Free Astronomy Magazine January-February 2026 ARABIC VERSION

P anoramicviewofthemain astronomicalinstallations onthesummitofMaunakea, Hawaii.[SeanGoebelPhotogra- phy/W. M. Keck Observatory] atmospheric phenomena such as cloudsorstormssimilartogasgiants like Jupiter but on a much larger scale. “Studying the weather on these distant objects not only helps us to understand how their atmos- phere form, but also informs our largersearchforlifeplanetsbeyond thesolarsystem” saidTaichiUyama, researcher with the Astrobiology CenterofJapanandleadauthorof the study. This study, led by the Astrobiology CenterattheNationalInstitutesof Natural Sciences, California State UniversityNorthridge,andJohns HopkinsUniversityispublishedin TheAstronomicalJournal . M dwarfs, or red dwarfs, are the most common type of star in our galaxy, accounting for more than half of all stars in the Milky Way. Thesesmall,smallerandcoolerthan theSun,arekeytargetsforunder- JANUARY-FEBRUARY2026 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 5 ﻣﻨﻈــــﺮ ـــــﺎﻧﻮراﻣﻲ ﻷﻫــــﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺸـــــﺂت ـــــﺔ اﻟﻔﻠﻜ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰﻗﻤﺔ ﺟﺒﻞ ﻣﻮﻧﺎﻛ ﺎ ﻓﻲﻫﺎواي . [Sean Goebel Photography/W. M. Keck Observatory] إﱃ ﻧﺤﻮ 30% ﻣـﺎ ﻳﺸـ إﱃ ﻇـﻮاﻫﺮ ﺟﻮﻳـﺔ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻏﻼ ﻓﻪ اﻟﺠﻮي ﻣﺜـﻞ اﻟﺴـﺤ ﺐ أو اﻟﻌﻮاﺻﻒ ﺷﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻧﺮاه ﻟﺪى ﻋﻤﺎﻟﻘﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﲆ ﻧﻄﺎق أﺿﺨﻢ ﺑﻜﺜ . ﻗﺎل اﻟﺒﺎﺣـﺚ ﺗﺎﻳﺘﴚ أوﻳﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻷﺣﻴﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻲ ﰲ اﻟ ﻴﺎﺑﺎن وا ﺆﻟﻒ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﴘ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳﺔ :" دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻄﻘﺲ ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺟﺮام اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة ﻻ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﲆ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗ ﺸﻜﻞ ﻏﻼﻓﻬﺎ اﻟﺠـﻮي ﺑﻞ ﺗﺜﺮي أﻳﻀ ﺑ ﺎً ﺤﺜﻨﺎ اﻷوﺳـﻊ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎة ﺧﺎرج اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟـ “ . ﺸﻤﴘـ ﺗﻘﻮد ﻫﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻷﺣﻴﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟـ ا ﻌﺎﻫﺪ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠـﻮم اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴـﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎون ﻣـﻊ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﺔ وﻻﻳـﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮرﻧﻴـﺎ ﰲ ﻧﻮرﺛﺮﻳﺪج وﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟﻮﻧﺰ ﻫﻮﺑﻜﻨﺰ وﻧ ـ ﴩت ﰲ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ا ﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ا إن. ﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻘﺰﻣﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء أو ﻧﺠﻮم اﻟﻔﺌﺔ M ﻫﻲ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻷ ﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋ ﺎً ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﰲ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨـﺎ ﺣﻴـﺚ ﺗﺸـﻜ ﻞ أﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣـﻦ ﻧﺼـﻒ ﻧﺠــﻮم درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧـﺔ و ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم ﺻﻐ ة اﻟﺤﺠﻢ أﺻﻐﺮ وأﺑﺮد ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻫﻲ و أﻫﺪاف رﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺗﻜﻮن وﺗﻄـﻮر اﻟﻨﺠﻮم واﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻧﻈﺮاً ﻷن اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ـــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــ - ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ 2 0 2 6