Free Astronomy Magazine January-February 2026 ARABIC VERSION

49 thesouthernskies.Itisexpectedto capture and analyse the light of more than 25 million different ob- jectsduringitsfirstfiveyearsofop- eration,tounravelourgalactichis- tory,explorethemysteriesofdark matter, and investigate the origins ofstars,amongmanyotherscience goals.Thisinstrumentisdesignedto capturethelightofthousandsof cosmicobjectssimultaneously,using more than 2400 thin optical fibres, each about the width of a human hair. This light is then directed to three separate spectrographs that split itintoupto18,000colourcom- ponents(inthevisible https://www.eso.org/public/unitedkingdom/videos/ann25007b/ light range from violet tored),givingusindivid- ualspectra.Usingthese, astronomerscananalyse the properties of the observed cosmic sources, including their chemical composition, velocity or distance. “Astronomers have been asking for a facilitylike4MOSTfora long time,” says Joar Brynnel, 4MOST Project Manager at the Leibniz InstituteforAstrophysics Potsdam(AIP),Germany, theinstitutethatledthe instrument consortium. Thenumberofobjectsit JANUARY-FEBRUARY2026 ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 49 - ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ 2 0 2 6 ﺗﻈﻬـﺮ ﻫــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼــﻮرة ﺗﻠﺴــ ﻮب ﻓ ﺴـﺘﺎ اﻟﺘــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺻـــــــــــﺪ اﻷوروﺑـــــــــــﻲ اﻟـــــــــــ ـ ﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ـــــــــــﺎف وﻣﻄ 4 . ﻣﻮﺳﺖ [AIP/A. Saviauk] ﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔ ﺪﻳﻮ ﺗﺮﻛ ﺐ ﻣﻄ ﺎف 4 ﻣﻮﺳﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﺴ ﻮب ﻓ ﺴﺘﺎ اﻟﺘــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟـــ ﻠﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑـــﻲ اﻟـــﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻓــﻲﺻـــﺤﺮاء أﺗ ﺎ ﺎﻣــﺎ ﻓــﻲ ﺗﺸـــ ﻠﻲ ـــــﺎت اﻟﺮﺻـــــﺪ ـــــﺪء ﻋﻤﻠ وﻫـــــﻮ ﺟـــــﺎﻫﺰﻟ . ﺗـــــﻢ ﺗﺤـــــﺪ ﺚ اﻟﺘﻠﺴـــــ ﻮب ﺎﻟ ﺎﻣـــــﻞ ﻻﺳـــﺘﻘ ﺎل ﻫـــﺬا اﻟــــ ـ . ﺠﻬﺎز ــــﺎت وﻫﻨـــﺎ ﻧـــﺮى أن ﻤﻴــــﻊ اﻟﺘﻌـــﺪ ﻼتواﻟ ﻛﻴ ـ اﻟــ ﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺎﻟﺘﻠﺴــ ﻮب ﻓ ﺴـﺘﺎ ﻗـﺪ اﻛﺘﻤﻠﺖ، ووﺿـﻌﺖ اﻟﻤﻄ ﺎﻓــﺎت اﻟﺜﻼﺛــﺔ ) اﻟﺼـــــــﻨﺎدﻳﻖ اﻟﺴـــــــﻮداء ( ـــــــﺔ ـــــــﺎف اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟ وﺗـــــــﻢ ﺗﻮﺻـــــــ ﻠﻬﺎ ﺎﻷﻟ وأﺻـــــــﺒﺢ 4 ﻣﻮﺳﺖ ول ﻷ اً ﺟﺎﻫﺰ ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ رﺻﺪ . [AIP/A. Saviauk] ﻣﻨﺸﺄة ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻬـ ﺎ ﺴـﺢ ﺳـﻤﺎء اﻟﻨﺼـﻒ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ وﻣﻦ ا ﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﻳﻠﺘﻘﻂ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺤﻠّﻞ ﺿـﻮء أﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣـﻦ 25 ﻣﻠﻴـﻮن ﺟـﺮم ﺳﻤﺎوي ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺧـﻼل ﺳـﻨﻮات ﺗﺸـﻐﻴﻠﻪ اﻟﺨﻤﺲ اﻷوﱃ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻬـ ﺪف ﻛﺸـﻒ ﺗـﺎرﻳﺦ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨﺎ واﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف أﻟﻐـﺎز ا ـﺎدة ا ﻈﻠﻤـﺔ واﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﰲ أﺻﻮل اﻟﻨﺠﻮم إﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻫﺪاف اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى ﻢﺗـ. ﺗﺼـﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻻﻟﺘﻘـﺎط ﺿـﻮء آﻻف اﻷﺟـﺮام ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ ذات اﻟ ﰲ ﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣـﻦ 2400 ﻣﻦ اﻻﻟﻴﺎف اﻟﺒﴫﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺮﻓﻴﻌ ﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺎ وز ﻛـﻞ ﻣﻨﻬـﺎ ﻋـﺮضﺷـﻌﺮة اﻹﻧﺴـﺎن وﻳﻮﺟـ ﻪ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻀـﻮء ﺑﻌـﺪ ذﻟ ـﻚ إﱃ ﺛﻼﺛ ـﺔ ﻣﻄﻴﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﺗﻘـﻮم ﺑﺘﻘﺴـﻴﻤﻪ إﱃ ﻣـﺎ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ﻳﺼﻞ إﱃ 18000 ﻣﺮﻛ ﺐ ﻟ ﻮﻧﻲ ) ﺿﻤﻦ ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﻀﻮء ا ﺮﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴـﺠﻲ إﱃ اﻷﺣﻤ ـﺮ ( ﻣﻤ ـﺎ ﻳﺰودﻧﺎ ﺑﻄﻴﻒ ﻓﺮدي ﻟﻜﻞ ﺟـ ﺮم وﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺨﺪام ﻫــﺬه اﻷﻃﻴــﺎف ا ﺘﻌﺪدة ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﺗﺤﻠﻴــﻞ ﺧﺼــﺎﺋﺺ ا ﺼــﺎدر اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ ا ﺮﺻﻮد ة ﺑﻤـﺎ ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴ ﺎﺋﻲ وﴎﻋﺘﻬﺎ أو ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ . ﻳﻘ ـﻮل ﻳﻮﻫ ـﺎر ﺑﺮﻳﻨﻴ ـﻞ ﻣ ـﺪﻳﺮ ﴩوع ـﻣ ﻣﻄﻴـﺎف 4MOST ﰲ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﻻﻳﺒﻨﻴﺘﺰ ﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﰲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻮﺗﺴﺪام ﰲ أ ﺎﻧﻴـﺎ وﻫـﻮ ا ﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﺬي ﻗﺎد اﺋﺘﻼف ﺗﻄـﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﺠﻬـﺎز :” ﻟﻘـﺪ ﻃﺎﻟـﺐ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔ ﻠﻚ ﻣﻨﺬ وﻗﺖ ﻃﻮﻳـﻞ ﺑﻮﺟـﻮد ﻣﻨﺸﺄة ﻣﺜﻞ 4MOST ."