Free Astronomy Magazine January-February 2026 ARABIC VERSION

ASTROPUBLISHING can observe at the same time, the large field of view (equivalent tothe area of 16 full Moons), and the large number of spectral colours it can register simultaneously makethe instrument particularly unique. “Thisisamajorchangeinthethings we do at ESO, usually when you ob- serve with an instrument, you ob- servetargetsforonescientificstudy at a time.” , says Vincenzo Mainieri, ESO Project Scientist for 4MOST. However, due to the large numberof fibres, the instrument can ob- serve sources from many different scientific projects simultaneously.He continues: “4MOST can serve 10 or more scientific studies in parallel in one single observation. This is a waytomaximisetheinstrument’s scientificoutput.” Thiscutting-edge facility will not only shed light on ourownhomegalaxy,butalsopeer further out at multiple galaxies to piece together how they form and evolve. By observing distant galaxies, 4MOST will also help us better un- derstand dark matter, an invisible form of matter that permeates galaxies and the space between them. The instrument will also be used to study the evolution of the Universeitself,investigatinghowit expands and changes over time. 4MOST has taken the place of the VISTAInfraredCamera(VIRCAM), which had been conducting surveys for the VISTA telescope since 2008. With 4MOST being a spectrograph,an instrument that is fundamental-ly different from a camera, VISTA needed to be completely upgradedto receive it. “We had to replace many components of the telescope to fit our instrument in, bringing new large optics to the telescope, new technical cameras to controlthe telescope and then the instru- ment itself,” says Brynnel. “The up- grade of the VISTA telescope to receive the new components was prepared by ESO in advance of 4MOST’s arrival,” explains Jean- François (Jeff) Pirard, ESO Project Manager for 4MOST “The telescope was returned to service during the firstsemesterof2025justintimeto receive the new 4MOST instru- ment.” The 4MOST first-light obser- vations, which covered an area of the sky containing the Sculptor Galaxy and the NGC288 star cluster, show off this cutting-edge instru- ment’s ability to observe multiple targets with an astonishingly wide field of view and numerous optical fibres. In the first run, 4MOST col- lected spectra for various stars inour Milky Way and for more than a thousand galaxies near and far, demonstrating its impressive capa- bilities. 4MOST Principal Investiga- tor Roelof de Jong, Milky Waysection head at AIP, remarks: “It is incredible to see the first spectra from our new instrument. The data looks fantastic from the start and bodes well for all the different sci- ence projects we want to execute . That we can catch the light that has travelled sometimes for billions of lightyearsintoaglassfibrethesize of a hair is mindboggling. An in- credible feat only made possible by an incredible development team. Can’twaittillhavingthesystemop- eratingeverynight.”      JANUARY-FEBRUARY2026 إن ﻋﺪد اﻷﺟ ﺮام اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ رﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ واﻟﺤﻘﻞ اﻟﺒﴫـي اﻟﻮاﺳـﻊ ) ا ﻜـﺎﻓﺊ ﺴﺎﺣﺔ 16 ( ﺑـﺪر ﻗﻤﺮ واﻟﻌـﺪ د اﻟﻜﺒـ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﻟﻮان اﻟﻄﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨـﻪ ﺗﺴـﺠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ وﻗﺖ واﺣﺪ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻷداة ﻓﺮﻳﺪة ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﺑ . ﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎص ﻳﻘـﻮل ﻓﻴﻨﺘﺸـﻨﺰو ﻣـﺎﻳﻨﻴ ي ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﴩوع 4MOST ﰲ ا ﺮﺻـﺪ اﻷوروﺑـﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ": ﻫﺬا ﺗﻐﻴ ﻛﺒـ ﰲ اﻷﻣـﻮر اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓ ﻌﺎدةً ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺮﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام أداة ﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﲆ أﻫﺪاف ﻟﺪر اﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ واﺣﺪة ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮة وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ وﺑﻔﻀـﻞ اﻟﻌـﺪد اﻟﻜﺒـ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﻟﻴﺎف ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻸداة رﺻﺪ ﻣﺼﺎدر ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣـﻦ ا ﺸـﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ ا ﺨﺘﻠﻔـ ﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻔـﺲ اﻟﻮﻗ ـﺖ و ﻳﻤﻜ ـﻦ ﻄﻴ ـﺎف 4MOST اﻟﻘﻴ ـﺎم ﺑﺨ ﺪﻣﺔ 10 دراﺳﺎت ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ أو أﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮازي ﰲ رﺻﺪ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘـﻂ . ﻫـﺬه ﻃﺮﻳﻘـﺔ ﻟﺰﻳـﺎدة اﻹﻧﺘـﺎ ج اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﻲ ﻟ ـﻸد ". اة ﺳﺘﺴــﺎﻋﺪ ﻫــﺬه ا ﻨﺸﺄة ا ﺘﻄﻮرة ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﰲ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻂ اﻟﻀﻮء ﻋــﲆ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨــﺎ درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧــﺔ ﺑــﻞ أﻳﻀــ ﰲ ﺎً اﺳﺘﻜﺸـﺎف ﻋـﺪة ﻣﺠـﺮات ﺑﻌﻴـﺪة ﻟﺘﻜـﻮﻳﻦ ﺻﻮرة أوﺿﺢ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻠﻬﺎ وﺗﻄﻮر . ﻫﺎ ﻣ ﻦ ﺧﻼل رﺻﺪ ا ﺠﺮات اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة ﺳ ﻴ ﺴـﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﻄﻴـﺎف 4MOST أﻳﻀـ ﻋـ ﺎً ﲆ ﻓﻬـﻢ ا ـﺎدة ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﻓﻀﻞ وﻫﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻏ ﻣﺮﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ ا ﺎدة ﻳﺘﺨ ﻠﻞ ا ﺠﺮات واﻟﻔﻀﺎء ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ . ﻛﻤﺎ ﻴﺳ ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ا ﻄﻴﺎف ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺗﻄـﻮر اﻟﻜـﻮن ﻧﻔﺴﻪ واﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻤﺪد ه وﺗﻐ ه ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ . ﻟﻘﺪ ﺣـﻞّ ﻣﻄﻴـﺎف 4 ﻣﻮﺳـﺖ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﺎﻣ ا اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﺨﺎﺻـﺔ ) ( ﻓ ﻛـﺎم اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﺗ ﺠـﺮي ﻣﺴـﻮﺣﺎت ﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻓﻴﺴﺘﺎ ﻣﻨـﺬ ﻋـﺎم 2008 وﺑﻤـﺎ أن ٤ MOST ﻋﺒـﺎرة ﻋـﻦ ﻣﻄﻴ ـﺎف، وﻫـﻮ أداة 4MOST ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﻄﻴﺎف ﻓ ﻬﻮ أداة ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺎً ﻳ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﺎﻣ ا ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﴬوري ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻓﻴﺴﺘﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣـﻞ ﻻﺳـﺘﻘﺒﺎﻟﻪ ﻳﻘﻮل ﺑﺮﻳﻨﻴﻞ :” ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺒﺪال اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻟﱰﻛﻴﺐ أداﺗﻨﺎ ﺑﻤﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ إ دﺧﺎل ﻋﺪﺳـﺎت ﻛﺒـ ة ﺟﺪﻳـﺪة ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮب وﻛﺎﻣ ات ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻟﻠﺘﺤ ﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺛﻢ اﻷداة ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ." ﻳﴩح ﺟﺎن ﺑـ ار ( ﺟﻴـﻒ ) ﻧﺴﻮا ﻓﺮا - ﻣـﺪﻳﺮ ﴩوع ـﻣــ 4MOST ﰲ ا ﺮﺻــﺪ اﻷوروﺑــﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ": ﺗﻢ إﻋﺪاد ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻓﻴﺴـﺘﺎ ﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل ا ﻜﻮﻧـﺎت اﻟﺠﺪﻳـﺪة ﻣﺴـﺒﻘ ﺎً ﻗﺒـﻞ وﺻﻮل ﻣﻄﻴﺎف 4MOST وﻗﺪ ﻋﺎد اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻨﺼﻒ اﻷول ﻣﻦ ﻋـﺎم 2025 ﰲ اﻟﻮﻗــﺖ ا ﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﻻﺳــﺘﻘﺒﺎل أداة 4MOST اﻟﺠﺪﻳـﺪة . ﺗﻈﻬـﺮ أوﱃ أ رﺻـﺎد ﻷداة 4MOST اﻟﺘﻲ ﻏﻄﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋـﲆ ﻣﺠﺮة ﺳﻜﻮﻟﺒﺘﻮر أ و ﻣﺠﺮة اﻟﻨﺤﺎت وﻋﻨﻘـﻮد اﻟﻨﺠﻮم NGC288 ﻗﺪرة ﻫﺬه اﻷداة ا ﺘﻄـﻮرة ﻋﲆ رﺻﺪ أﻫﺪاف ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﺑﻤﺠﺎل رؤﻳﺔ واﺳﻊ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ وﻋﺪد ﻛﺒ ﻣﻦ اﻷ ﻟﻴﺎف اﻟﺒـ ﰲ . ﴫﻳﺔ ـ اﻟﺠﻮﻟﺔ اﻷوﱃ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻄﻴﺎف 4MOST أﻃﻴﺎﻓًـﺎ ﻟﻨﺠ ـﻮم ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔ ـﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨ ـﺎ درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧــﺔ وﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ أﻟﻒ ﻣﺠﺮة ﻗﺮﻳﺒـﺔ وﺑﻌﻴـﺪة ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﱪز إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺗﻬﺎ ا ﺬﻫﻠﺔ . ﻳﻌﻠـﻖ روﻟـﻮف دي ﻳﻮﻧﻎ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﻟﺮﺋﻴ ـ ﴘ ﰲ 4MOST ورﺋـﻴﺲ ﻗﺴﻢ درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎ ﻧﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﻻﻳﺒﻨﻴﺘﺰ ﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ :" ﻣﻦ ا ﺬﻫﻞ رؤﻳﺔ اﻷﻃﻴﺎف اﻷوﱃ ﻣـﻦ أداﺗﻨﺎ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة . ﺗﺒـﺪو اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت راﺋﻌـﺔ ﻣﻨـﺬ ا ﻟﺒﺪاﻳـﺔ، وﺗﺸـ إﱃ ﻧﺘـﺎﺋﺞ واﻋـﺪة ﻟﺠﻤﻴـﻊ ا ﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ا ﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻧﺮﻏـﺐ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ . أن ﻧﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻘﺎط اﻟﻀﻮء اﻟـﺬي ﺳﺎﻓﺮ أﺣﻴﺎﻧًﺎ ﻠﻴﺎرات اﻟﺴﻨ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ داﺧﻞ ﺔ ﻟﻴﻔ ﺔ زﺟﺎﺟﻴ ﺑﺤﺠﻢ ﺷﻌﺮة أﻣﺮ ﻳﺬﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻘﻞ . إﻧﺠﺎز ﻻ ﻳﺼﺪق ﺗﺤﻘ ﻖ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻔﻀـﻞ ﻓﺮﻳـﻖ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻓ ﻬﺬه اﻷداة ﺳﺘ ﻔﺘﺢ آﻓﺎﻗًـﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ا ﺠﺮات ودراﺳﺔ ا ـﺎدة ا ﻈﻠﻤﺔ وﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻮن ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻳﻤﻨﺢ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﺎً ﻓﺮﺻـ ﻏـ ﻣﺴـﺒﻮﻗﺔ ﻹﺟﺮاء اﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت ﻛﻮﻧﻴـﺔ دﻗﻴﻘـﺔ وﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋـﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻧﻄﺎق واﺳﻊ وﺗﺴﻬﻢ ﰲ اﺛـﺮاء ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻨـﺎ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ أﻃﻴـﻖ اﻻﻧﺘﻈـﺎر ﺣﺘـﻰ ﻳﺒـﺪأ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻟﻴ ". ﻠﺔ ﺗﻈﻬــــــﺮ ﻫــــــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼــــــﻮرة اﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻄــــــﺔ ﻣــــــﻦ اﻟـــــــ ـ ﺠﺰء ـ اﻟــــ ـــــﺎف ﺨﻠﻔﻲ ﻣـــــﻦ ﺗﻠﺴـــــ ﻮب ﻓ ﺴــــﺘﺎ ﻌـــــﺾ أﻟ اداة 4MOST داﺧﻞ اﻟﺘﻠﺴ ﻮب . [ESO/J. Muñoz] ﺗﻈﻬـﺮ ﻫــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼــﻮرة، اﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻄــﺔ ﻓــﻲﻏﺮﻓــﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻢ ﻤﺮﺻﺪ ﺎراﻧﺎل اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟ ﻠﻤﺮﺻـﺪ اﻷوروﺑـﻲ اﻟــــــﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺟـــــﺰءا ﻣـــــﻦ ﻓﺮ ـــــﻖ ﻣﺸـــــﺮوع 4MOST وﻫــــﻢ ﻳﺮاﻗﺒــــﻮن ـــــﺘﻤﻌﻦ اﻟﺒ ﺎﻧــــﺎت اﻷوﻟــــﻰ اﻟـــــ اﻟﺘﻘﻄﻬـﺎ ــﺎف اﻟﻤﻄ ـﺎت اﻟﺮﺻــﺪ أﺛﻨـﺎء إﺟــﺮاء ﻋﻤﻠ اﻟﺘﺠﺮ ﺒ ﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ . [AIP/R. de Jong] ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ - ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ 2 0 2 6