Free Astronomy Magazine January-February 2026 ARABIC VERSION

JANUARY-FEBRUARY2026 45 NGC 6334 SmithsonianusedtheAtacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Ar- ray (ALMA) to conduct the largest and most detailed survey to date of magnetic fields in 17 regions where clusters of massive stars are form- ing. These observations, reaching down to just a few thousand astro- nomical units (about 10 times the distance from the Sun to Pluto)offer the first statistical insight into how the invisible forces of magnet- ism and gravity wrestle and shape the formation of stars deep within giant molecular clouds. Star forma- tion requires gas in space to be squeezedtodensitiesmorethan ten trillion times greater thanwhat’s typically found in interstellar clouds. But this epic collapse isn’t driven by gravity alone—magnetic fields and turbulence both push back, resisting the pull. For decades, astronomers have de- batedwhichforcedominatesasgas clouds shrink and stars ignite. New ALMA observations by Zhang’s team have provided crucial an- swers. By measuring how the direc- tions of magnetic fields change at different distances from young pro- tostars, the researchers found thatas gas becomes denser, gravity be- gins to win this cosmic tug-of-war. Magnetic fields, which start out mainly resisting gravity, are gradu- ally pulled into alignment with in- fallinggas,showingaclearsign that gravity takes over as the lead- ing force shaping the collapsing cloud. This study marks the firsttime astronomers have statistically traced how magnetic fields behave as gravity pulls a star-forming cloud inward at precise measurements, in thousands of astronomical units, across a large sample of massive cluster-forming regions. The findings revealed a surprising pattern: the magnetic field orienta- tions do not just occur randomly. Instead, they show two prefer- ences:sometimesliningupwiththe directionofgravity,orsometimes perpendicular—evidenceforacom- plex and evolving relationship be- t ween these two cosmicforces. “With ALMA’s extraordinary sensi- tivity and resolution, we can now probe these cosmic birthplaces in unprecedented detail,” said Zhang. “We see that gravity actually reori- ents the magnetic field as clouds collapse, offering new clues about howmassivestars—andtheclusters they inhabit—emerge from the in- terstellar medium.” Understanding how stars form is fundamental to almost every field of astronomy, shaping everything from the ori- gins of our own Sun to the evolu- tion of galaxies. This work not only settles long- standingdebatesabouttherelative importance of magnetic fields and gravity in massive star formation, but also gives scientists powerful new tools to test and refine theo- ries about the life cycles of stars, planets, and cosmic clouds. As the largest ALMA polarimetric study of its kind, this project sets a new standard for understanding both the visible and invisible compo- nents of our galaxy. The results re- veal that while magnetic fields shape star-forming clouds, gravity ultimately takes the lead in birth- ing the most massive stars—an in- sight made possible by ALMA’s cut- ting-edgetechnology.  ﺗ ﻈﻬــﺮ ﻫـــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼـــﻮرة ﻣـــﻦ ﺗﻠﺴـــ ﻮبﺳـــﺒ ر اﻟﻔﻀـــﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘـــﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻨﺎﺳـــﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـــﺔ ﻟﺘﺸـــ ﻞ اﻟﻨﺠـــﻮم داﺧـــﻞ اﻟﺴـــــﺤﺎ ﺔ اﻟـــــ ـ ﺠﺰ ﺌ ﺔ 6334 NGC اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓـــــﺔ أ ﻀـــــ ﺎً ﺎﺳـــــﻢﺳـــــﺪ ﻢ ﻛـــــﻒ اﻟﻘﻄـــــﺔ . ﺗﺘﻮاﻓـــــﻖ اﻷﻟـــــﻮان ﻣـــــﻊ اﻻﻧ ﻌﺎﺛـــــﺎت ﻋﻨـــــﺪ 3.6 ) ﻜــــــﺮون ﻣ ـــــﺎﻷزرق و ( 4.5 ) ﻣ ﻜـــــﺮون ﺎﻷﺧﻀــــــﺮ و ( 8 ) ﻜـــــﺮون ﻣ ـــــﺎﻷ ﻤﺮ .( ﻫــــــﺬﻩ اﻟﺴــــﺤﺎ ﺔ ﺗﺸــــ ﻞ ﻧﺠﻮﻣــــ ﺎً ﺿــــ ﻤﺔ ﻨﺸــــﺎط ــــ اوح ﺑــــ ــــﺔ اﻟﻌﻘــــﺮ ﻋﻠــــﻰ ُﻌــــﺪ وﺗﻘــــﻊ ﻓــــﻲ ﻮﻛ 4,500 و 5,500 ﺳــﻨﺔ ﺿــﻮﺋ ﺔ ﻣــﻦ اﻷرض ﺗ. ﻈﻬــﺮﺑ ﺎﻧــﺎت ﻣﺼــﻔﻮﻓﺔ أﻟﻤــﺎ اﻟﻤﻀــﺎﻓﺔ إﻟــﻰ اﻟﺼــﻮرة ﺗﻔﺎﺻــﻴﻞ أرـــﻊ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺤـﺪدة ﺗـﻢ رﺻـﺪﻫﺎ ) ,NGC6334I, NGC6334I(N),NGC6334IV NGC6334V ( ﺎﺷـﻔﺔً ـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃ ﺴـ ﺔ واﻟـ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻮى ﻏـ ﻣﺮ ـ ﺠﺎذﺑ ﺔ وﻫـﻲ ﺗﺘﺼـﺎرع وﺗﺸـ ﻞ وﻻدة اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﻓـﻲ أﻋﻤـﺎق ﻫــﺬﻩ اﻟﺴـــﺤﺎ ﺔ اﻟــ ـ ﺠﺰ ﺌ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗـــﺔ . ـــﺎس اﻷﻟــﻮان ﻓـــﻲﺻــﻮر و ﻤﺜــﻞ ﻣﻘ ﻣﺼـــﻔﻮﻓﺔ أﻟﻤــﺎ ﺷـــﺪة اﻧ ﻌـــﺎث اﻟﻐ ﺎرﻋﻨﺪ 1.3 ﻣﻠﻢ ﺑ ﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ اﻟ ـ ﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺎ ﻷ ﻗﻤﺸﺔ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟ ـ ﺤﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃ ﺴﻲ . [Background, NASA/JPL-Caltech;overlay: ESO/NAOJ/NSF NRAO; image created by NSF/AUI/NSF NRAO/M. Weiss] أﻛــﱪ وأدق ﻣﺴــﺢ ﺣﺘــﻰ اﻵن ﻟﻠﺤﻘــﻮل ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﰲ 17 ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﺗﺘﺸـﻜﻞ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﻗﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻀـﺨﻤﺔ . ﺗـﻮﻓﺮ ﻫـﺬه ا ﺸﺎﻫﺪات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺘﺪ إﱃ ﺑﻀﻌﺔ آﻻف ﻓﻘـﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺣـﺪات اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﺔ ) أي ﻧﺤـﻮ ﻋـ ﴩة ـ أﺿﻌﺎف ا ﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ وﺑﻠﻮﺗـﻮ ( أول رؤﻳﺔ إﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﴏاع اﻟﻘـﻮى ﻏـ ا ﺮﺋﻴــﺔ - ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴــﻴﺔ واﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴــﺔ ﰲ - ﺗﺸـﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم داﺧـﻞ أﻋﻤـﺎق اﻟﺴـﺤﺐ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗﺔ . ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﺸﻜّﻞ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم أن ﻳﻀــﻐﻂ اﻟﻐــﺎز ﰲ اﻟﻔﻀــﺎء ﻟﻴﺼــﻞ إﱃ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺎت ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﴩـة ﺗﺮﻳﻠﻴﻮﻧـﺎت ﻣﺮة ﻋﻤ ﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺎدة ﰲ اﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﺑ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم . ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻻﻧﻬﻴـﺎر اﻟﻬﺎﺋـ ﻞ ﻻ ﻳﻘـﻮده ﺗـﺄﺛ اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴـﺔ وﺣـﺪه ﻓﺎ ﺠـﺎﻻت ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴـﻴﺔ واﻻﺿﻄﺮاب ) اﻟﺘَﻮَﻫﱡ ﺞ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﻲ ( ﻳـﺪﻓﻌﺎ ن ﰲ واﻻﺿﻄﺮ اﻟﺘﻮﻫّ ) اب ( ﺤﺮﻛﻲ ﺞ اﻟ ﻳـﺪﻓﻌﺎن ﰲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎه ا ﻌﺎﻛﺲ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ اﻟﺠﺬب . وﻟﻌﻘـﻮد د ار اﻟﺠﺪل ﺑ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﺣﻮل أي اﻟﻘﻮﺗ ﺗ ﻬﻴﻤﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﻜﻤﺶ ﺳ ﺤﺐ اﻟﻐـﺎز وﺗﺒـﺪأ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺑﺎﻻﺷﺘﻌﺎل وﻗﺪ ﻗـﺪﻣﺖ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪات ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ أ ﺎ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ أﺟﺮاﻫـﺎ ﻓﺮﻳـﻖ ﺗﺸﺎﻧﻎ إﺟﺎﺑﺎت . ﺣﺎﺳﻤﺔ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻗﻴﺎس ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺗ ﻐـ اﺗﺠﺎﻫـﺎت اﻟﺤﻘﻮل ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ وﺟﺪ اﻟﺒ ﺎﺣﺜﻮن أﻧـﻪ ﻣـﻊ ازدﻳﺎد ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز ﺗﺒﺪأ اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺘﺼﺎر ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺸﺪ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻲ . ﻓﺎ ﺠﺎﻻت ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﺪأ أﺳﺎﺳ ﺎً ﻛﻘﻮة ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺎذﺑﻴـﺔ ﺗﺴـﺤﺐ ﺗــﺪرﻳﺠﻴ ﺎً ﻟﺘﺼ ـ ﻄﻒ ﻣــﻊ اﻟﻐــﺎز ا ﺘﺴﺎﻗﻂ ﻧﺤـﻮ اﻟـﺪا ﺧﻞ ﻣـﺎ ﻳ ﻈﻬـﺮ دﻟـﻴﻼً واﺿﺤ ﺎ ﻋﲆ أن اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻮﱃ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة ﻛ ة ﻘﻮ أ ﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ ا ﻨﻬﺎرة . ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ أول ﻣـﺮ ة ﻳـﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ إﺣﺼـﺎﺋﻴ ﺎً ﺗﺘﺒـﻊ ﻣـﻦ ﺳـﻠﻮك اﻟﺤﻘﻮل ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺸﺪ اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴـﺔ اﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻨ ﺠﻮم ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ ﻋﱪ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎت دﻗﻴﻘﺔ وﻋﲆ ﻣـﺪ ى آﻻف اﻟﻮﺣـﺪات اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ وﻋﱪ ﻋﻴ ﻨﺔ ﻛﺒ ة ﻣﻦ ا ﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﻗﻴﺪ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ . ﻛﺸﻔﺖ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻤﻂ ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺊ : اﺗﺠﺎﻫﺎت اﻟﺤﻘ ـﻮل ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴ ـﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻈﻬ ـﺮ ﺑﺸ ـﻜﻞ ﻋﺸـﻮاﺋﻲ ﺑ ـﻞ ﺗﻈﻬ ـﺮ ﺗﻔﻀــﻴﻠ : أﺣﻴﺎﻧــ ﺎً ﺗﺼﻄ ﻒ ﻣﻊ اﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ وأﺣﻴﺎﻧ ﺎً ﺗﻜـﻮن ﻋﻤﻮدﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﻫﻮ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﲆ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﻌﻘـﺪة وﻣﺘﻄﻮرة ﺑ ﻫـﺎﺗ اﻟﻘـﻮﺗ اﻟﻜـﻮ . ﻧﻴﺘ وﻗﺎل ﺗﺸﺎﻧﻎ :» ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﺼـﻔﻮﻓﺔ أ ـﺎ اﻻﺳـﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ودﻗﺘﻬـ ﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴـﺔ أﺻـﺒﺢ ( أ ﺎ) اﻻﺳـﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ودﻗﺘﻬـ ﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴـﺔ أﺻـﺒﺢ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻨ ـﺎ اﻵن ﻓﺤ ـﺺ ﻫ ـﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﺿ ـﻨﺎت اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻮم ﺑﺘﻔﺎﺻـﻴﻞ ﻏـ ﻣﺴـﺒﻮﻗﺔ . ﻧﺮى أن اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ ﺗﻌ ﻴﺪ ﻓﻌﻠﻴ ﺎً ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟ ﺤﻘـﻞ ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﴘ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻧﻬﻴﺎر اﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻨﺤﻨﺎ دﻻﺋﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﺣـﻮل ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﻧﺸـﻮء اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﻀـﺨﻤﺔ واﻟﻌﻨﺎﻗﻴ ـﺪ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﻘﻄﻨﻬـﺎ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻮﺳﻂ ﺑ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم « . إن ﻓﻬﻢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم أﻣﺮ أﺳﺎﳼ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺠﺎل ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺎﻻت ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒـﺎً اً ﺑﺪء ﻣﻦ أﺻﻮل اﻟﺸﻤﺲ وﺻـﻮﻻً إﱃ ﺗﻄـﻮر ا ﺠﺮات وﻻ ﻳﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺤﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﺪل اﻟﻄﻮﻳــﻞ ﺣــﻮل ﻣــﺪى أﻫﻤﻴــﺔ اﻟﺤﻘــﻮل ا ﻐ ﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴـﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ ﺑﻞ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ أﻳﻀ ﺎً أدوات ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر وﺗﺤﺴ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج ا ﺘﻌﻠﻘـﺔ ﺑﺪورات ﺣﻴﺎة اﻟﻨﺠﻮم واﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ واﻟﺴـﺤﺐ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ . وﺑﺼﻔﺘﻪ أﻛﱪ د راﺳﺔ اﺳـﺘﻘﻄﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ أ ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﻓﺈن ـ ﻫﺬا ا ـ ﴩوع ﻳﻀﻊ اً ﻣﻌﻴﺎر اً ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ا ﻜﻮ ﻧﺎت ا ﺮﺋﻴـﺔ وﻏــ ا ﺮﺋﻴــﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨ ـﺎ و ﻳﻔ ـﺘﺢ آﻓﺎﻗ ـﺎً ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻟ ﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت اﻟﺮﺻـﺪ ا ﺘﻘـﺪم ﻟﻔﻬـﻢ اﻟﻜـﻮن اﻟﻌﻤﻴـﻖ ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ أدق ﻳﺨـﺪم اﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ وا ﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ . ﺗﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺠﺪﻳـﺪة نأ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﺤﻘـﻮل ا ﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴـﻴﺔ ﺗـﺆ ﺛﺮ ﻋـﲆ ﺷـﻜﻞ اﻟﺴـﺤﺐ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﻮم ﻟﻜـﻦ اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴـﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳـﺔ ا ﻄﺎف ﻫﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻮﱃ زﻣﺎم اﻷﻣﻮر ﰲ وﻻدة اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻷﺷﺪ ﺿ ﺨﺎﻣﺔ وﻫﻲ ﺑﺼ ة ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻟﺘﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻟﻮﻻ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ أ ﺎ ا ﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺟﺪاً واﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ . - ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ 2 0 2 6 45 D V B I