Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2026 ARABIC VERSION

was ‘What the heck is this?’ It’s ex- tremely different from what we ex- pected.” Thisplanet-massobjectwas known to orbit a pulsar, a rapidly spinningneutronstar.Apulsaremits beams of electromagnetic radiation at regular intervals typically ranging from milliseconds to seconds. These pulsing beams can only be seenwhen they are pointing directly to-ward Earth, much like beams from a lighthouse.Thismillisecondpulsar is expected to be emitting mostly gamma rays and other high energy particles, which are invisible to Webb’s infrared vision. Without a brightstarintheway,scientistscan study the planet in intricate detail acrossitswholeorbit. “Thissystemis unique because we are able to view the planet illuminated by its host star,butnotseethehoststaratall,” saidMayaBeleznay,athird-yearPhD candidate at Stanford University in California who worked on modeling the shape of the planet and the geometry of its orbit. “So we get a reallypristinespectrum.Andwecan studythissysteminmoredetailthan normal exoplanets.” “Theplanetorbitsastarthat’scom- pletely bizarre — the mass of the Sun, but the size of a city,” said theUniversityofChicago’sMichael Zhang, the principal investigatoronthisstudy. “Thisisane wtypeof planetatmospherethatnobodyhas everseenbefore.Insteadoffinding thenormalmoleculesweexpectto see on an exoplanet — like water, methane,andcarbondioxide—we sawmolecularcarbon,specificallyC 3 an d C 2 .” Molecular carbon is very unusualbecauseatthesetempera- tures,ifthereareanyothertypesof atoms in the atmosphere, carbon willbindtothem.(Temperatureson theplanetrangefrom1,200degrees Fahrenheitatthecoldestpoints of the night side to 3,700 degrees Fahrenheit at the hottest points of the day side.) Molecular carbon is onlydominantifthere’salmost no oxygen or nitrogen. Out of the approximately 150 planets that as- tronomers have studied inside and outsidethesolarsystem,noothers haveanydetectablemolecularcar- bon. PSR J2322-2650b is extraordi- narilyclosetoitsstar,just1million MARCH-APRIL2026 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 31 اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﻲ :' ﻣـﺎ ﻫـﺬا ﺑﺤـﻖ اﻟﺠﺤـﻴﻢ؟ إﻧـﻪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ﺎ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﻗﻌﻨﺎه ". ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﻣـﻦ ا ﻌﺮوف أن ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠ ﺮم اﻟﺴـﻤﺎوي ذو ﻛﺘﻠـﺔ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﻳﺪور ﺣﻮل ﻧﺠﻢ ﻧـﺎﺑﺾ وﻫـﻮ ﻧ ﺠـﻢ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﺮوﻧﻲ ﻳﺪور ﺑ ـ . ﴪﻋﺔ ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ ﻳﺼﺪر اﻟﻨ ﺠﻢ اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺾ ﺣﺰﻣـ ﺎً ﻣـﻦ اﻹﺷـﻌﺎع اﻟﻜﻬﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃ ﻴـ ﴘ ﻋـﲆ ﻓـﱰات ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤـﺔ ﺗﱰاوح ﻋﺎدة ﺑ أﺟﺰاء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ . وﺛﻮانٍ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ رؤﻳـﺔ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﺤـﺰم اﻟﻨﺎﺑﻀـﺔ إﻻ ﻋﻨ ﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﴍة ﻧﺤـﻮ اﻷرض ﺎً ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ﻣﺜﻞ أﺷـﻌﺔ ا ﻨـﺎرة . ﻣـﻦ ا ﺘﻮﻗـﻊ أن ﻳ ﺼﺪر ﻫﺬا اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﻨـﺎﺑﺾ اﻟـﺬي ﻳـﺪور ﰲ أﺟﺰاء ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﺜﺎﻧﻴـﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟـﺐ أﺷـﻌﺔ ﻏﺎﻣـﺎ وﺟﺴﻴﻤﺎت أﺧﺮى ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ وﻫﻲ ﻏـ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ﺟـﻴﻤﺲ ﻣﺮﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء ﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﺲ وﻳﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ . ﺑﺪون وﺟـﻮد ﻧﺠـ ﻢ ﺳﺎﻃﻊ ﻳﺤﺠﺐ اﻟﺮؤﻳـﺔ ﻳﺴـﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﺑﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﱪ ﻣﺪ اره ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣــﻞ . ﻗﺎﻟ ـﺖ ﻣﺎﻳ ـﺎ ﺑﻴﻠﻴﺰﻧــﺎي ﻃﺎﻟﺒ ـﺔ دﻛﺘﻮراه ﰲ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜ ﺔ ﺑﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﻔﻮرد ﰲ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮرﻧﻴﺎ واﻟﺘـﻲ ﻋﻤﻠـﺖ ﻋـﲆ ﻧﻤﺬﺟـﺔ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ وﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻣﺪاره " : ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻓﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻪ ﻷﻧﻨـﺎ ﻗـﺎدرون ﻋـﲆ رؤﻳـﺔ اﻟﻜ ﻮﻛﺐ ﻣﻀﺎءً ﺑﻨﺠﻤﻪ ا ﻀﻴﻒ ﻟﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻧﺮى اﻟﻨﺠﻢ ا ﻀﻴﻒ ﻋﲆ اﻹﻃﻼق ﻟﺬا ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋـﲆ ﻃﻴﻒ ﻧﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ وﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨـﺎ دراﺳـﺔ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻨﻈــﺎم ﺑﺘﻔﺼــﻴﻞ أﻛــ ﱪ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛــﺐ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ . ﻳﺪور اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﺣﻮل ﻧﺠﻢ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ﻟﻪ ﺎً ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻟﻜـﻦ ﺑﺤﺠـﻢ " . ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻗﺎل ﻣﺎﻳﻜـﻞ ﺗﺸـﺎﻧﻎ ﻣـﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﺔ ﺷﻴﻜﺎﻏﻮ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﴘ ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ . إن ﻫﺬا ﻧ ﻮع ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻼف اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ اﻟﺠﻮي ﻟﻢ ﻳﺮه أﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ . ﺑﺪﻻً ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻌﺜـﻮر ﻋـﲆ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺘﻲ ﻧﺘﻮﻗﻊ رؤﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﻋـﲆ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ا ـﺎء و ا ﻴﺜـﺎن وﺛـﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑـﻮن رأﻳﻨـﺎ اﻟﻜﺮﺑـﻮن اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌـﻲ اً وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ C3 و C2". وﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ا ـ ﺬﻫﻞ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﻟﻐﺰاً ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴـﺎً ﻛﺒـ اً ﻷن ﺑﻘـﺎء ﻫـﺬ ه اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮدة ﻳﺘﻄ ﻠـﺐ ﻇﺮوﻓـﺎً اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ وﻧﺎدرة ﺟـﺪاً ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﻔـﺘﺢ آﻓﺎﻗـﺎً ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ اﻷﻏﻠﻔـﺔ اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة . اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻲ ﻏ ﻋﺎدي ﻟﻠ ﻐﺎﻳـﺔ ﻷﻧـﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻫﺬه و إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨـﺎك أي أﻧﻮاع أﺧﺮى ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬرات ﰲ اﻟﻐﻼف اﻟﺠﻮي ﻓﺴ ﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﺮﺑـﻮن . ﺗـﱰاوح درﺟـﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻋـﲆ اﻟﻜﻮﻛـﺐ ﻣـﻦ 1200 درﺟـﺔ ﻓﻬﺮﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﰲ أﺑﺮد ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ ا ﻈﻠـﻢ إﱃ 3700 د رﺟﺔ ﻓﻬﺮﻧﻬﺎﻳـﺖ ﰲ أﺳـﺨﻦ ﻧﻘـﺎط اﻟﺠﺎﻧ ا ﺐ . ﴤء - ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ 2 0 2 6 ﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺨ ﻠﻲﻛ ﻒﻗﺪ ﻳ ﺪو اﻟ ﻮﻛﺐ اﻟـ ـ ﺨﺎرﺟﻲ اﻟﻤﺴـﻤﻰ PSR J2322-2650b ( ﻤـ ) أﺛﻨــــﺎء د وراﻧــــﮫ ــــﻢ ﻧﻴـــــﻮﺗﺮوﻧﻲﺳــــﺮ ﻊ اﻟــــﺪوران ﺴــــﻤﻰ اﻟـــــﻨ ﻢ اﻟﻨــــﺎ ﺾ ﺣــــﻮل ﻧ . (ﺴــــﺎر ) ﻨ ﻌــــﺚﺷـــــﻌﺎﻋﺎن ـــﺎن ﻣـــﻦ اﻟ رادﻳﻮ ﻟﻠــــﻨ ﻢ اﻟﻨـــﺎ ﺾ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃ ﺴـــﻴ ﻘﻄﺒــــ ـــﺪوران ﻛﺸــــﻌﺎع ﻣﻨـــﺎرة . ﺗﺠــــﺬب ﻗـــﻮى اﻟــــ ـ ﺠﺎذﺑ ﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠـﺔ ﻋــﻦ اﻟــﻨ ﻢ اﻟﻨـﺎ ﺾ اﻷﺛﻘــﻞ ﻜﺜــ اﻟ ﻮﻛــﺐ ذو ﻛﺘﻠـﺔ اﻟﻤﺸــ ي ﻟ ﺄﺧــﺬ ﺷـ ﻞ اﻟﻠ ﻤﻮﻧــﺔ . ــﺪو أن ﻫــﺬا ﻳ اﻟ ﻮ درِس ﻛــﺐ اﻟــﺬ ﺑﻮاﺳــﻄﺔ ﺗﻠﺴــ ﻮ ــﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـــﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳــﺎ ﻤﺘﻠــﻚ ﻏﻼﻓــ بﺟــ ﻤﺲو ﺎً ــ ﺎً ﺟﻮ ﻟــﻢ ﻳُـــﺮَ ﻣﺜﻠﮫ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻛ ﻒ ﻧﺸﺄ ﻫﺬا اﻟ ﻮﻛﺐ ﻳ ﻘﻰ ﻟﻐﺰاً ﻳﺤ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ . [NASA, ESA, CSA, Ralf Crawford (STScI)]