Free Astronomy Magazine January-February 2026 ARABIC VERSION

JANUARY-FEBRUARY2026 A ingdiskaroundV883Orionis. LMA’simageoftheplanet-form- [ALMA(ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/L.Cieza] 33 insightsintothehistoryofwaterin ourSolarSystem.Astronomersusing theAtacamaLargeMillimeter/sub- millimeterArray(ALMA)havemade afirst-everdetectionofdoubly deuterated water (D ₂ O, or “heavy water”)inaplanet-formingdisk around V883 Ori, a young star. This means that the water in this disk, and by extension the water in com- ets that form here, predates the birth of the star itself, having jour- neyed through space from ancient molecular clouds long before this solarsystemformed. “Ourdetection indisputably demonstrates that the water seen in this planet-forming disk must be older than the central star and formed at the earliest stages of star and planet forma- tion,” shares Margot Leemker, lead author on this paper, and a postdoc withtheDepartmentofPhysics,Uni- versity of Milan. “This presents a majorbreakthroughinunderstand- ing the journey of water through planet formation, and how this watermadeitswaytoourSolarSys- tem, and possibly Earth,through similar processes.” Does this mean thatthewaterinyourmorningcup of coffee could be older than the Sun?Thechemicalfingerprintingof D ₂ O shows that these water mole- culeshavesurvivedtheviolent processes of star and planet forma- tion, travelling billions of kilometers through space and time before, ending up in planetary systems like our own. Instead of being destroyed and reformed in the disk, the bulkof this water is inherited from the earliest,coldeststagesofstarforma- tion, a cosmic hand-me-down that may also be present on Earth today. “ Until now, we weren’t sure if most of the water in comets and planets formed fresh in young disks likeV883 Ori, or if it’s ‘pristine,’ origi- nating from ancient interstellar clouds,” shares John Tobin, a scien- tist with the U.S. National Science Foundation National Radio Astron- omy Observatory, and second au- thor on this new paper. Thedetectionofheavywater,using sensitive isotopologue ratios (D ₂ O/ H ₂ O), proves the water’s ancient heritageandprovidesamissinglink between clouds, disks, comets, and ultimately planets. This finding isthe first direct evidence of water’s interstellar journey from clouds to the materials that form planetary systems—unchanged and intact. Water is fundamental to life and habitability.Knowingwhereplane- tarywatercomesfromhelpsusun- derstand the ingredients for life in ourSolarSystemandinothers.This discoverysuggeststhatmanyyoung planets,andmaybeevenworldsbe- yond our own, could inherit water billions of years older thanthem- selves,remindingushowdeeplyin- terconnectedourexistenceiswith theuniverse’sancientpast.   ﺻـﻮرة اﻟﺘﻘﻄــﺖ ﺑﻮاﺳــﻄﺔ ﻣﺮﺻــﺪ أﻟﻤـﺎ ﻟﻘــﺮص ﺗ ﻮن اﻟ ﻮاﻛﺐﺣﻮل ا ﻟﻨ ﻢ V883 أور ﻮﻧ ﺲ [AL ( SO/NAOJ/NRAO)/L. Cieza] 33 اﻟﺸﻤ . ﴘـ اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ أﺗﺎﻛﺎﻣﺎ اﻟﻜﺒ ة ا ﻠﻴﻤﱰ ﻳﺔ وﺷﺒﻪ ا ﻠﻴﻤﱰ ﻳـﺔ ولﻷ ( أ ﺎ) رﺻﺪ ﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌـﺎت ا ـﺎء ﻣﺰدوﺟـﺔ اﻟ ـﺪﻳﻮﺗ ﻳﻮم ) (D ₂ O "و أ ا ــﺎء اﻟﺜﻘﻴــﻞ ﰲ " ﻗﺮص ﺗﻜﻮﱡ ن ﻛﻮاﻛﺐ ﺣـﻮل اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﺸـﺎب V883 أورﻳﻮﻧﻴﺲ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ أن ا ﺎء ﰲ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻘـﺮص، وﺑﺎﻟﺘـﺎﱄ ا ـﺎء ﰲ ا ـ ﺬﻧﺒﺎت اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺘﻜﻮّن ﻫﻨـﺎ ﺳـﺒﻖ وﻻدة اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ إذ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ ﻋﱪ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻧﻄﻼﻗًـﺎ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺴـﺤﺐ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻜﻮّ ن ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻨﻈـﺎم اﻟﺸﻤﴘ ﺑﻔﱰة ﻃﻮﻳ . ﻠﺔ ﻛﺸـﻔﻨﺎ ﻳﺜﺒـﺖ ﺑـﻼ ﺟﺪال أن ا ﻴﺎه اﻟﺘﻲ ر ﺻﺪت ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘـﺮص اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن أﻗـﺪم ﻣـﻦ اﻟـﻨﺠﻢ ا ﺮﻛﺰي وﻗﺪ ﺗﺸﻜّﻠﺖ ﰲ ا ﺮاﺣﻞ ا ﺒﻜﺮ اً ة ﺟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم واﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ ﺗﺸﺎرك ﻣﺎرﻏﻮ ﻟﻴﻤﻜـﺮ ا ﺆﻟﻔـﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴـﻴﺔ ﻟﻬــﺬه اﻟﻮرﻗ ـﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ وزﻣﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟـﺪﻛﺘﻮراه ﰲ ﻗﺴـﻢ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء ﺑﺠﺎﻣﻌـﺔ ﻣﻴﻼﻧـﻮ إن . ﻫـﺬا ﻳﻤﺜـﻞ اﺧﱰاﻗ ﺎً ﻟﻔﻬ اَ ﻛﺒ ﻢ رﺣﻠﺔ ا ﺎء ﺧﻼل ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ وﻛﻴﻒ وﺻﻞ ﻫﺬا ا ـﺎء إﱃ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨـﺎ اﻟﺸ ـ ﻤﴘ ورﺑﻤـﺎ إﱃ اﻷرض ﻋـﱪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎت “ . ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻫﻞ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻫﺬا أن ا ـﺎء ﰲ ﻓﻨﺠـﺎن ". ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻫﻞ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻫﺬا أن ا ـﺎء ﰲ ﻓﻨﺠـﺎن ﻗﻬﻮﺗـﻚ ا ﻟﺼـﺒﺎﺣﻲ ﻗـﺪ ﻳﻜـﻮن أﻗـﺪم ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ؟ ﺗ ﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﺼﻤﺔ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴـﺎء اﻟﻨﻮوﻳـﺔ ﺎء اﻟـﺪﻳﻮﺗ ﻳﻮم ) D ₂ O ( أن ﺟﺰﻳﺌـﺎت ا ـﺎء ﻫﺬه ﻧﺠﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﻌﻨﻴﻔـﺔ ﻟﺘﻜـﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠــﻮم واﻟﻜﻮاﻛــﺐ وﻗﻄﻌــﺖ ﻣﻠﻴــﺎرات اﻟﻜﻴﻠﻮﻣﱰات ﻋﱪ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء واﻟـﺰﻣﻦ ﻗﺒـﻞ أن ﺗﺼﻞ إﱃ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻛﻮﻛﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ . ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺟﻮن ﺗﻮﺑ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﰲ ا ﺮﺻﺪ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺮادﻳـﻮ اﻟﻔﻠﻜـﻲ اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﺆﺳﺴـﺔ اﻟﻌﻠـﻮم اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ وا ﺆﻟﻒ اﻟﺜـﺎﻧﻲ ﰲ ﻫـﺬه اﻟﻮرﻗﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ": ﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ أن ﺗﺪﻣﺮ وﺗﻌـﺎد ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮص ﻓﺈن ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﻫـﺬا ا ـﺎء ﻣﻮروث ﻣﻦ ا ﺮاﺣﻞ اﻷوﱃ واﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺮودة ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻛﺄﻧﻪ إرث ﻛﻮﻧﻲ ﻗـﺪ ﻳﻜـﻮن اً ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻋﲆ اﻷرض اﻟﻴﻮم أﻳﻀ و ﺎً ﺣﺘـﻰ اﻵن ﻟﺴﻨﺎ ﻣﺘﺄﻛﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻤﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻣﻌﻈـﻢ ا ـﺎء ﰲ ا ــﺬﻧﺒﺎ ت واﻟﻜﻮاﻛــﺐ ﻳﺘﺸــﻜﻞ ﺣــﺪﻳﺜ ﰲ ﺎً اﻷﻗﺮاص اﻟﺸﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ V883 أورﻳـﻮﻧﻴﺲ أم أﻧﻪ " ﻧﻘﻲ" ﻧﺎﺷﺊ ﻣﻦ ﺳـﺤﺐ ﺑـ ﻧﺠﻤﻴـﺔ . " ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺔ رﺻﺪ ا ﺎء اﻟﺜﻘﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻧﺴﺐ اﻟﻨﻈﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﺔ ) D ₂ O/H ₂ O ( ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻗﺪم ﻫـﺬا ا ـﺎء وﻳﻘـﺪ م اﻟﺤﻠﻘـﺔ ا ﻔﻘـﻮدة ﺑـ ا ﻟﺴﺤﺐ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ واﻷﻗـﺮاص وا ـﺬﻧﺒﺎت وﰲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﻮ اﻛﺐ . ﻫﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸـﺎف ﻫـﻮ أول دﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﴍ ﻋﲆ رﺣﻠﺔ ا ﺎء ﺑ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴـﺤﺐ إﱃ ا ـﻮاد اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗُﺸـﻜﻞ اﻷﻧﻈﻤـﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻴﺔ دون ﺗﻐﻴ ودون ﺗﺪﻣ . ا ﺎء أﺳـﺎﳼ ﻟﻠﺤﻴـﺎة وﺻـﻼﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛـﺐ ﻟﻠﺴـﻜﻦ . ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﺔ ﻣﺼـﺪر ا ـﺎء اﻟﻜـﻮﻛﺒﻲ ﺗﺴـﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﻋـﲆ ﻓﻬـﻢ ﻣﻜﻮﻧـﺎت اﻟﺤﻴـﺎة ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﻤﴘ وﰲ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ أﺧـﺮى وﺗﺸـ ﻫﺬه اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت إﱃ أن اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ اﻟﺸﺎﺑ ﺔ ورﺑﻤﺎ ﻋﻮاﻟﻢ أﺧﺮى ﺧﺎرج ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺮث ﻣﻴﺎﻫـ ﺎ أﻗـﺪم ﺑﻤ ﻠﻴـﺎرات اﻟﺴـﻨ ﻣـﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎ، ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺬﻛ ﺮﻧﺎ ﺑﻤﺪى اﻟﱰاﺑﻂ اﻟﻌﻤﻴـ ﻖ ﺑ وﺟﻮدﻧﺎ وﻣﺎﴈ اﻟﻜﻮن اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ . ا ﺎء اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﺬي وﺻﻞ إﱃ ﻛﻮاﻛﺒﻨﺎ اﻟﻴـﻮم ﻻ ﻳ ﺮوي ﻓﻘﻂ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺗﺸﻜّﻞ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺸﻤﴘ ﺑﻞ ﻳﻔﺘﺢ ﻧﺎﻓﺬة ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﺗﻄـﻮر اﻟﺤﻴـﺎة وﻳﻮﺿـﺢ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟ ﻠﻜﻮن أن ﻳﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﺑﺄﴎاره ﻋﱪ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ وﻳﺤﻔﺰ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ا ﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺼـﺎدر اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ا ﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﰲ أﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺑﻌﻴﺪة ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨ ﺎ وﻳﻌﺰز ﻓﻬﻤﻨﺎ ﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ا ﻴﺎه واﻟﻜﻮن . - ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ 2 0 2 6