Free Astronomy Magazine March-April 2026 ARABIC VERSION

17 60,000kmpersecond. Thegiganticblackhole lurkswithinNGC3783, a beautiful spiralgal-axy imaged recently by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. Astronomersspotteda brightX-rayflareerupt from the black hole before swiftly fading away.Asitfaded,fast windsemerged,raging at one-fifth of the speedoflight. “We’ve not watched a black holecreatewindsthis speedilybefore,” says leadresearcherLiyiGu at Space Research Or- ganisationNetherlands (SRON). “For the firsttime,we’veseenho wa rapid burst of X- ray lightfromablackhole immediately triggers ultra-fast winds, with thesewindsformingin just a single day.” TostudyNGC3783and itsblackhole,Guand colleaguessimultaneouslyusedthe European Space Agency’sXMM- Newton and the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM), a JAXA-led mission with ESA and NASA participation. The black hole in question is as massive as 30 mil- lionSuns.Asitfeastsonnearbyma- terial, it powers an extremely bright andactiveregionattheheartofthe spiralgalaxy.Thisregion,knownas an Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN), blazes in all kinds of light, and throwspowerfuljetsandwindsout into the cosmos. “AGNs are reallyfascinatingandintenseregions, and key targets for both XMM- Newton and XRISM,” adds Matteo Guai-nazzi, ESA XRISM Project Scientist andco- authorofthediscovery. “Thewindsaro undthisblackholeseem to have been created as the AGN’s tangled magnetic fieldsuddenly ‘untwisted’ – similar to the flares that erupt from the Sun, but on a scale almost too big to imagine.” The winds from the black hole re- semblelargesolareruptionsofma- terial known as coronal mass ejec- tions, which form as the Sun hurls streams of superheated material into space. In this way, the study showsthatsupermassiveblackholes sometimes act like our own star, making these mysterious objects seemalittlelessalien. “WindyAGNs alsoplayabigroleinhowtheirhost galaxiesevolveovertime,andhow theyformnewstars,” addsCamille Diez, a team member and ESA Re- searchFellow. “Becausethey’reso influential,knowingmoreabout the magnetismof AGNs, and how they whip up winds such asthese,iskeytoun- derstanding the his- tory of galaxies throughout the Uni- verse.” XMM-Newtonhas beenapioneeringex- plorerofthehotand extremeUniversefor over 25 years, while XRISM has been working to answer key open questions about how matter and energy move through the cosmos since it launched in September 2023. The two X-ray space telescopes worked together to uncover this unique eventand understand the blackhole’sflareand winds. XMM-Newton trackedtheevolution of the initial flare withitsOpticalMon- itor, and assessed the extent of the winds using its European Photon Im- aging Camera (EPIC). XRISM spotted the flare and winds using its Resolve instrument, also studying the winds’ speed, structure, and figuring out how they were launched into space. “Theirdiscoverystemsfromsuccess- fulcollaboration,somethingthat’sa core part of all ESA missions,” says ESA XMM-Newton Project Scientist Erik Kuulkers. “By zeroing in on an active supermassive black hole, the two telescopes have found some- thing we’ve not seen before: rapid, ultra-fast, flare-triggered winds re- miniscent of those that form at the Sun. Excitingly, this suggests that solar and high-energy physics may work in surprisingly familiar ways throughouttheUniverse.” ■ MARCH-APRIL2026 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 17 ﻳﻜﻤﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺜﻘـﺐ اﻷﺳـﻮد اﻟﻬﺎﺋــﻞ ﰲ ﻗﻠــﺐ ا ﺠــﺮة اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴــــﺔ 3783 NGC اﻟ ﺘــﻲ ﺻــ ﻮ رﻫﺎ ﻣــﺆﺧﺮ اً ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻫﺎﺑـﻞ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎﺋﻲ وﻗﺪ رﺻﺪ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﻮن ﺗﻮﻫﺠ ﺎً ﺎً ﻃﻌﺳﺎ ﰲ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ اﻧﺪﻟﻊ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺜﻘـﺐ اﻷﺳـﻮد ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﻳﺨﺒﻮ ﴎﻳﻌًﺎ وﻣـﻊ ﺗﻼﳾ اﻟﺘﻮﻫﺞ ﻇﻬﺮت رﻳﺎح ـ ﴎﻳﻌﺔ اﻧـﺪﻓﻌﺖ ﺑـ ﴪﻋﺔ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺧ ﻤﺲﴎﻋﺔ اﻟﻀﻮء . ﺗﻘـﻮل اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜـﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴـﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﻲ ﻏ ﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻬـﺪ أﺑﺤـﺎث اﻟﻔﻀــﺎء اﻟﻬﻮﻟﻨــﺪ ﻢ ﻟــ :"ي ﻧﺮﺻﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺛﻘﺒ ﺎً أﺳـﻮد ﻳﻨﺸﺊ رﻳﺎﺣ ﺎً ﺑﻬﺬه اﻟﴪﻋﺔ اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ . « ﻟﻠﻤﺮة »: وﺗﻀﻴﻒ اﻷوﱃ ﻧﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻛﻴـﻒ ﻳـﺆدي اﻧﺪﻓﺎع ﴎﻳﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺻﺎدر ﻋـﻦ ﺛﻘـﺐ أﺳــﻮد إﱃ ﺗﺤﻔﻴــﺰ رﻳــﺎح ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟﴪﻋﺔ ﻓﻮر اً ﺣﻴـﺚ ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﺧـﻼل ﻳﻮم واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ . « ﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ ا ﺠﺮة NGC 3783 وﺛﻘﺒﻬﺎ اﻷﺳــﻮد، ا ﺳـﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﻏُــﻮ وزﻣﻼؤﻫﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ﻮد اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﻏُﻮ وزﻣﻼؤﻫﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻮﻗـﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﺮﺻﺪي اﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴـﻴﻨﻴﺔ إﻛـﺲ إم –إم ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑﻴـﺔ وﻣﺮﺻـﺪ إﻛـﺲ رﻳـﺰم - ﺑﺎﻷﺷـﻌﺔ اﻟﺴـﻴﻨﻴ ﺔ (XRISM) وﻫـﻲ ﻣﻬﻤـﺔ ﺗﻘﻮدﻫـﺎ وﻛﺎﻟ ـﺔ اﻟﻔﻀــﺎء اﻟﻴ ﺎﺑﺎﻧﻴــﺔ ﺑﻤﺸــﺎرﻛﺔ أوروﺑﻴــﺔ وأﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ . ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ا ﻌﻨـﻲ ﻧﺤﻮ 30 ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺿﻌﻒ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ و ﻣـﻊ اﻟﺘﻬﺎﻣﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة ا ﺠﺎورة ﻳﻐﺬي ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺜﻘـﺐ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺷﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺴﻄﻮع و اﻟﻨﺸﺎط ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ا ﺠﺮة اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ ﺗُﻌﺮف ﺑﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻨﻮاة ا ﺠﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﺸﻄ و ﺔ ﻫﺬه ا ﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﺘﻮﻫﺞ ﻋﱪ ﻧﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻄﻴـﻒ اﻟﻜﻬﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴـ ﴘ ـ وﺗﻄﻠﻖ ﻧﻔﺎﺛﺎت ورﻳﺎﺣ ﺎً ﻗﻮﻳـﺔ إﱃ اﻟ . ﻔﻀـﺎء ﻳﻘﻮل ﻣﺎﺗﻴﻮ ﻏﻮاﻳﻨـﺎزي ﴩوع ـﻣـﰲ ﻋـﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ (XRISM) ﰲ وﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑﻴﺔ وأﺣ ـﺪ ا ﺸـﺎرﻛ ﰲ اﻻﻛﺘﺸ ـﺎف :» اﻟﻨ ـﻮى ا ﺠﺮﻳﺔ ا ﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺬﻫﻠـﺔ وﻋﻨﻴﻔـﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ وﻫﻲ أﻫﺪاف رﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻞﱟ ﻣﻦ إﻛـﺲ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ وﻫﻲ أﻫﺪاف رﺋﻴ ﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ إﻛﺲ إم إم ﻧﻴـﻮﺗﻦ – وﻣﺮﺻـﺪ إﻛـﺲ رﻳـﺰم - ﺑﺎﻷﺷــﻌﺔ اﻟﺴــﻴﻨﻴ ﺔ (XRISM) وﻳﺒــﺪو أن اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ا ﺤﻴﻄـﺔ ﺑﻬـﺬا اﻟ ﺜﻘـﺐ اﻷﺳـﻮد ﻗـﺪ ﺗﺸــﻜﻠﺖ ﻋﻨــﺪﻣﺎ اﻧﻔــﻚ اﻟﺘــﻮاء ا ﺠــﺎل ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃــ ـ ﻴﴘ ا ﺘﺸــ ﺎﺑﻚ ﻟﻠﻨــﻮاة ا ﺠﺮﻳــﺔ اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻓﺠﺄة ﻋﲆ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻳﺸـﺒﻪ اﻟﺘﻮﻫﺠـﺎت اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﲆ ﻧﻄﺎق أﻛﱪ . ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺮﻳﺎح اﻧﺪﻓﺎﻋﺎت ﺷﻤ ﺴﻴﺔ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ا ﺎدة ﺗﻌﺮف ﺑﺎﺳﻢ اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎث اﻟﻜﺘﲇ اﻹﻛﻠﻴﲇ واﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺬف اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺗﻴـﺎرات ﻣـﻦ اﻟ ﺒﻼزﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﺨﻮﻧﺔ وﺑﻬﺬا ﻳﺒ اﻟﺒ ﺤﺚ أن اﻟﺜﻘ ـﻮب اﻟﺴـﻮ داء ﻓﺎﺋﻘــﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠ ـﺔ ﻗ ـﺪ ـﺗ ﺘﴫف أﺣﻴﺎﻧ ﺎً ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺷﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺎﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺑ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌـﻞ ﻫـﺬه اﻷﺟـﺮام اﻟﻐﺎﻣﻀـﺔ أﻗـﻞ . ﻏﺮاﺑﺔ ﺗﻀﻴﻒ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻞ دﻳﻴﺰ ﻋﻀـﻮ اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ وزﻣﻴﻠﺔ أﺑﺤﺎث ﰲ وﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑﻴـﺔ : » ﺗﻠﻌﺐ اﻟﻨﻮى ا ﺠﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ذات اﻟﺮﻳـﺎح دورًا ﻣﻬﻤًﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻄﻮر ا ﺠﺮات ا ﻀـﻴﻔﺔ ﻋـﱪ اً دور ﻣﻬﻤ ـــﺎً ﰲ ﺗﻄ ـــﻮر ا ﺠــﺮات ا ﻀــﻴﻔﺔ ﻋــﱪ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ، وﰲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم اﻟﺠﺪﻳــﺪة . ﻓﻴﻬــﺎ وﻧﻈﺮا ﻟﺘﺄﺛ ﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺒ ﻓﺈن ﻓﻬ ـﻢ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴ ـﻴﺔ ﻫ ـﺬه اﻟﻨﻮى وﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻮﻟّﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺮﻳ ــﺎحﴐوري ﻟﻔﻬ ــﻢ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ا ﺠﺮات ﰲ اﻟﻜـﻮن . « ﻌ ـﺪ ﻳ ﻣﺮﺻ ـﺪ إﻛ ـﺲ إم إم ﻧﻴ ـﻮﺗﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻜﺸـﻔًﺎ ا راﺋ ـﺪ ﻟﻠﻜﻮن اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ وا ﺘﻄـﺮف ﻣﻨﺬ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 25 ﺎً ﻋﺎﻣ اﻣـﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻻﺧـﺮ ﻳﻌﻤـﻞ ﻣﺮﺻــﺪ XRISM) ( ﻣﻨ ــﺬ إﻃﻼﻗـــﻪ اﱃ اﻟﻔﻀـــﺎء ﰲ ﺳﺒﺘﻤﱪ 2023 ﻋﲆ اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ أﺳﺌﻠﺔ أﺳﺎﺳـﻴﺔ ﺣـﻮل ﻛﻴﻔﻴــﺔ اﻧﺘﻘـــﺎل ا ـــﺎدة واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻋﱪ اﻟﻜـﻮن . ﻟﻘـﺪ ﻋﻤــﻞ اﻟﺘﻠﺴــﻜﻮﺑﺎن ﻣﻌًــﺎ ﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺤﺪث اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﺪ وﻓﻬﻢ ﺗﻮﻫﺞ اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد . ورﻳﺎﺣﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﺘﺒّﻊ إﻛﺲ إم –إم ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺗﻄـﻮر اﻟﺘـﻮﻫﺞ اﻷ وﱄ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺮﺻـ ﺪه اﻟﺒﴫــــي (Optical اﻟﺒﴫي وﻗﻴّﻢ اﻣﺘﺪاد اﻟﺮﻳ ﺎح ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻛﺎﻣ ا اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻧﻲ اﻷوروﺑﻴﺔ أﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﺮﺻﺪ (XRISM) ﻓﻘﺪ رﺻﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﻫﺞ واﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻄﻴﺎف رﻳﺰوﻟﻒ ودرس ﴎﻋـﺔ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح وﺑﻨﻴﺘﻬﺎ وآﻟﻴﺔ اﻧﻄﻼﻗ ﻬﺎ إﱃ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء . ﻳﻘﻮل إرﻳﻚ ﻛﻮﻟﻜﺮز ﻣﴩوع ﰲ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ إﻛــﺲ إم إم – ﻧﻴــﻮﺗﻦ ﰲ وﻛﺎﻟــﺔ اﻟﻔﻀــﺎء اﻷوروﺑﻴﺔ :» ﻳﻨﺒﻊ ﻫﺬا اﻻ ﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺎون ﻧﺎﺟﺢ وﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﴫ ﻫﺎم ﰲ ﺟﻤﻴـﻊ ﻣﻬﻤـﺎت وﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷوروﺑﻴﺔ . ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﱰﻛ ﻴﺰ ﻋﲆ ﺛﻘـﺐ أﺳـﻮد ﻓـﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻧﺸﻂ ﻛﺸﻒ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎن ﺷـﻴﺌ ﺎً ﻟـﻢ ﻧﺮه ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ رﻳﺎ ﺣ ﺎ ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟﴪﻋﺔ وﴎﻳﻌـﺔ اﻟﻨﺸﻮء ﻧﺎﺗﺠ ﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻮﻫﺠ ﺎت ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﰲ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ وﻣﻦ ا ﺜ أن ﻫﺬا ﻳﺸ إﱃ أن ﻓﻴﺰﻳـﺎء اﻟﺸــﻤﺲ واﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء ﻋﺎﻟﻴ ـﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﻤـﻞ ﺑﻄـﺮق ﻣ ﺄﻟﻮﻓـﺔ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﻣﺪﻫﺶ ﰲ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻜﻮن . - ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ 2 0 2 6 ﺗــــﻢ ﺗﺼـــــﻮﻳﺮ 3783 NGC ﺑﻮاﺳــــﻄﺔ ﺗﻠﺴـــــ ﻮبﻫﺎﺑــــﻞ اﻟﻔﻀـــــﺎﺋﻲ ـــــﺔ ذات وﻫــــﻲﻣﺠـــــﺮة ﺣﻠﺰوﻧ ﺷﺮﻂﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻧﺤﻮ 135 ﻣﻠﻴﻮنﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋ ﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻮﻛ ﺔ ﻗﻨﻄﻮروس . [ESA/Hubble & NASA, M. C. Bentz, D. J. V. Rosario]