Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2026 ARABIC VERSION

MARCH-APRIL2026 Theimagepresentedabovewasde- veloped using data from Webb’s Near-InfraRed Camera (NIRCam) andMid-InfraRedInstrument(MIRI), as well as a single narrow-band fil- ter from Hubble (657N). It reveals NGC 4490 and NGC 4485 in never- before-seen detail and illuminates thebridgeofgasandstarsthatcon- nects them. NGC 4490 is the domi- nantobjectoccupyingtheleftside oftheimage,whileNGC4485isthe smaller galaxy that hosts the top- right portion of the image. By dis- secting these galaxies star by star, researchers were able to map out whereyoung,middle-aged,andold starsreside,andtracethetimeline of the galaxies’ interaction. Roughly 200 million years ago, these galaxies whirledclosetooneanotherbefore waltzing away. The larger galaxy, NGC4490,ensnaredastreamofgas fromitscompanion,andthisgas nowtrailsbetweenthegalaxieslike dancersconnectedbyoutstretched arms. Along the newly formed bridge of gas and within the two galaxies, this interaction spurred a burst of new stars. The concentrated areas of brightblue that appear throughout thefield indicate highly ionised regions of gas by the recently formed star clusters. Just 30 million years ago, these galaxies burst alight with stars once more, with new clusters coa-lescing where the gas of the two galaxies mixed together. By captur-ing the history of the galacticdancers NGC 4490 and NGC 4485, Webb has revealed new details in how dwarf galaxies interact, givingus a glimpse of how small galaxies nearandfargrowandevolve. ■ ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 21 - ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ 2 0 2 6 ﺗــﻢ ﺗﻄــﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﺼــﻮرة ا ﻌﺮوﺿــﺔ أﻋــﻼه ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻣ ا اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻧ ﻛﺎم ) ( اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﺲ وﻳﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ وﺟﻬﺎز اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ا ﺘﻮﺳـﻄﺔ ( ﻣـ ي ) ﺑﺎﻹﺿـﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ﻣﺮﺷﺢ ﻧﻄﺎق ﺿـﻴﻖ ﻣـﻦ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑـﻞ ) 657N .( ﺗﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﺼـﻮرة ﻋـﻦ ا ﺠـﺮﺗ NGC 4490 و NGC 4485 ﺑﺘﻔﺎﺻـﻴﻞ ﻟـﻢ ﻳﺴﺒﻖ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻴـﻞ ـوﺗُـ ﻐـﺎز ﴪ اﻟ ـ ﴤء ﺟـ واﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺬي ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤـﺎ . ﺗﻌـﺪ ا ﺠـﺮة ــــ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻷﻳﴪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗُﻌﺪّ NGC 4490 اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ا ﻬﻴﻤﻦ اﻟـ ﺬي ﻳﺸـﻐﻞ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻷﻳﴪﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗُﻌﺪّ ا ﺠﺮة NGC 4485 اﻷﺻﻐﺮ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺸـﻐ ﻞ اﻟﺠـﺰء اﻟﻌﻠﻮي اﻷﻳﻤـﻦ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺼـﻮرة وﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼل ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﺬه ا ﺠﺮات ﻧﺠﻤ ﺎً ﺗﻠﻮ اﻵﺧﺮ ﺗﻤﻜّـﻦ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺸﺎﺑﺔ وا ﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ واﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ وﺗﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ ﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ا ﺠـﺮات . ﻗﺒـﻞ ﺣـﻮاﱄ 200 ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺳﻨﺔ دارت ﻫﺬه ا ﺠﺮات ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﺗﺘﺒﺎﻋﺪ . ا ﺠﺮة اﻷﻛﱪ NGC 4490 اﺳﺘﻘﻄﺒﺖ ﺗﻴﺎراً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻬﺎ ا ﺮاﻓﻘﺔ وﻫﺬا اﻟﻐﺎز ﻳﻤﺘﺪ اﻵن ﺑـ NGC 4490 اﺳﺘﻘﻄﺒﺖ ﺗﻴﺎر اً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز ﻣـﻦ ا ﺠﺮﺗ ﻛﺮاﻗﺼ ﻣﺘﺼﻠ ﺑﺄذرع ﻣﻤﺪودة ﻋﲆ ﻃﻮل ﺟـ ﴪ ا ـ ﻟﻐـﺎز ا ﺘﺸـﻜﻞ ﺣـﺪﻳﺜ ﺎً وداﺧﻞ ا ﺠﺮﺗ أدى ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ إﱃ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﺠﻮم ﺟﺪﻳﺪة . ﺗﺸ ا ﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ا ﺮﻛـﺰة ذات اﻟﻠـﻮن اﻷزرق اﻟﺴﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﰲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﺤﻘـﻞ إﱃ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺘﺄﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐـﺎز اﻟﻨـﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ا ﺘﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜًﺎ . ﻗﺒـﻞ 30 ﻣﻠﻴــﻮن ﺳــﻨﺔ ﻓﻘــﻂ، اﻧﻔﺠــﺮت ﻫـﺬه ا ﺠﺮات ﻣﺘﻮﻫﺠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻣﺮة أﺧـﺮى ﻣـﻊ اﻧﺪﻣﺎج ﺗﺠﻤﻌﺎ ت ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﺣﻴﺚ اﺧـﺘﻠﻂ ﻏـﺎز ا ﺠﺮﺗ و ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل رﺻﺪ ﺗـﺎرﻳﺦ ا ﺠـﺮﺗ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﺻـﻴﻞ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ ة ﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻔﺎﻋـﻞ ا ﺠـﺮات اﻟﻘﺰﻣـﺔ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﻤﻨﺤﻨﺎ ﺤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻧﻤﻮ وﺗﻄﻮر ا ﺠﺮات اﻟﺼﻐ ة اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ واﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة . ﻓﻐﻌﻠﻌﻔﻐﻌﻔﻌﻔﻐﻌﻔﻐﻌﻔﻐﻌﻔﻐﻌ ﻔﻐﻌﻔﻐﻌﻔﻐﻌ رررررررر ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺗﻠﺴ ﻮبﺟ ﻤ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﺘ ﺲو ﺐﻣﺠﺮ ﺣ ﺚ ﺗﺤﺘﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺮة NGC 4490 ـاﻟ ﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻷ ﻤﻦ ﺑ ﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﻤﺠﺮة NGC 4485 ﻛ ﻘﻌﺔ ﺑ ﻀﺎء ﻣﺘﻮﻫﺠـﺔ ﻓـﻲ أﻋﻠـﻰ ﺴـﺎر ـ اﻟـــ ﺤﻘﻞ ــــﺎرأ ﻤـــﺮﺳـــﺎﻃﻊ ﻤﺘــــﺪ وﺗـــﺮ ﻂ اﻟﻤﺠﺮـــﺎن ﺘ ﻣـــﻦ أﻋﻠـــﻰ ﻤـــ اﻟﺼــــﻮرة ﻣـــﺮور اً ﺄﺳـــﻔﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼــــﻒ أﺳــﻔﻞ اﻟﻤﺠــﺮة و ﻨﺘﻬــﻲﻋﻨــﺪ اﻟ ﻤــ NGC 4485 وﺗﻈﻬــﺮﻣﻨــﺎﻃﻖ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﻐــﺎز اﻟﻤﺘــﺄﻳﻦ اﻷزرق اﻟﺴــﺎﻃﻊ ﻓﻲﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﻛﺰة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘ ﺎراﻷ ﻤﺮ . أﻣﺎ اﻟ ـ اﻟ ﺨﻠﻔ ﺔ ﻓ ﺴﻮداء ﺘﺘﺨﻠﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺠﺮات ﻋﺪ ﺪة ﺄﺷ ﺎل ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ [ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, A. Adamo (Stockholm University), G. Bortolini, and the FEAST JWST team]