﺮد ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺴﻮح وﻳﺐ اﻟﻮاﺳﻌﺔ . ﻗﺎل ﻳﺎن ": ﻟﻘﺪ ﺣﺎن ا ﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻵن ﻟﻠﺘﻔﻜـ ﰲ دﻻﻻت ذﻟــﻚ و ﻛﻴــﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨــﺎ اﺳــﺘﺨﺪام إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎت ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﺲ وﻳﺐ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ ا ﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ا ﻌﺮﻓﺔ «.