Free Astronomy Magazine January-February 2026 ARABIC VERSION

T showed gas which had been highly ionised by energetic radiation, and suggested it was rotating quickly around a central source. These fea- tures are key characteristics of an accreting supermassive black hole. The precise spectral data yielded an estimate of the black hole’s mass, revealingittobeunusuallylargefor suchanearlystageintheUniverse, and showed that CANUCS-LRD-z8.6 is compact and has not yet pro- duced many heavy elements — a galaxyatanearlystageofitsevolu- tion. This combination makes it an intriguing subject for study. Addi- tionally,theWebbspectroscopyal- lowed the team to measure how muchenergyisemittedatdifferent wavelengths,fromwhichtheywere able to characterise the galaxy’s physical properties. This allowed themtodeterminethemassofthe galaxy’s stars and compare it with theblackhole’smass. “Thedatawe receivedfromWebbwasabsolutely crucial,” addedDr.NicholasMartis, a collaborator from the University of Ljubljana, FMF, who helped analysethespectrumofthesource. “Thespectralfeaturesrevealedby Webbprovidedclearsignsofanac- creting black hole at the centre of the galaxy, something that could nothavebeenobservedwithprevi- ous technology. What makes this even more compelling is that the galaxy’sblackholeisovermassive compared to its stellar mass. This suggests that black holes in theearly Universe may have grownmuch faster than the galaxies that host them.” Astronomers have previously ob- servedthatthemassofasupermas- sive black hole and its host galaxy are linked: the larger a galaxy grows, the larger its central black hole also becomes. CANUCS-LRD- z8.6isthemostmassivehostgalaxy knownatsuchanearlytime,yetits centralblackholeisevenmoremas- sivethanwewouldexpect,defying the usual relation. The result sug- gests that black holes may have formed and started growing at an accelerated pace in the early Uni- verse,eveninrelativelysmallgalax- ies. “This discovery is an exciting step in understanding the forma- tionofthefirstsupermassiveblack holesintheUniverse,” explained Prof. Maruša Brada č , leader of the groupattheUniversityofLjubljana, FMF. “The unexpected rapid growth oftheblackholeinthisgalaxyraises questionsabouttheprocessesthat allowed such massive objects to emerge so early. As we continue to analyse the data, we hope to find more galaxies like CANUCS-LRD- z8.6, which could provide us with even greater insights into the ori- gins of black holes and galaxies.” The team is already planning addi- tional observations with the Ata- cama Large Millimetre/submilli- metre Array (ALMA) and Webb to further study the cold gas and dustin the galaxy and to refine their un- derstanding of the black hole’s properties. The ongoing researchinto this LRD is poised to answer crucial questions about the early Universe, including how black holes and galaxies co-evolved in the first billionyearsofcosmichistory.Asas- tronomers continue to explore the early Universe with JWST, further surprises are expected to emerge, offering an increasingly detailed picture of how the first supermas- sive black holes grew and evolved, setting the stage for the formationoftheluminousquasarsthatli ght uptheUniversetoday.    JANUARY-FEBRUARY2026 ﺗﻌﺪ ﻫﺬه ا ﻴﺰات ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ رﺋﻴﺴـﻴﺔ ﻟﺜﻘـﺐ أﺳﻮد ﻓـﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ ﻳﻜﺘﺴـﺐ ا ـﺎدة . وﻗـﺪ أﺳﻔﺮت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت اﻟﻄﻴﻔﻴـﺔ اﻟﺪ ﻗﻴﻘـﺔ ﻋـﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﻘـﺐ اﻷﺳـﻮد ﻣﻮﺿـﺤﺔ أﻧـﻪ ﺿﺨﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻏـ ﻣﻌﺘـﺎد ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴـﺒ ﺔ ﻟﻬـﺬه ا ﺮﺣﻠﺔ ا ﺒﻜﺮة ﻣﻦ ا ﻟﻜﻮن ﻛﻤـﺎ أﻇﻬـﺮت أن ﻣﺠـﺮة CANUCS-LRD-z8.6 ﻣﻀـﻐﻮﻃﺔ وﻟﻢ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻜﺜ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻨـﺎﴏ اﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠـﺔ أي أﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺠﺮة ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﺒﻜﺮة ﻣﻦ ﺗﻄﻮ رﻫﺎ ﻳﺠﻌـﻞ ﻫـﺬا ا ـﺰﻳﺞ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺼـﻔﺎت ﻣﻨﻬـﺎ ﻣﻮﺿــﻮﻋ ﺎً ﻟﻼ ﺟــﺬاﺑﺎً ﺑﺪ ﺎم ﻫﺘﻤــ راﺳــ ﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻜـﻦ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴـﻞ اﻟﻄﻴﻔـﻲ ﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻣـﻦ ﻗﻴـﺎس ﻛﻤﻴـﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ا ﻨﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ أﻃﻮال ﻣﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ وﻣــﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻬــﺎ ﺗﻤﻜﻨــﻮا ﻣــﻦ ﺗﻮﺻــﻴﻒ اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺮة . وﻗـﺪ أﺗـﺎح ﻟﻬــﻢ ذﻟــﻚ ﺗﺤﺪﻳ ـﺪ ﻛﺘﻠــﺔ ﻧﺠ ـﻮم ا ﺠــﺮة وﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳـﻮ . د وأﺿـﺎف اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻧﻴﻜﻮﻻس ﻣـﺎرﺗﻴﺲ ا ﺘﻌـﺎون ﻣـﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻟﻴﻮﺑﻠﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎت واﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﺬي ﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﰲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻃﻴﻒ ا ﺼﺪر : " ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻠﻘﻴﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮب وﻳـﺐ ﺣﺎﺳﻤﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﻣ . ﺎً ا ﻴﺰات اﻟﻄﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻋﻨﻬـﺎ ﺗﻠﺴــﻜﻮب وﻳ ـﺐ أﻇﻬـﺮت ﻋﻼﻣـﺎت واﺿﺤﺔ ﻋﲆ وﺟـﻮد ﺛﻘـﺐ أ ﺳـﻮد ﻳﻜﺘﺴـﺐ ا ﺎدة ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ا ﺠﺮة وﻫـﻮ أﻣـﺮ ﻟـﻢ ﻳﻜـﻦ ﺑﺎﻹﻣﻜﺎن رﺻﺪه . ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻫﻮ أن اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷ ﺳـﻮد ﰲ ﻫـﺬه ا ﺠـﺮة ﺿﺨﻢ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔً ﺑﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻧﺠﻮﻣﻬﺎ ." ﻳﺸ ﻫـﺬا إﱃ أن اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن ا ﺒﻜـﺮ ﻗـﺪ ﺗﻜـﻮن ﻧﻤـﺖ أﴎع ﺑﻜﺜــ ﻣـﻦ ا ﺠـﺮات ا ﻀﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ . ﻻﺣـﻆ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـﻮن أن ﺳـﺎﺑﻘﺎً ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ﻓـﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄـﺔ ﺑﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻪ ا ﻀﻴﻔﺔ : ﻓﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﻧﻤﺖ ا ﺠﺮة، ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ﻓـﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄـﺔ ﺑﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻪ ا ﻀﻴﻔﺔ : ﻓﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﻧﻤﺖ ا ﺠـﺮة زادت ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﻘـﺐ اﻷ ﺳـﻮد ا ﺮﻛـﺰي ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ أﻳﻀًﺎ . ﺗﻌﺪ CANUCS-LRD-z8.6 أﺿـﺨﻢ ﻣﺠﺮة ﻣﻀـﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓـﺔ ﰲ ﻫـﺬه ا ﺮﺣﻠـﺔ ا ﺒﻜﺮة وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ا ﺮﻛﺰ ي ﻓﻴﻬﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﺘﻮﻗﻊ اً ز ﻣﺘﺠﺎو اﻟﻌﻼﻗـﺔ ا ﻌﺘـﺎدة ﺑـ ا ﺠــﺮات واﻟﺜﻘـﻮب اﻟﺴـﻮداء . وﺗﺸـ اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠـﺔ إﱃ أن اﻟﺜﻘـﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء رﺑﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗ ﺪ ﺗﺸـﻜﻠﺖ وﺑـﺪأت ﰲ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺑﻮﺗ ة ﻣﺘﺴﺎرﻋﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن ا ﺒﻜﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ ﰲ ا ﺠــﺮات اﻟﺼــ ﻐ ة ﻧﺴــﺒﻴ . ﺎً وﻗﺎﻟــﺖ اﻟﱪوﻓﻴﺴﻮرة ﻣﺎروﺷﺎ ﺑﺮاداش ﻗﺎﺋﺪة اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻟﻴﻮﺑﻠﻴﺎﻧﺎ :" ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﺧﻄﻮة ﻣﺜ ة ﻧﺤﻮ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ أول اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن ." إن اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟ ﴪﻳﻊ ـ ﻏ ا ﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﻠﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳـﻮد ﰲ ﻫـﺬه ا ﺠـﺮة ﻳﻄـﺮح ﺗﺴـﺎؤﻻت ﺣــﻮل اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴــﺎت اﻟﺘ ـﻲ ﺳﻤﺤﺖ ﻟﻈﻬﻮر أﺟﺴﺎم ﺿ ﺨﻤﺔ ﺑﻬﺬا اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﰲ وﻗﺖ ﻣﺒﻜﺮ ﺟﺪاً وﻣـﻊ اﺳـﺘﻤﺮار ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻳﺄﻣﻞ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﰲ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﲆ ﻣﺠﺮات أﺧﺮى ﻣﺸـﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﻟــ CANUCS-LRDz8.6 واﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗـﻮﻓﺮ رؤى أﻋﻤـﻖ ﺣـ ﻮل أﺻـﻮل اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء وا ﺠﺮا ت وﻳﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻹﺟﺮاء أرﺻﺎد إﺿـﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ أﺗﺎﻛﺎﻣﺎ اﻟﻜﺒـ ة ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻴﻤـﱰ دون / ا ﻠﻴﻤﱰ أ ﺎ) ( وﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﺒـ ﺎرد واﻟﻐﺒــﺎر ﰲ ا ﺠــﺮة ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ أﻋﻤ ـﻖ وﻟﺼﻘﻞ ﻓﻬﻤﻬﻢ ﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺜﻘﺐ اﻷﺳـﻮد . وﻳﻬﺪف اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ا ﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺣﻮل ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﻘـﺎط اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﺼﻐ ة إﱃ اﻹﺟﺎﺑـﺔ ﻋـﲆ أﺳـﺌﻠﺔ ﺣﺎﺳﻤﺔ ﺣـﻮل اﻟﻜـﻮ ن ا ﺒﻜـﺮ ﺑﻤـﺎ ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء وا ﺠﺮات ﻣﻌ ﺎً ﰲ أول ﻣﻠﻴﺎر ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﻛﻤـﺎ أن ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻫﺬه ا ﺠﺮات اﻟﻨﺎﺋﻴـﺔ ﺳﺘﺴـﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء ﻋــﲆ ﻓﻬـﻢ دور اﻟﺘﻔ ـﺎﻋﻼت ﺑ ـ ا ﺠ ﺮات ﰲ ﺗﴪﻳﻊ ﻧﻤـﻮ اﻟﺜﻘـﻮب اﻟﺴـﻮداء واﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف ﺗﺄﺛ اﻟﺒﻴﺌـﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴـﺔ ا ﺒﻜـﺮة ﻋ ﲆ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم وا ﻮاد اﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ إﻃﺎر ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﻬﻴﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﻜﺒ ة ﰲ اﻟﻜـﻮن ا ﺒﻜـﺮ ﺑﻄـﺮق ﻟـﻢ ﺗﻜـﻦ ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ وﻣﻊ اﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﰲ اﺳﺘﻜﺸــﺎف اﻟﻜــﻮن ا ﺒﻜــﺮ ﺑﻮاﺳــﻄﺔ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﻳﺘﻮﻗـﻊ ﻇﻬـﻮر ﻣﺰﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻦ ا ﻔﺎﺟﺂت ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺪم ﺻـﻮرة أﻛﺜـﺮ ﺗﻔﺼـﻴﻼً ﺣﻮل ﻧﻤـﻮ وﺗﻄـﻮر أول اﻟﺜﻘـﻮب اﻟﺴـﻮداء ﻓﺎﺋﻘـﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻠـ ﻴـﻤﻬﺗﺔ و ﺪ اﻟﻄﺮﻳـﻖ ﻟﺘﺸـﻜ ﻞ اﻟﻜﻮازارات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻀ ـ ﻲء اﻟﻜﻮن اﻟﻴﻮم . ﺗ ﻈﻬــــــﺮ ﻫــــــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼــــــﻮرة ﻋﺎ ــــــﺔ اﻟﺪﻗـــــــﺔ ﻟ ﻣﻮﻗــــــﻊ اﻟﻤﺠــــــﺮة CANUCS-LRD-z8.6 ﻓــــــﻲﻋﻨﻘــــــﻮد اﻟﻤﺠـــــــﺮات J1149.5+2223 MACS ـــﺎﻣ ا ﺑﻮاﺳـــﻄﺔ ﺗﻠﺴـــ ﻮب ـــﺐ ﻟﻸﺷـــﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـــﺖ اﻟـــ و ـ ـــﺔ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮ ـــﺎم ) ﻧ .( ﺗﻨﺘﻤـــﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺮة CANUCS-LRD-z8.6 إﻟﻰﻓﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺮات اﻟﺼﻐ ة اﻟ ﻌ ﺪة ﺟـﺪاً ـ واﻟـ ﻤﺮاء واﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓـﺔ ﺎﺳـﻢ اﻟﻨﻘــــﺎط اﻟــــ ـ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﺼـــــﻐ ة ــــﺪة ﺧــــﻼل ــــﺐ ﺄﻋـــــﺪاد ﻣ ا رﺻــــﺪﻫﺎ ﺗﻠﺴـــــ ﻮب و واﻟــــ ـــــﺎت ﻋﻤﻠ ﻣﺴــــﺤﮫ ـــــﻮن ﻟﻠ اﻟﻤ ﻜﺮ . ﺗﻘﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺠﺮة ﻓﻲ ﻮﻛ ﺔ اﻷﺳﺪ وﻗﺪ رﺻﺪﻫﺎ و ﺐ ﻌﺪ 570 ﻣﻠﻴﻮنﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر اﻟﻌﻈ ﻢ . [ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, G. Rihtarši č (University of Ljubljana, FMF), R. Tripodi (University of Ljubljana, FMF)] - ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ 2 0 2 6