Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2026 ARABIC VERSION

Unprecedented look into heart of Circinus Galaxy byNASA/ESA/CSA NASAWebbMissionTeam heCircinusGalaxy,agalaxy about13millionlight-yearsaway, contains an active super- massiveblackholethatcontinuesto influence its evolution. The largest sourceofinfraredlightfromthere- gionclosesttotheblackholeitself wasthoughttobeoutflows,or streamsofsuperheatedmatterthat fireoutward.Now,newobserva-tions by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope,seenherewithanew imagefromNASA’sHubbleSpace Telescope,provideevidencethatre- versesthisthinking,suggestingthat mostofthehot,dustymaterialisac- tuallyfeedingthecentralblackhole. The technique used to gather this data also has the potential to ana- lyzetheoutflowandaccretioncom- ponentsforothernearbyblack holes.Supermassiveblackholeslike those in Circinus remain active by consuming surrounding matter. In- fallinggasanddustaccumulates into a donut-shaped ring around the black hole, known as a torus. As su- permassive black holes gather mat- ter from the torus’ inner walls, they form an accretion disk, similar to a whirlpoolofwaterswirlingaround a drain. This disk grows hotter through friction, eventually becom- inghotenoughtoemitlight.This glowing matter can become so bright that resolving details within the galaxy’s center with ground- based telescopes is difficult. It’s madeevenharderduetothebright, concealingstarlightwithinCircinus. Further,sincethetorusisincredibly dense, the inner region of the in- fallingmaterial,heatedbythe black MARCH-APRIL2026 T ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 26 ﻧﻈﺮة ﻏ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺔ ﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻣﺠﺮةﺳ ﺳ ﻨﻮس : ﻘﻠﻢ ﻓﺮﻖ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺗﻠﺴ ﻮب و ﺐ و ﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ و/ ﺎﻟﺔ إ ﺴﺎ / و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﻜﻨﺪ ﺔ ﻣﺠﺮة ﺳ ﺳﻴﻨﻮس وﻫﻲ ﻣﺠﺮة ﺗﺒﻌﺪ ﺣﻮاﱄ 13 ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋـﲆ ﺛﻘـﺐ أﺳﻮد ﻓﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻧﺸﻂ ﻳﺴـﺘ ﻤﺮ ﰲ اﻟﺘـﺄﺛ ﻋﲆ ﺗﻄ . ﻮرﻫﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻳ ﻌﺘﻘـﺪ أن أﻛـﱪ ﻣﺼـﺪر ﻟﻸﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﻣﻦ ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻷﻗـﺮب إﱃ اﻟﺜ ﻘـﺐ اﻷﺳـﻮد ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ﻫـﻮ ﺗ ـﺪﻓﻘﺎت ﺧﺎرﺟﻴ ـﺔ أو ﺗﻴ ـﺎرات ﻣ ـﻦ ا ـﺎدة ﻓﺎﺋﻘ ـﺔ اﻟﺴﺨﻮﻧﺔ ﺗﻨﻄ ﻠﻖ ﻟﻠﺨﺎرج . ﻟﻜـﻦ اﻵن ﺗُﻘـﺪم أرﺻﺎد ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﺟـﻴﻤﺲ وﻳﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳﺎ واﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﻈﻬـﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺻﻮرة ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﻫ ﺎﺑـﻞ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳـﺎ أدﻟـﺔ ﺗﻐـ ﻫـﺬا اﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎد ﻣﺸ ة إﱃ أن ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ا ﺎدة اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ واﻟﻐﺒﺎرﻳﺔ ﺗ ﻐﺬي ﰲ اﻟﻮاﻗـﻊ اﻟﺜﻘـﺐ اﻷﺳـﻮد ا ﺮﻛﺰي . ﻛﻤﺎ أن اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ا ُﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﺠﻤـﻊ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت ﻟـﺪﻳﻬﺎ اﻟﻘـﺪرة ﻋـﲆ ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ واﻟﱰاﻛﻢ ﻟﻠﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء اﻷﺧﺮى اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒـﺔ . ﺗﺒﻘـﻰ اﻟﺜﻘـﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ ا ﻮﺟـﻮدة ﰲ ﺳ ﺳﻴﻨﻮس ﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﺑﺘﻼع ا ﺎدة ا ﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ . ﻳﱰاﻛﻢ اﻟﻐﺎز واﻟﻐﺒﺎر ا ﺘﺴﺎﻗﻂ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ﰲ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻋـ ﲆ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﻛﻌﻜـﺔ ﺣـﻮل اﻟﺜﻘـﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ﺗ ﻌﺮف ﺑﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﻮرو . س ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ ا ـ ﺎدة ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻠﻘـﺔ ﻓﺈﻧﻬـﺎ ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ ﺎً ﻗﺮﺻ ﺗﺮاﻛﻤﻴ ﺎً ﻳﺸﺒﻪ دواﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ا ـﺎء ﺗـﺪور ﺣﻮل ﻣﴫف . ﻳﺰداد ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘـﺮصﺳـﺨﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ اﻻﺣﺘﻜـﺎك ﺣﺘـﻰ ﻳﺼـﺒﺢ ﰲ اﻟ ﻨﻬﺎﻳـﺔ ﺎً ﺳﺎﺧﻨ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻹﺻﺪار اﻟﻀﻮء . ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ـــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــ ﺗﺼ ﺒﺢ ﻫﺬه ا ﺎدة ا ﺘﻮﻫﺠـﺔ ﺳـﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﺟـﺪ اً ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ ﻳﺼﻌﺐ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ داﺧﻞ ﻣﺮﻛــﺰ ا ﺠــﺮة ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻠﺴــﻜﻮ ﺑﺎت اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ . وﻳﺰداد اﻷﻣﺮ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺿﻮء اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺴﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﺠﺐ اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ داﺧـﻞ ﻣﺠﺮة . ﺳ ﺳﻴﻨﻮس ﻋﻼوة ﻋﲆ ذﻟﻚ، ﻧﻈـ ﺮًا ﻷن اﻟﺤﻠ ﻘﺔ ﻛﺜﻴﻔـﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ ﻓـﺈن ا ﻨﻄ ﻘـﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ا ﺎدة ا ﺘﺴﺎﻗﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺴﺨﻨﻬﺎ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ - ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ 2 0 2 6