Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2026 ARABIC VERSION

hisartist’sconceptdepictsthecentralengineoftheCircinusgalaxy.Atthecen teristhesupermassiveblackhole,shownasabright,compactcore. You don’t see the black hole itself, but the intense glow from material heating up as it spirals inward. Surrounding the center is a thick, donut- shapeddiskofgasanddust(thetorus).InCircinus,thistorus,ab out16light-yearsacross,isopticallydense,mean- ingvisiblelightcan’tpenetrate.Theillustrationempha-sizes that this dusty structure is brightest close to theblackhole,matchingthenewestfinding from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope that most of the light is coming from hot dust feeding the black hole rather than beingblownaway.Thenarrow, brightbeamsshootingoutward representjets,streamsofener- gized material launched per- pendicular to the disk. The soft,hazyglowaround everything represents the surrounding galaxy and diffuse material. [NASA, ESA, CSA, Ralf Crawford(STScI)] hole, is obscured from our point of view.Fordecades,astronomerscon- tended with these difficulties, de- signing and improving models of Circinus with as much data as they could gather. “In order to study the supermassive black hole, despite being unable to resolve it, they had toobtainthetotalintensityofthe inner region of the galaxy over a large wavelength range and then feed that data into models,” said lead author Enrique Lopez-Rodri- guez of the University of South Ca- rolina. Early models would fit the spectra from specific regions, such as the emissions from the torus, thoseoftheaccretiondiskclosestto the black hole, or those from the outflows, each detected at certain wavelengthsoflight.However,since the region could not be resolved in its entirety, these models left ques- tions at several wavelengths. For example, some telescopes could de- tect an excess of infrared light, but lackedtheresolutiontodetermine MARCH-APRIL2026 T ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 27 اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺤﺠﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ رؤﻳﺘﻨـﺎ . ﻟﻌﻘﻮد واﺟﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼـﻌﻮﺑﺎت ﻓﺼـــﻤﻤﻮا وﺣ ﺴـــ ﻨﻮا ﻧﻤـــﺎذج ﺠـــﺮة ﺳ ﺳﻴﻨﻮس ﺑﺎﺳ ﺘﺨﺪام أﻛﱪ ﻗﺪر ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ اﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﻮا ﺟﻤﻌﻬﺎ . ﻗ ﺎل ا ﺆﻟﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﴘ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳﺔ إﻧﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟـﻮﺑﻴﺰ رودرﻳﻐﻴﺰ ﻣـﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﺔ ﺳـﺎوث ﻛﺎروﻟﻴﻨـﺎ : " ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ﻓﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ورﻏـﻢ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ﻋـﺪم ﻗـﺪرﺗﻬﻢ ﻋـﲆ ﺗﻤﻴﻴـﺰه ﻛـﺎن ﻋﻠـﻴﻬﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﲆ إﺟﻤﺎﱄ ﺷﺪة ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺮة ﻋـ ﱪ ﻧﻄـﺎق واﺳـﻊ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﻃـﻮال ا ﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺛﻢ إدﺧﺎل ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﰲ اﻟ ﻨﻤﺎذج ." ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ اﻟﻨﻤـﺎذج ا ﺒﻜـﺮة ﺗ ﻄـﺎﺑﻖ اﻷﻃﻴـﺎف اﻟﺼﺎدرة ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺤﺪدة ﻣﺜﻞ اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎت ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺤﻠﻘـﺔ أو اﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛـﺎت ﻗـﺮص اﻟـﱰاﻛﻢ اﻷﻗــﺮب إﱃ اﻟﺜﻘــﺐ اﻷﺳــﻮد أو اﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛــﺎت ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎت اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ رﺻﺪ ﻛـﻞ ﻣﻨﻬـﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ أﻃﻮا ل ﻣﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﻮء وﻣـﻊ ذﻟﻚ وﻷن ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜـﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠـﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﻴﻴـﺰ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨ ﻤﺎذج ﺗﺴـﺎؤﻻت ﻋﻨﺪ أﻃﻮال ﻣﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻌـﺪدة . ﻓﻌـﲆ ﺳـﺒﻴﻞ ا ﺜﺎل اﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت رﺻـﺪ ﻓﺎﺋﺾ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻟـﻢ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻊ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺼﺪرﻫﺎ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ . - ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ 2 0 2 6 ﺼﻮر ﻫﺬا اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﺨ ﻠﻲ ـــــــ اﻟ ﻤﺤﺮك اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﻟﻤﺠﺮة ﺳ ـــــ . ﺳ ﻨﻮس ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻳﻮﺟﺪ ــــــــــــــ اﻟ ــ ﺜﻘ ﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ﻓﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻣ راً ﺼﻮ ﻛﻨﻮاة ﺳﺎﻃﻌﺔ وﻣﻀﻐﻮﻃﺔ . ﻻ ُﻤﻜﻦ رؤ ﺔ اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﺑﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﻫﺞ اﻟﺸﺪ ﺪ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋ ـ ـ ﻦ اﻟﻤ ﺎدة اﻟ ـ ــ ﺗ ــــ ﺴﺨﻦ أﺛ ﻨﺎء دوراﻧﻬﺎ اﻟ ـــ ﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻲ ﻧ ــــــــ ـ ﺤﻮ اﻟ ــــــ ﺪاﺧ .ﻞ ــــﺤــﻳ ـﻤـــ ﻂ ﺎﻟ ـ ﺮﻛﺰﻗ ﺮصﺳﻤ ـــﻴـ ـﻚ ﻋ ﻠﻰﺷ ــﻜـ ــــ ﻞ ﺣ ـــــ ﻠﻘ ــــ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻐﺎزواﻟ ـﻐـ ـ اﻟﺘ)ﺎر ــــــــﻓ ( ﻮرس ﻲ ــــﺳ ـــﺳ ﻨ ـــﻫ . ﻮس ـــ ﺬﻩ اﻟ ـــ ﻳﺒ ﺔــﻘـــﺤﻠ ــ ﻠﻎ ﻗ ــ ﻄﺮﻫﺎ ﺣﻮاﻟ ﻲ 16 ـــﺿ ﺔـــﻨـﺳ ـﻛ ﻮﺋ ﺔ ـﻔـﺜﻴ ــــــــ ﺔ ﺑ ﺎً ـــﺼﺮ أن اﻟﻀﻮء اﻟﻤﺮﻲﻻ ﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﺧ اﻗﻬﺎ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻌ ـــﺆﻳ . اﻟﺮﺳ ﺪـــــﻛ ــ ـــ ﻢ اﻟ ــ ﺘﻮﺿ ـــــ ﻴﺤ ﻲ أن ﻫ ـ ـــــ ــ ﺬا اﻟ ـــﻛﻴ ــﺐ اﻟ ــﻐﺒ ﺎري ﻳ ـﻜــــ ــ ﻮن ﻓ ــﺷﻲ أ ــ ﺪ ﺳ ــ ﻄﻮﻋ ــﺑﮫ ــﻘــﺎﻟ ــ ﺮ ﻣ ـــﻘــﺜــ ﻦ اﻟ ﺐ اﻷﺳ ـ ـ وﻫ ﻮد ـ ﻮ ﻣ ــ ﺎ ﺘ ـ ﻮاﻓ ـﻖﻣ ـ ﻊ أﺣ ـ ﺪث اﻟﻨ ﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻣ ـ ـ ﻦ ﺗﻠ ـ ﺴ ﻮبﺟﻴ ـ ﻤﺲوﻳ ﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎ ﺗ ﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳﺎ واﻟ ﺸ إﻟﻰ أن ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻀ ﻮء ﺄﺗﻲﻣﻦ اﻟ ﻳ ﻐ ﺎراﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ اﻟﺬ ـ اﻟﺜ ـ ﻐﺬ اﻷﺳ ﻘﺐ ـ ـ ﻮد ﺑ ـ ﺪﻻً ﻣ ﻦ أن ﺘﻄﺎﻳﺮ ـﺗ. اً ﻌ ﺪ ـﻤﺜ ـ ﻞ اﻟ ﺤﺰم اﻟﻀﻴ ـ ـﻌـ ﺎﻃﺴـ ﻘﺔ اﻟ ــ ﺔ اﻟ ـﻄـ ﺗﻨ ﻠﻖ ﻟﻠ ـﺨــ ﺎرج اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛﺎت ـ وﻫ ـﻲ ﺗﻴ ﺎراتﻣﻦ ﺗﻨﻄﻠﻖ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ اﻟ ﺎً ﻋﻤﻮد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﺮص إن . اﻟﺘﻮﻫﺞ اﻟ ـ ﺨﺎﻓﺖ واﻟﻀ ﺎﺑﻲ اﻟﻤﺤ ﻂ ﺑ ﻞﺷﻲء ﻣﺮﻲ ﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺮ ة اﻟﻤﺤ ﻄﺔ واﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸﺮة . [NASA, ESA, CSA, RalfCrawford (STScI)]