Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2026 ARABIC VERSION

MARCH-APRIL2026 ASTROPUBLISHING camewheninfraredobservationsac- quiredbyESO’sVeryLargeTelescope (VLT)establishedthatthesourceof GRB 250702B is located in a galaxy outside of ours, which until then hadremainedaquestion.Following this, a team of astronomers led by JonathanCarney,graduatestudent at the University of North Carolina atChapelHill,setouttocapturethe event’s evolving afterglow, or the fading light emissions that follow theinitial,extremelybrightflashof gamma-rays.Thepropertiesofthese emissions can provide clues about the type of event that caused the GRB.Tobetterunderstandthena- ture of this record-breaking event, theteamusedthreeoftheworld’s most powerful ground-based tele- scopes:theNSFVíctorM.Blanco4- meter Telescope and the twin 8.1- meter International Gemini Obser- vatorytelescopes.Thistrioobserved GRB 250702B starting roughly 15 hoursafterthefirstdetectionuntil about 18 dayslater. The teampre- sentedtheirfindingsinapaperpub- lished in The Astrophysical Journal Letters .TheBlancotelescopeislo- cated in Chile at NSF Cerro Tololo Inter-AmericanObservatory(CTIO), a Program of NSF NOIRLab. The In- ternationalGeminiObservatorycon- raysandpinpointeditson-skyloca- tion in X-rays, astronomers around the world launched campaigns to observe the event in additional wavelengths of light. One of the firstrevelationsaboutthisevent ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 41 - ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ 2 0 2 6 ﻌـﺮض ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺮﺳــﻢ اﻟﺘﻮﺿــﻴ ــﺔ اﻟﺴـﺮﻋﺔ ﻣــﻦ ﺤﻲ ﻧﻔﺎﺛــﺔ ﻋﺎﻟ اﻟﻤـﻮاد ﺗﻨﻄﻠــﻖ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺼــﺪرﻣ ﻨــﺪﻣﺞ ﻓــﻲﻣﺠـﺮة ـﺎر ﺷـﺪ ﺪة اﻟﻐ اﻧﻔﺠـﺎر أﺷـﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻣـﺎ GRB 250702B وﻫـﻮ أﻃـﻮل اﻧﻔﺠـﺎر أﺷـﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻣـﺎ رﺻـﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﻋﻠـــﻰ اﻹﻃـــﻼق . ﺗـــﻢ رﺻـــﺪ ﻫـــﺬا اﻻﻧﻔﺠـــﺎر اﻟﻬﺎﺋـــﻞ ﺧـــﺎرج اﻟﻤﺠـــﺮة ﻷول ﻣـــﺮة ﻓـــﻲ 2 ﻳﻮﻟﻴـــﻮ 2025 . وﻗـــﺪ أﻇﻬـــﺮ اﻧﻔﺠـــﺎرات ﻣﺘﻜـــﺮرة اﺳـــﺘﻤﺮ ﻷﻛـــ ﻣــــﻦ ﺳـــﺒﻊ ﺳـــﺎﻋﺎت . أﺟـــﺮىﻋﻠﻤــــﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـــﻚ ﻣﺘﺎ ﻌـــﺎتﺳـــﺮ ﻌﺔ ﺎﺳــــﺘ ﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴ ﻮ ﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﺣﻮل اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ووﺟﺪوا أن GRB 250702B ﻘﻊ ﻓﻲﻣﺠﺮة ﻛﺒ ة ﺷﺪ ﺪة اﻟﻐ ﺎر . ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﺑ ﺎﻧـﺎ ﺗﻬﻢ ﻣ ﻤﻮﻋـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺳـ ﻨﺎر ﻮﻫﺎت اﻷﺻـﻞ ــﻢ ـﻢ و ﺛﻘـﺐ أﺳـﻮد، أو رﻤـﺎ ﻧ ﻧ ﻤـﺎ ﻓـﻲذﻟــﻚ اﻟﺘﻔـﺎﻋﻼت ﺑـ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﺮوﻧﻲ . [NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/M. Garlick] رﺻﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ أﻃﻮ ل اﻧﻔﺠﺎر ﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻃﻼق وﻫﻮ اﻧﻔﺠﺎرﻫﺎﺋﻞﺧﺎرج اﻟﻤﺠﺮة اﺳﺘﻤﺮﻷﻛ ﻣــــﻦ ﺳــــﺒﻊ ﺳــــﺎﻋﺎت وﻗــــﺪ وﻓــــ ــــﺎت اﻟﺮﺻــــﺪ ﺮ ﻋﻤﻠ اﻟﻼﺣﻘــــﺔ اﻟﺴــــﺮ ﻌﺔ ــــﺎﻣ ا اﻟﻄﺎﻗــــ ﺎﺳــــﺘﺨﺪام ﺔ اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻤــــﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ وزارة اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻜ ﺔ وﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﺟ ﻤ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻮل ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ا ـﺔ ﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴـﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨ ـــﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠـــﻮم اﻷﻣﺮ ﻜ ـــﺪﻳﺮﻩ ﻣﺨﺘـــ أﺑﺤـــﺎث ﻋﻠـــﻢ اﻟﻔﻠـــﻚ اﻟ ﺼـــﺮيواﻷﺷـــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـــﺖ اﻟـــ واﻟـــﺬ ـ ) ﻤﺮاء ﻧـــﻮﻳﺮﻻب ( ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺎﻟﻐﺔ اﻷﻫﻤ ﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻷﺻﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟ ـ ﺤﺪث اﻻ ﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲواﻟﻤﺠﺮ اﺳﺘﻀﺎﻓﺘﮫ ة اﻟ . [International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/M. Garlick. Image processing:M. Zamani & D. de Martin (NSF NOIRLab). Motion graphics: M. Garrison] https://noirlab.edu/public/videos/noirlab2531c/ ﻣﻮﻗ ﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﰲ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ أﻃﻠـﻖ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﺣـﻮل اﻟﻌـﺎﻟﻢ ﺣﻤـﻼت ﻟﺮﺻـﺪ اﻟﺤﺪث ﰲ أﻃﻮال ﻣﻮﺟﻴﺔ إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﻮء . ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن أﺣـﺪ أوﱃ اﻻﻛﺘﺸـﺎﻓﺎت ﺣـﻮل ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺤﺪث ﻫﻮ رﺻﺪ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﺬي أﺟﺮاه اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﺟﺪًا اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻﺪ أﺟﺮاه اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﺟﺪ اً اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ واﻟﺬي أﺛﺒـﺖ أن ﻣﺼـﺪر اﻧﻔﺠﺎر أﺷﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻣﺎ GRB 250702B ﻳﻘﻊ ﰲ ﻣﺠﺮة ﺧﺎ رج ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨﺎ وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻇﻞ ﻟﻐﺰ اً ﺣﺘﻰ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺤ وﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﴍع ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻋ ﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠ ـﻚ ﺑﻘﻴ ـﺎدة ﺟﻮﻧﺎﺛ ـﺎن ﻛ ـﺎرﻧﻲ ﻃﺎﻟ ـﺐ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺟ ﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻧﻮرث ﻛﺎروﻟﻴﻨـﺎ ﰲ ﺗﺸـﺎﺑﻞ ﻫﻴـﻞ ﰲ رﺻـﺪ اﻟﺘـﻮﻫﺞ اﻟﻼﺣـﻖ ا ﺘﻄﻮر ﻟﻠﺤﺪث أو اﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎت اﻟﻀﻮء اﻟﺨﺎﻓﺘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﲇ اﻟـﻮﻣﻴﺾ اﻷوﱄ ﺷـﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺴـﻄﻮع ﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻣ . ﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻫﺬه اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎت أدﻟﺔ ﺣـﻮل ﻧـﻮع اﻟﺤـﺪث اﻟـﺬي ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ اﻧﻔﺠ ﺎر أﺷﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻣﺎ وﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﻃﺒ ﻴﻌﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺤﺪث اﻟﻘﻴﺎﳼ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﻓﻀﻞ اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻔﺮﻳ ـﻖ ﺛﻼﺛ ـﺔ ﻣ ـﻦ أﻗ ـﻮى اﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮﺑﺎت اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻌـﺎﻟﻢ : ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﻓﻴﻜﺘـﻮر إم . اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ : ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻓﻴﻜﺘﻮر ﺑﻼﻧﻜﻮ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم ﺑﻘﻄـﺮ 4 أﻣﺘﺎر وﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨـﻲ اﻟـﺪوﱄ اﻟﺘﻮأم ﺑﻘﻄﺮ 8.1 . ﻣﱰ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗ ﺎم ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ﺑﺮﺻﺪ اﻧﻔﺠﺎر أﺷـﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻣـﺎ GRB 250702B اً ﺑﺪء ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮاﱄ 15 ﺳـﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟ ﺮﺻﺪ اﻷول وﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﻮاﱄ 18 ﻳﻮﻣـﺎً م وﻗـﺪ اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ ﻧﺘـﺎﺋﺠﻬﻢ ﰲ ورﻗـﺔ ﺑﺤﺜﻴـﺔ ﻧ ﴩت ﰲ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ رﺳـﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺑﻼﻧﻜﻮ ﰲ ﺗﺸـﻴﲇ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ ﺳ و ﺗﻮﻟﻮﻟﻮ اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴـﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم وﻫﻮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺨﺘـﱪ ﻧـﻮﻳﺮﻻب اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺮﺻـﺪ ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨـﻲ اﻟـﺪوﱄ ﻓﻬـﻮ ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣـﻦ ﺗﻠﺴـ ﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨـﻲ ﻧـﻮرث ﰲ ﻫﺎواي وﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﺳﺎوث . ﰲ ﺗﺸﻴﲇ وﻫـﻮ ﻣﻤـﻮل ﺟﺰﺋﻴًـﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﻗِﺒـﻞ ا ﺆﺳﺴـﺔ