Free Astronomy Magazine January-February 2026 ARABIC VERSION

O 40 A feasting supermassiveblac k hole in the early Universe byNASA/ESA/CSA BethanyDowner veritsfirstthreeyears, Webb'ssurveysoftheearly Universe have turned up an increasingnumberofsmall,ex-tremely distant, and strikingly red objects.Theseso-calledLittleRed Dots(LRDs)remainatantalisingmys- terytoastronomers,despitetheir unexpectedabundance. ThediscoveryinCANUCS-LRD-z8.6, made possible by Webb’s excep- tional capabilities, has assisted in thishuntforanswers.Webb’sNear- InfraredSpectrograph(NIRSpec)en- abled researchers to observe the faint light from this distant galaxy anddetectkeyspectralfeaturesthat pointtothepresenceofanaccret- ingblackhole.RobertaTripodi,lead authorofthestudyandaresearcher oftheUniversityofLjubljanaFMF,in SloveniaandINAF−OsservatorioAs- tronomico di Roma, in Italy, ex- plained: “Thisdiscoveryistrulyre- markable.We’veobservedagalaxy fromlessthan600millionyearsaf- ter the Big Bang, and not only is it hosting a supermassive black hole, buttheblackholeisgrowingrapidly – farfasterthanwewouldexpectinsuch agalaxyatthisearlytime.This challenges our understanding of black hole and galaxy formation in theearlyUniverseandopensupnewave nuesofresearchintohowthese objectscametobe.” Theteamana- lysedthegalaxy'sspectrum,which وﻟ ﻤﺔ ﺛﻘﺐ أﺳﻮد ﻓﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺠﺮاﻟ ﻮن : ﻘﻠﻢ ﺑ ﺜﺎﻧﻲداوﻧﺮ و ﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ / و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷور وﺑ ﺔ و ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﻜﻨﺪ ﺔ 40 ﻛﺸـﻔﺖ ﻣﺴﻮﺣﺎت ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﺟﻴﻤﺲ وﻳﺐ ﻟﻠﻜﻮن ا ﺒﻜﺮ ﻋـﲆ ﻣـﺪار اﻟﺴـﻨﻮات اﻟـﺜﻼث اﻷوﱃ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺘﺰاﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺟ ﺮام اﻟﺼـﻐ ة ا ﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة ﺟﺪاً واﻟ ﺤﻤﺮاء اﻟﻼﻓﺘﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈـﺮ . ﻫـﺬه اﻷ ﺟﺮام ا ﻌﺮ وﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﺳـﻢ اﻟﻨﻘـﺎط اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء اﻟﺼ ـﻐ ة ﻻ ﺗ ـﺰال ﻟﻐ ـﺰ اً اً ﻣﺜ ـ ﻻﻫﺘﻤ ـﺎم اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴـ ﻋـﲆ اﻟـﺮﻏﻢ ﻣـﻦ وﻓﺮﺗﻬـﺎ ﻏـ ا ﺘﻮﻗﻌــﺔ . ﻟﻘــﺪ ﺳــﺎﻋﺪ اﻻﻛﺘﺸــﺎف ﰲ CANUCS-LRD-z8.6 واﻟﺬي أﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﻤﻜﻨ ﺎً ﺑﻔﻀﻞ اﻟﻘﺪرات اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب وﻳﺐ ﰲ اﻟﺒﺤ ﺚ ﻋﻦ إﺟﺎﺑﺎت . ﻓﻘﺪ ﻣﻜـﻦ ﻣﻘﻴـﺎس اﻟﻄﻴﻒ ﺑﺎﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ اﻟﺤﻤـﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒـﺔ ) ﻧ ﺳـﺒﻚ ( اﻟﺒـﺎﺣﺜ ﻣ ـﻦ رﺻـﺪ اﻟﻀـﻮء اﻟﺨﺎﻓﺖ اﻟﻘﺎدم ﻣـﻦ ﻫـﺬه ا ﺠـﺮة اﻟﺒﻌﻴـﺪة واﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻣﻴﺰات ﻃﻴﻔﻴﺔ رﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺗﺸـ إﱃ وﺟﻮد ﺛﻘﺐ أﺳﻮد ﻳﻜ ﺘﺴﺐ ا ﺎدة . أوﺿﺤﺖ روﺑﺮﺗﺎ ﺗﺮﻳﺒﻮدي ا ﺆﻟﻔﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴـﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳﺔ و اﻟ ﺒﺎﺣﺜـﺔ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﺔ ﻟﻴﻮﺑﻠﻴﺎﻧـﺎ ﰲ و ﺳﻠﻮﻓﻴﻨﻴﺎ ا ﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻲ ﰲ روﻣﺎ ﺑﺈﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ ": ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻣﺬﻫﻞ ﺣﻘًﺎ . ﻟﻘـﺪ رﺻـﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﺠﺮة ﺗﻌﻮد إﱃ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ 600 ﻣﻠﻴﻮن ﺳﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ، وﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺘـﻮي ﻋﲆ ﺛﻘﺐ أﺳﻮد ﻓـﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ ﺑـﻞ إن ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺜﻘﺐ ﻳﻨﻤﻮ ﺑﴪﻋﺔ ﻛﺒـ ة أﴎع ﺑﻜﺜـ — اﻟﺜﻘﺐ ﻳﻨﻤﻮ ﺑ ـ ﴪﻋﺔ ﻛﺒـ ة ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ أﴎع ﺑﻜﺜ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻧﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه ا ﺠﺮة ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻔـﱰة ا ﺒﻜــﺮة إن . ﻫـﺬا ﻳﺘﺤـﺪى ﻓﻬﻤﻨ ـﺎ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺜﻘﻮب اﻟﺴﻮداء وا ﺠﺮات ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن ا ﺒﻜﺮ وﻳﻔﺘﺢ آﻓﺎﻗًﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻟﻠﺒ ﺤﺚ ﰲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻧﺸﻮء ﻫـﺬه اﻷﺟﺴـﺎم . ﻟﻘـﺪ ﺣﻠـﻞ اﻟﻔﺮﻳـﻖ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ اﻟﻄﻴﻒ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎ ﺠﺮة واﻟﺬي أﻇﻬﺮ وﺟﻮد ﻏﺎز ﺗﻢ ﺗﺄﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺪر ﺟﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳـﻄﺔ اﻹﺷﻌﺎع ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ وأﺷـﺎر إﱃ أﻧـﻪ ﻛـﺎن ﻳﺪور ﺑﴪﻋﺔ ﺣﻮل ﻣﺼﺪر ﻣﺮﻛﺰي . ﺗ ﻈﻬـــــﺮ ﻫــــــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼــــــﻮرة ﺟــــــﺰء اً ﻣــــــﻦ ﻋﻨﻘــــــﻮد اﻟﻤﺠــﺮات MACS J1149.5+2223 ﺻــﺪ ﻤــﺎ ر ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺎﻣ ا ﺗﻠﺴـ ﻮب ـﺐ ﻟﻸﺷـﻌﺔ ﺗﺤـﺖ و ـاﻟ ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻘﺮ ﺔ ﻧ ﺎم ) ( و ﻔﻀﻞ اﻟ ـ ﺤﺴﺎﺳ ﺔ ـــــﺐ ﺗﺠـــــﺎﻩ اﻟﻀـــــﻮء ﺗﺤـــــﺖ ـــــﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﺴـــــ ﻮب و اﻟﻌﺎﻟ اﻷ ﻤـــــــــــــــﺮوﺳـــــــــــــــﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﻌـــــــــــــــﺮ ﺾ اﻟﻄﻮ ﻠـــــــــــــــﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻣﺠــــــــﺔ ﻓــــــــﻲﻫــــــــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼــــــــﻮرة، ﺗــــــــﻢ إﺑـــــــــﺮاز ــــــﺪة اﻟﻤﺠــــــﺮات اﻟ ﻌ ) ــــــﺎﻷﻟﻮان اﻟــــــ ـ ﻣــــــﻦ ( ﻤﺮاء اﻟﻈﻼم . أﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﺠـﺮات اﻷﺧـﺮىﻓﺘﺘـﻮﻫﺞ ﻘـﻮة ﺗﺸﻌ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ وﻓﺮة اﻟﻀﻮء اﻟﺬ .ﮫ [ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, G. Rihtarši č (University of Ljubljana,FMF), R. Tripodi (University of Ljubljana, FMF)]