Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2026 ARABIC VERSION

ASTROPUBLISHING 35 saw the impact of mas- siveobjectsaroundthe star. The Fomalhaut system appears to bein a dynamical up-heaval, similar to what our Solar System expe- rienced in its first few hundred million years after formation. “This is certainly the first time I’ve ever seen a point of light appear out of nowhere in an exoplanetary system,” saidprincipalinvestiga- tor Paul Kalas of the UniversityofCalifornia, Berkeley. “It’s absent in all of our previous Hubble images, which meansthatwejustwit- nessedaviolentcolli- sion between two massive objects andahugedebriscloudunlikeany- thinginourownSolarSystemtoday. Amazing!” Just 25 light-years from Earth, Fomalhaut is one of the brighteststarsinthenightsky.Lo- cated in the constellation Piscis Aus- trinus, also known as the Southern Fish,itismoremassiveandbrighter thantheSunandisencircledbysev-eral belts of dusty debris. In 2008, scientistsusedHubbletodiscovera candidate planet around Fomalhaut, making it the first stellar system with a possible planet found using visiblelight.Thatobject,calledFo- malhautb,nowappearstobeadust cloud masquerading as a planet – the result of colliding planetesimals. While searching for Fomalhaut b in recent Hubble observations, scien- tistsweresurprisedtofindasecond point of light at a similar location aroundthestar.Theycallthisobject “circumstellar source 2” or “cs2” whilethefirstobjectisnowknown as“cs1.”Whyastronomersaresee-ing both of these debris clouds so physicallyclosetoeachotherisa mystery.Ifthecollisionsbetweenas- teroids and planetesimals were ran- dom, cs1 and cs2 should appear by chance at unrelated locations. Yet, they are positioned intriguingly near each other along the inner portionof Fomalhaut’s outer debris disk. Anothermysteryiswhyscientists havewitnessedthesetwoevents within such a short timeframe. “Previoustheorysuggestedthatthere should be one collision every 100,000years,orlonger.Here,in20 years, we’ve seen two,” explained Paul. “If you had a movie of the last 3000 years, and it was sped up sothat every year was a fraction of a second, imagine how many flashes you’dseeoverthattime.Fomal- haut’splanetarysystemwouldbe sparklingwiththesecollisions.” Col- lisions are fundamental to the evo- lutionofplanetarysystems,butthey are rare and difficult to study. “The excitingaspectofthisobservationis thatitallowsresearcherstoestimate both the size of the colliding bodies and how many of them there are in thedisk,informationwhichisal- most impossible to get by any other means,” said co-author Mark Wyatt at the University of Cambridge in England. “Our estimates put the planetesimals that were destroyed tocreatecs1andcs2atjust30kmin size,andweinferthatthereare300 million such objects orbiting in the Fomalhaut system.” “The system is a natural laboratory to probe how planetesimals behave when undergoing collisions, whichin turn tells us about what they are made of and how they formed,” ex- plained Mark. The transient natureofFomalhautcs1andcs2posesch al-lengesforfuturespacemissionsaim- ing to directly image exoplanets. Such telescopes may mistake dust clouds like cs1 and cs2 for actual planets. “Fomalhaut cs2 looks ex- actly like an extrasolar planet re- flecting starlight,” said Paul. “What we learned from studying cs1 is that a large dust cloud can masquerade asaplanetformanyyears.Thisisa cautionarynoteforfuturemissions thataimtodetectextrasolarplanets inreflectedlight.” ■ MARCH-APRIL2026 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 35 ﺗﺄﺛ أﺟﺴﺎم ﺿـﺨﻤﺔ ﺗـﺪور . ﺣﻮﻟـﻪ ﻳﺒـﺪو أن ﻧﻈـﺎم ﻓـﻢ اﻟﺤــﻮت ﻳﺸــﻬﺪ اﺿــﻄﺮاﺑﺎً دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺎً ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺎً ﺎ ﺷـﻬﺪه ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﴘ ﰲ أول ﻣﺌﺎت ا ﻼﻳ ـ ﻣ ـﻦ اﻟﺴ ـﻨ ﺑﻌ ـﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻨﻪ . ﻫﺬه ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴـﺪ ا ـﺮة اﻷوﱃ اﻟﺘﻲ أرى ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﻧﻘﻄـﺔ ﺿـﻮء ﺗﻈﻬـﺮ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻌـﺪم ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻲ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ . ﻗﺎل اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﻟﺮﺋـ ﻴﴘـ ﺑـﻮل ﻛـــﺎﻻس ﻣـــﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـــﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮرﻧﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺑ ﻛﲇ ": إﻧﻬـﺎ ﻏﺎﺋﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺻـﻮر ﻫﺎﺑـﻞ اﻟﺴ ـﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﻤ ـﺎ ﻳﻌﻨ ـﻲ أﻧﻨ ـﺎ ﺷﻬﺪﻧﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻮ اﺻﻄﺪاﻣ ﺎً ﻴﻔـ ﻋﻨ ﺎً ﺑــ ﺟﺴــﻤ ﺿــﺨﻤ وﺳـﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺣﻄ ـﺎم ﻫﺎﺋﻠ ـﺔ ﻻ ﻣﺜﻴﻞ ﻟﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸ ﻤﴘ ـ اﻟﻴﻮمــــــــــــــــــــــــ . ﻓﻢ اﻟﺤﻮت ﻳﺒﻌ ﺪ 25 ﺳـﻨﺔ ﺿـﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻷرض ﻌﺪ أﺣ ﻳو ﺪ أ ـﻊ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﰲ . ﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﻤﺎء اﻟ ﻳﻘﻊ ﰲ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﺔ اﻟﺤﻮت اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ا ﻌﺮوﻓﺔ أﻳﻀ ﺎُ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﺤﻮت اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ وﻫـﻮ أﺿﺨﻢ وأﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻄﻮﻋ ﺎً ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ وﻳﺤـﻴﻂ ﺑﻪ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﺰﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻄﺎم اﻟﻐﺒﺎري . ﰲ ﻋﺎم 2008 اﺳـﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑﻞ ﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﻣﺤﺘﻤـﻞ ﺣـﻮل ﻓـﻢ اﻟﺤﻮت ﻣﻤﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﻪ أول ﻧﻈﺎم ﻧﺠﻤﻲ ﻳ ﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﻓﻴـﻪ ﻛﻮﻛـﺐ ﻣﺤﺘﻤـﻞ ﺑ ﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻀـﻮء ا ﺮﺋﻲ . ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ا ﺴﻤﻰ ﻓـ ﻮت ب ﺤـ اﻟ ﻢ ﻳﺒﺪو اﻵن أﻧﻪ ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻏﺒﺎر ﻋﲆ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ا ﺻﻄﺪام ﻛﻮﻳﻜﺒﺎت . أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺤـ اﻟ ﻢﻓ ﻮت ب ﰲ ارﺻـﺎد ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑـﻞ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻓﻮﺟﺊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﲆ ﻧﻘﻄـﺔ ﺿﻮ ء ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺣـﻮل اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ . أﻃﻠﻘﻮا ﻋﲆ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺠﺴـﻢ ا ﺼـﺪر ا ﺤـﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺠﻢ 2 أو (CS2) ﺑﻴﻨﻤـﺎ ﻳ ﻌـﺮف اﻟﺠﺴـﻢ اﻷول اﻵن ﺑﺎﺳﻢ .(CS1) ـﺎذا ﻳـﺮى ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﻫـﺎﺗ ا ﻟﺴـﺤﺎﺑﺘ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺤﻄـﺎم ﻣﺘﻘـﺎرﺑﺘ ﺟــﺪ اً ﻳﺒﻘـﻰ ﻟﻐـﺰاً ﻓﻠـﻮ ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﺗﺼﺎدﻣﺎت اﻟﻜﻮﻳ ﻜﺒﺎت واﻟﻜﻮﻳﻜﺒﺎت اﻟﺼﻐ ة ﻋﺸـﻮاﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻜـﺎن ﻣـﻦ ا ﻔـﱰض أن ﺗﻈﻬــﺮ ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺘﺎ اﻟﺤ ﻄـﺎم CS1 و CS2 ﺑﺎﻟﺼـﺪ ﻓﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﻏ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ . وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﻘﻌﺎن ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺜ ﻟﻼﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﻏ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ . وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﻘﻌﺎن ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺜ ﻟﻼﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻋﲆ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺠﺰء ا ﻟﺪاﺧﲇ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮص اﻟﺤﻄﺎم اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻟﻔ . ﻮتﺤاﻟ ﻢ ﻟﻐﺰ آﺧـﺮ ﻫـﻮ ـﺎذا ﺷﻬﺪ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ا ﻟﺤـﺪﺛ ﺧـﻼل ﻓـﱰة زﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﺼ ة ﺟﺪ .اً أوﺿﺢ ﺑﻮل :" اﻗﱰﺣـﺖ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ أﻧﻪ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﻨـﺎك ﺗﺼﺎدم واﺣﺪ ﻛـﻞ 100,000 ﺳـﻨﺔ أو أﻛﺜـﺮ وﻟﻜﻦ ﺧﻼل 20 ﺳﻨﺔ رأﻳﻨﺎ اﺛﻨ ﻟـو ﻮ ﻛـﺎن ﻟ ـﺪﻳﻚ ﻓـﻴﻠﻢ ﻋـﻦ آﺧـﺮ 3000 ﺳـﻨﺔ وﺗـﻢ ـﺗ ﴪﻳﻌﻪ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺟـﺰء اً ﻣـﻦ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺨﻴﻞ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻮﻣﻀـ ﺎت اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺳـﱰاﻫﺎ ﺧﻼل ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻔﱰة ﺳﻴﻜﻮن ﻧﻈﺎم ﻓ ﻟﺤـ ا ﻢ ﻮت اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻲ ﻣﺘﺄﻟﻘـ ﺎً ﺑﻬـﺬه اﻟﺘﺼـﺎ دﻣﺎت اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻄـﻮر اﻷﻧﻈﻤـﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻴـ ﺔ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﺎدرة وﻳﺼـﻌﺐ دراﺳـﺘﻬﺎ و اﻟﺠﺎﻧـﺐ ا ﺜ ﻫﻮ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺜ ﺑﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻷ ﺟﺴـﺎم ا ﺘﺼـﺎدﻣﺔ وﻋـﺪدﻫﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻘـﺮص وﻫﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻳﻜﺎد ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣـﻦ ا ﺴـﺘﺤ ﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺄي وﺳﻴﻠﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻛﻤﺎ . ﻗﺎل ا ﺆﻟﻒ ا ﺸﺎرك ﻣـﺎرك واﻳـﺖ ﻣـﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﱪﻳﺪج ﰲ إﻧﺠﻠﱰا " . ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮاﺗﻨﺎ ﺗﺸ إﱃ أن اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﺼﻐ ة اﻟﺘﻲ د ﻣﺮت ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ CS1 و CS2 ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺣﺠﻤﻬـﺎ 30 اً ﻛﻴﻠـﻮﻣﱰ ﻓﻘـﻂ وﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ أن ﻫﻨﺎك 300 ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺟﺴـﻢ ﻣـﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﺗﺪور ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻓﻢ .ﻮتﺤاﻟ وﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ أن ﻫﻨﺎك 300 ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺟﺴـﻢ ﻣـﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﺗﺪور ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻓ .ﻮتﺤاﻟ ﻢ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻣﺨﺘـﱪ اً ﺎً ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴـ ﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ ﺳﻠﻮك اﻟﻜﻮا ﻛـﺐ اﻟﺼـﻐ ة ﻋﻨـﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﺿـﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺎدﻣﺎت وﻫﻮ ﻣـﺎ ﻳﺨﱪﻧـﺎ ﺑـ ﺪوره ﻋـﻦ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻬﺎ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺸـﻜﻠﻬﺎ ". إن اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌـﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮة ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻲ ﻓـ ﻮتﺤـ اﻟ ﻢ CS1 و CS2 ﺗ ﺸــﻜﻞ ﺗﺤــﺪﻳﺎت ﻟﻠﺒﻌﺜــﺎت اﻟﻔﻀــﺎﺋﻴﺔ ا ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻬﺪف إﱃ ﺗﺼ ﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﴍ ﻘﺪ ﺗ ﻓ ﺨﻄـﺊ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎتﰲ رﺻﺪ ﺳﺤﺐ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﻣﺜﻞ CS1 و CS2 ﻓﺘﻈﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﻮاﻛـﺐ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴـﺔ . إن ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ اﻟ ـ ﺒﴫي ا ﻌﻘـﺪ ﻳﻔـﺮضﴐورة ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ دﻗـﺔ ﻟﺘﺠﻨـﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ا ﻀﻠﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﺘﻨﺰف ﻣﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺎت ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﰲ اﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎفﴎاب ﻛﻮﻧﻲ . ﻗﺎل ﺑـﻮل " : ﻳﺒـﺪو ﻓـ ﻮتﺤـ اﻟ ﻢ CS2 ﺎً ﺗﻤﺎﻣـ ﻛﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﺿﻮء اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﰲ ﺣـ ﻣـﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻨﺎه ﻣﻦ دراﺳـﺔ CS1 ﻫـﻮ أن ﺳـﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻏﺒ ـﺎر ﻛﺒــ ة ﻳﻤﻜ ـﻦ أن ﺗُﺨﻔ ـﻲ ﻫﻮﻳﺘﻬ ـﺎ ﻛﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﻟﺴﻨﻮات ﻋﺪﻳﺪة وﻫﺬا ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﺗﺤﺬﻳﺮ ﻟﻠﺒﻌﺜﺎت ا ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﻬـﺪف إﱃ رﺻـﺪ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ﺧﺎرج ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﴘ ﺑﻮاﺳـﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﺎط اﻟﻀﻮء ا ﻨﻌﻜﺲ ". ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻌﺮض ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺼﻤ ﻢ اﻟﺘﺨ ﻠﻲ ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ اﻷﺣﺪاث اﻟ ﻮﻧ ﺔ أدت إﻟﻰ ﺗ ﻮﻳﻦﺳﺤﺎ ﺔ اﻟﻐ ﺎر اﻟ CS2 اﻟ ﺣﻮل ﻨ ﻢ ﻓﻢ اﻟ ـ . ﺤﻮت [NASA, ESA, STScI, R. Crawford (STScI)] - ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ 2 0 2 6