Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2026 ARABIC VERSION

MARCH-APRIL2026 ASTROPUBLISHING 43 galaxy along the line-of-sight be- tween Earth and the GRB source. Thesedetailsabouttheenvironment of GRB 250702B provide important constraintsonthesystemthatpro- duced the initial outburst of gam- ma-rays. Of the roughly 15,000 GRBs observed since the phenomenon wasfirstrecognizedin1973,onlya halfdozencomeclosetothelength ofGRB250702B.Theirproposedori- gins range from the collapse of a bluesupergiantstar,atidaldisrup- tionevent,oranewbornmagnetar. GRB 250702B, however, doesn’t fit neatly into any known category. Fromthedataobtainedsofar,scien- tistshaveafewideasofpossibleori- ginscenarios:(1)ablackholefalling intoastarthat’sbeenstrippedofits hydrogen and is now almost purely helium,(2)astar(orsub-stellarob- ject such as a planet or brown dwarf) being disrupted during a closeencounterwithastellarcom- pactobject,suchasastellarblack hole or a neutron star, in what is known as a micro-tidal disruption event,(3)astarbeingtornapartas it falls into an intermediate-mass black hole — a type of black hole with a mass ranging from one hun- dred to one hundred thousand timesthemassofourSunthatisbe- lievedtoexistinabundance,buthas sofarbeenverydifficulttofind.Ifit isthelatterscenario,thiswouldbe the first timein historythat humans havewitnessedarelativisticjetfrom an intermediate mass black hole in the act of consuming a star. While more observations are needed to conclusively determine the cause of GRB 250702B, the data acquired so far remain consistent with these novel explanations. “This work pres- ents a fascinating cosmic archaeol- ogy problem in which we’re re- constructing the details of an event that occurred billions of light-years away,” saysCarney. “Theuncovering of these cosmic mysteries demon- strates how much we are still learn- ing about the Universe’s most ex- treme events and reminds us tokeep imagining what might be hap- peningoutthere.” ■ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 43 - ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ 2 0 2 6 ﺗُﻘﺪّم ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻـﻴﻞ ﺣـﻮل ﺑﻴﺌـﺔ اﻧﻔﺠـﺎر أﺷﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻣﺎ GRB 250702B ﻗﻴـﻮدًا ﻣﻬﻤـﺔ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺬي أﻧﺘﺞ اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر اﻷوﱄ ﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ 15000 اﻧﻔﺠـﺎر أﺷﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻣﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ر ﺻﺪت ﻣﻨﺬ اﻛﺘ ﺸﺎف ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮة ﻷول ﻣﺮة ﻋـﺎم 1873 ﻟـﻢ ﻳﻘـﱰب ﺳﻮى ﺳﺘﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻮل اﻧﻔﺠـﺎر أﺷـﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻣـﺎ GRB 250702B وﺗـﱰاوح أﺻـﻮﻟﻬﺎ ا اﻧﻬﻴﺎر ﻧﺠـﻢ ﻋﻤـﻼق أزرق أو ﻘﱰﺣﺔ ﺑ ﺣﺪث ﺗﻤﺰق ﻣﺪي أو ﻧﺠ ﻢ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﴘﺣﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﻮﻻدة . ﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻻ ﻳﻨـﺪرج اﻧﻔﺠـﺎر أﺷـﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻣـﺎ GRB 250702B ﺿـﻤﻦ أي ﻓﺌ ـﺔ . ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺔ اﻧﻄﻼ ﻗًﺎ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗـﻢ اﻟ ﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ﺣﺘـﻰ اﻵن . ﻟـﺪى اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻓﻜﺎر ﺣﻮل اﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎرﻳﻮﻫﺎت ا ﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻷﺻﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮة ) :١ ( ﺳﻘﻮط ﺛﻘﺐ أﺳﻮد ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻓﻜﺎر ﺣﻮل اﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎرﻳﻮﻫﺎت ا ﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻷﺻﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮة ) :1 ( ﺳﻘﻮط ﺛﻘﺐ أﺳﻮد ﰲ ﻧﺠﻢ ﺟُﺮﱢ د ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴـﺪروﺟ وأﺻـﺒﺢ اﻵن ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺷﺒﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﻠﻴـﻮم )2 ( ﺗﻤﺰق ﻧﺠﻢ ) أو ﺟﺴـﻢ ﺷـﺒﻪ ﻧﺠﻤـﻲ ﻣﺜـﻞ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ أو ﻗﺰم ﺑﻨﻲ ( أﺛﻨﺎء اﻗﱰاﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺴـﻢ ﻧﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﻀﻐﻮط، ﻣﺜ ﻞ ﺛﻘﺐ أﺳﻮد ﻧﺠﻤﻲ أ و ﻧﺠﻢ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﺮوﻧﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺮف ﺑﺤـﺪث اﻟﺘﻤـﺰق ا ﺪ ) ي اﻟﺼﻐ 3 ( ﺗﻤﺰق ﻧﺠﻢ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺳﻘﻮﻃﻪ ﰲ ﺛﻘﺐ أﺳﻮد ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ وﻫﻮ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء ﺗـﱰاوح ﻛﺘﻠﺘـﻪ ﺑـ ﻣﺌـﺔ وﻣﺌﺔ أﻟﻒ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ وﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ أﻧـﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﻮﻓﺮة وﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﺟـﺪ اً اﻟﻌ ﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن . إذا ﻛـﺎن اﻟﺴـﻴﻨﺎ رﻳﻮ اﻷﺧ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ، ﻓﺴـﺘﻜﻮن ﻫـﺬه ﻫـﻲ ا ﺮة اﻷوﱃ ﰲ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﴩ اﻷﺧ ﻓﻬﺬه ﻫﻲ ا ﺮة اﻷوﱃ ﰲ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﴩ ﻧﻔﺎﺛﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺛﻘـﺐ أﺳﻮد ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ أﺛﻨـﺎء اﻟﺘﻬـﺎم ﻧﺠـﻢ . ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺰال ﻫﻨـﺎك ﺣﺎﺟـﺔ إﱃ ﻣﺰﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻷرﺻﺎد ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻧﻔﺠﺎر أﺷﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻣـﺎ GRB 250702B ﺑﺸــﻜﻞ ﻗــﺎﻃﻊ إﻻ أن اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﻬـﺎ ﺣﺘـﻰ اﻵن ﺗﻈـﻞ ﻣﺘﺴﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﻔﺴ ات اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة . ﻳﻘﻮل ﻛﺎرﻧﻲ " : ﻳﻘﺪم ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻧﻈﺮة ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻨﺎء ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺣﺪث وﻗﻊ ﻋﲆ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻠﻴﺎرات اﻟﺴﻨ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ و ﻣـﺪى ﻣـﺎ زﻟﻨـﺎ ﻧﺘﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﻋـﻦ أﻛﺜـﺮ أﺣـﺪاث اﻟﻜـﻮن ﺗﻄﺮﻓًـﺎ وﻳﺬﻛﺮﻧﺎ ﺑﺄن ﻧﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺗﺨﻴﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺤـﺪث ﰲ أﻋﻤﺎق اﻟﻜﻮن ."