Free Astronomy Magazine January-February 2026 ARABIC VERSION

ASTROPUBLISHING 29 lowingdeepredfromthedistant past:galaxyY1shinesthankstodustg rainsheatedbynewly-formed stars(circledinthisimagefromthe JamesWebbtelescope).[NASA,ESA, CSA,STScI,J.Diego(InstitutodeFísica deCantabria,Spain),J.D’Silva (U.WesternAustralia),A.Koekemoer (STScI),J.Summers&R.Windhorst (ASU),andH.Yan(U.Missouri)] grown quickly when the universe was very young, solving a long- standing puzzle for astronomers. The first generations of stars formed under conditions very dif- ferentfromanywherewecanseein the nearby universe today. As- tronomersarestudyingthesediffer- ences using powerful telescopes thatcandetectgalaxiessofaraway their light has travelled towards us forbillionsofyear.Now,aninterna- tional team of astronomers led by TomBakxatChalmersUniversityof Technology in Sweden has meas- uredthetemperatureofoneofthe most distant known star factories. The galaxy, known as Y1, is so far awaythatitslighthastakenover13 billion years to reach us. “We’relookingbacktoatimewhen theuniversewasmakingstarsmuch faster than today. Previous observa- tionsrevealedthepresenceofdust inthisgalaxy,makingitthefurthest away we've ever directly detected lightfromglowingdust.Thatmade ussuspectthatthisgalaxymightbe running a different, superheated kindofstarfactory.Tobesure,we set out to measure its tempera- ture,” saysTomBakx.Starslikeour Sun are forged in huge, dense clouds of gas in space. The Orion Nebula and the Carina Nebula are two examples of such star factories. Theyshinebrightlyinthenightsky, powered by their youngest and most massive stars, which light up clouds of gas and dust in many dif- ferent colours. At wavelengths longer than the human eye can see, star factories shine brightly thanks to huge num- bers of tiny grains of cosmic dust, heated by starlight. To be able to probethegalaxy'stemperature,the scientists needed the superior sensi- tivity of ALMA. One of the world's largesttelescopes,ALMA’sdry,high- altitude location in Chile made it possibletoimagethegalaxyinjust therightcolour,atawavelengthof 0.44millimetresusingitsBand9in- strument. “At wavelengths like this, the galaxy is lit up by billowing cloudsofglowingdustgrains.When we saw how bright this galaxy shines compared to other wave- lengths, we immediately knew we were looking at something truly special,” saysTomBakx.Thedetec- tionshowedthegalaxy’sdustglow- ing at a temperature of 90 Kelvin – around -180 degrees Celsius. “The temperature is certainly chilly com- pared to household dust on Earth, butit’smuchwarmerthananyother comparablegalaxywe’veseen.This confirmed that it really is an ex- tremestarfactory.Eventhoughit’s thefirsttimewe’veseenagalaxy likethis,wethinkthattherecould bemanymoreoutthere.Star facto- ries like Y1 could have been com- mon in the early universe,” says team member Yoichi Tamura, as- tronomer at Nagoya University, Japan.Y1ismanufacturingstarsat the extreme rate of over 180 solar masses per year, an unsustainable pace that cannot last long. On average, our galaxy, the Milky Way, creates only about one solar mass per year. Brief, hidden burstsof star formation, as seen in Y1,may have been common in the early universe,thescientistssuspect. “We don'tknowhowcommonsuch phases might be in the early uni- verse, so in the future we want to look for more examples of star fac- tories like this. We also plan to use the high-resolution capabilities of ALMA to take a closer look at how this galaxy works,” says Tom Bakx. Bakx’s team believes that galaxy Y1 may help solve another cosmic mys- tery. Earlier studies have shown that galaxies in the early universe ap- pear to have far more dust thantheirstarscouldhaveproduced in the short time they have been shining. Astronomers have been puzzled by this, but Y1’s unusual temperature points to a solution. Team member Laura Sommovigo, astrophysicist at the Flatiron Insti- tute and Columbia University, USA, takes up the story. “Galaxies in the early universe seem be too youngfor the amount of dust they con- tain. That’s strange, because they don’thaveenougholdstars, around which most dust grains are created. But a small amount ofwarm dust can be just as bright as large amounts of cool dust, and that’s exactly what we’re seeing in Y1. Even though these galaxies are still young and don’t yet contain much heavy elements or dust, what they do have is both hot andbright,” sheconcludes.     JANUARY-FEBRUARY2026 G ﻣﺠﻠﺔ FreeAstronomy ﺎﻟﻌﺮ ﺔ 29 ﺗـــﻮﻫﺞ ـــﺎﻟﻠﻮن اﻷ ﻤـــﺮاﻟﻌﻤﻴـــﻖ ﻣـــﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿـــﻲ ـــﺪ اﻟ ﻌ : ﺗﻠﻤـــﻊ اﻟﻤﺠـــﺮة Y1 ﻔﻀـــﻞ ﺟﺰ ﺌـــﺎت اﻟ ـــﺎر ﻐ ﺳﺨﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟ اﻟ ﺗﺸـ ﻠﺖﺣـﺪ ﺜ ) ﺎً ﻣﻈﻠﻠـﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳـﻄﺔ ﺗﻠﺴـ ﻮب ﺟ ﻤﺲو ﺐ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻲ .( [NASA, ESA,CSA, STScI, J. Diego (I stituto de Físi ade Cantabria, Spain), J. D’Silva(U. W stern Au tralia), A. Koekemoer(STScI), J. Summers & R. Windhorst(ASU), and H. Yan (U. Missouri)] اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﺗﻜﻮ . ﻧﺖ اﻷﺟﻴﺎل اﻷوﱃ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﰲ ﻇﺮوف ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﺜ ًا ﻋﻦ أي ﻣﻜﺎن ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨـﺎ رؤﻳﺘﻪ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ اﻟﻴﻮم . ﻳــﺪرس ﻋﻠﻤ ـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠ ـﻚ ﻫ ـﺬه اﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓ ـﺎت ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮﺑﺎت ﻗﻮﻳـﺔ ﻗـﺎدرة ﻋـﲆ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ا ﺠﺮات اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪة ﺟﺪ اً اﻟﺘﻲ اﺳﺘﻐﺮق ﻧﺤ ﻫﺎ ﺿﻮؤ ﻮﻧﺎ ﻣﻠﻴﺎرات اﻟﺴـﻨ ﻟﻠﻮﺻـﻮل . اﻵن ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﺮﻳـﻖ دوﱄ ﻣـﻦ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ ﺑﻘﻴ ـﺎدة ﺗــﻮم ﺑ ـﺎﻛﺲ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌ ـﺔ ﺷـﺎ ﺮز ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺴـﻮﻳﺪ ﻣـﻦ ﻗﻴـﺎس درﺟـﺔ ﺣﺮارة أﺣﺪ أﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺼﺎﻧﻊ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ا ﻌﺮوﻓـﺔ . ا ﺠﺮة ا ﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ Y1 ﺑﻌﻴﺪة ﺟﺪ اً ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أن ﻫﺎ ﺿﻮؤ اﺳﺘﻐﺮق أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 13 ﻣﻠﻴﺎر ﺳﻨﺔ ﻟﻴﺼﻞ إﻟﻴﻨﺎ . ﻳﻘﻮل ﺗﻮم ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ": ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﻨﻈـﺮ إﱃ زﻣﻦٍ ﻛـﺎن ﻓﻴـﻪ اﻟﻜـﻮن ﻳُﻨـﺘِﺞ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم ﺑﴪﻋﺔ أﻛﱪ ﺑﻜﺜ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﻴﻮم . وﻗﺪ ﻛﺸﻔﺖ أرﺻﺎد ﺳـﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻋـﻦ وﺟـﻮد ﻏﺒـﺎر ﻛﻮﻧﻲ ﰲ ﻫﺬه ا ﺠﺮة ﻣﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ أﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ ﻛﻮﻧﻲ ﰲ ﻫﺬه ا ﺠﺮة ﻣﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ أﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ ﺗﻤﻜّﻨﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻹﻃﻼق ﻣﻦ رﺻـﺪ اﻟﻀـﻮء اﻟﺼﺎدر ﻣﺒﺎﴍة ﻣﻦ ﻏﺒﺎر ﻣﺘﻮﻫّﺞ . وﻫﺬا ﻣﺎ دﻓﻌﻨﺎ إﱃ ا ﻻﺷـﺘﺒﺎه ﰲ أن ﻫـﺬه ا ﺠـﺮة ﻗـﺪ ﺗﺸﻐﻞ ﻧﻮﻋﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔ ﺎً وﻓﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﺴـﺨﻮﻧﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﻧﻊ " اﻟﻨﺠﻮم وﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ اﻧﻄﻠﻘﻨـﺎ ﻟﻘﻴﺎس درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮار .«ﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﺸﺒﻴﻬﺔ ﺑ ﺎﻟ ﺸـﻤﺲ ﺗﺘﻜـﻮّن داﺧـﻞ ﺳﺤﺐ ﻫﺎﺋﻠ ﺔ وﻛﺜﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎز ﰲ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء . وﻳﻌﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﺠﺒﺎر وﺳـﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﺎرﻳﻨـﺎ ﻣﺜﺎﻟ ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﻧﻊ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم . ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﺘﻸﻷ ﺑﻮﺿﻮح ﰲ ﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻠﻴـﻞ وﻳﻌـﻮد ذﻟﻚ إﱃ أﺻﻐﺮﻫﺎ ﺳـﻨ وأ ﺎً ﻛﺜﺮﻫـﺎ ﻛﺘﻠـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ا ﻟﺘﻲ ﺗ ﴤء ﺳـﺤﺐ اﻟﻐـﺎز واﻟﻐﺒـﺎر ﺑﺄﻟﻮان ﻋﺪﻳﺪة وﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ . ﻋﻨﺪ أﻃﻮال ﻣﻮﺟﻴﺔ أﻃﻮل ﻣﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﻟﻌ اﻟ ـ ﺒﴩﻳﺔ رؤﻳﺘـﻪ ﺗﺘﻮﻫﺞ ﻣﺼﺎﻧﻊ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺑﺸﺪة ﺑﻔﻀﻞ أﻋـﺪاد ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﺤﺒﻴﺒـﺎت اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐﺒـﺎر اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺨ ﻦ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺿﻮء اﻟﻨﺠﻮم . وﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘ ﻜﺸﺎف درﺟﺔ ﺣ ـﺮارة ﻫــ ﺬه ا ﺠــﺮة ﻛــﺎﻧﻮا ﺑﺤﺎﺟــﺔ إﱃ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻮﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ أ ﺎ . وﻳ ﻌﺪ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ أ ﺎ أﺣـﺪ أﻛـﱪ اﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮﺑﺎت ﰲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ وﻗﺪ أﺗﺎح ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻪ اﻟﺠﺎف وﻋﲆ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻋﺎلٍ ﰲ ﺗﺸﻴﲇ إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗ ﺼﻮﻳﺮ ا ﺠﺮة ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮن ا ﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ﺎً ﻋﻨﺪ ﻃﻮل ﻣﻮﺟﻲ ﻗﺪره 0.44 ﻣﻠﻴﻤﱰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪا م اﻷداة ا ﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺰﻣـﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ و ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫـﺬه اﻷﻃـﻮال ا ﻮﺟﻴـﺔ ﺗﺘﻮﻫ ﺞ ا ﺠﺮة ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺳﺤﺐ ﻣﺘ ﺼﺎﻋﺪة ﻣـﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺎت اﻟﻐﺒﺎر ا ﺘﻮﻫﺞ وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ رأﻳ ﻨﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺳﻄﻮع ﻫﺬه ا ﺠﺮة ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺄﻃﻮال ﻣﻮﺟﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى أدر ﻛﻨﺎ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻔﻮر أﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻨﻈـﺮ إﱃ ﳾء ﻣﻤﻴﺰ ﺣﻘـﺎ وأﻇﻬـﺮ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺮﺻـﺪ أن ﻏﺒـﺎر ا ﺠﺮة ﻳﺘﻮ ﻫ ﺞ ﻋﻨﺪ درﺟﺔ ﺣـﺮارة ﺗﺒﻠـﻎ 90 ﻛﻠﻔﻦ أي ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺎرب - 180 درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ رﻏﻢ أن ﻫﺬه اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺟﺪ اً ﻣﻘﺎرﻧـﺔ ﺑﻐﺒﺎر ا ﻨﺎزل ﻋﲆ اﻷرض ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ أﻋﲆ ﺑﻜﺜـ ﻣﻦ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮا رة أي ﻣﺠﺮة ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠـﺔ أﺧـﺮى ﺷﺎﻫﺪﻧﺎﻫﺎ وﻫﺬا ﻳﺆﻛﺪ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺑ ﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺼـﻨﻊ ﻧﺠﻮم ﻣﺘﻄﺮف واﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ . ﻳ ﻘﻮل أﺣﺪ أﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ـﻮﻳـ ﻳ ﴚ ﺗـﺎﻣﻮرا ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﻏﻮﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎن ﻋﲆ ». اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ﻫﺬه ﻫﻲ ا ﺮة اﻷوﱃ ا ﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺮﺻﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺠﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﺘﻘﺪ أﻧـﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎك ﻛﺜ ﻣﻦ ا ﺠﺮات ا ﺸـﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎك ﻛﺜ ﻣﻦ ا ﺠﺮات ا ﺸـﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﰲ أﻧﺤﺎء أﺧﺮى ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻜـﻮن ورﺑﻤـﺎ ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﻣﺼﺎﻧﻊ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻣﺜﻞ Y1 ﺷـﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜـﻮن ا ﺒﻜﺮ « . ﺗﻘﻮم Y1 ﺑﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﺑﻤﻌـﺪل ﻣﺘﻄﺮف ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋـﲆ 180 ﻛﺘﻠـﺔ ﰲ ﺷﻤﺴـﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ وﻫﻮ إﻳﻘﺎع ﻏ ﻣﺴﺘﺪام ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ أ ن ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻔﱰة ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ . ﰲ ا ﺘﻮﺳـﻂ ﻻ ﺗﻨـﺘﺞ ﻣﺠﺮﺗﻨــﺎ درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧـﺔ ﺳــﻮى ﻧﺤـﻮ ﻛﺘﻠ ـﺔ ﺷﻤﺴﻴﺔ واﺣﺪة ﰲ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ وﻳﺸﺘﺒﻪ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﰲ أن اﻧﺪﻓﺎﻋﺎ ت ﻗﺼ ة وﺧﻔﻴـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗ ﺮﺻﺪ ﰲ Y1 ﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮن ا ﺒﻜﺮ . ﻳﻘﻮل ﺗﻮم ﺑﺎﻛﺲ ": ﻻ ﻧﻌﺮف ﻣـﺪى ﺷـﻴﻮع ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه ا ﺮاﺣـﻞ ﰲ اﻟﻜـﻮن ا ﺒﻜـﺮ، ﻟـﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﺮﻏﺐ ﰲ ا ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﰲ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺰﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺼﺎﻧﻊ ﻧﺠﻮم ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع . ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﺨﻄﻂ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻗـﺪرات ﻣﺮﺻـﺪ أ ـﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ اﻻﺳـﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﻹﻟﻘـﺎء ﻧﻈـﺮ ة أدق ﻋـﲆ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫـﺬه ا ﺠـﺮة « وﻳﻌﺘﻘـﺪ ﻓﺮﻳـﻖ ﺑﺎﻛﺲ أن ا ﺠﺮة Y1 ﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ أﻳﻀً ﺎ ﰲ ﺣﻞ ﻟﻐﺰ ﻛـﻮﻧﻲ آﺧـﺮ . ﻓﻘـﺪ أﻇﻬـﺮت دراﺳـﺎت ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ أن ا ﺠﺮات ﰲ اﻟ ﻜـﻮن ا ﺒﻜـﺮ ﺗﺒـﺪو وﻛﺄن ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻏﺒﺎر اً أﻛﺜـﺮ ﺑﻜﺜـ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻛـﺎن ﺑﺈﻣﻜـﺎن ﻧﺠﻮﻣﻬـﺎ إﻧﺘﺎﺟـﻪ ﺧـﻼل اﻟﻔـﱰة اﻟ ﻘﺼ ة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﻫﺠﺔ . وﻗﺪ ﺣ ﻫﺬا اﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ ﻟﻜﻦ درﺟـﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻏ اﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎدﻳﺔ ﻟـ Y1 ﺗﺸ إﱃ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ وﺗﺘﺎﺑﻊ ا ﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻀﻮة اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﻮرا ﺳﻮﻣﻮﻓﻴﻐﻮ ﻋﺎ ﺔ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﻓﻼﺗ ون وﺟﺎﻣﻌـﺔ ﻛﻮﻟﻮﻣﺒﻴـﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻮﻻﻳـﺎت ا ﺘﺤﺪة :» ا ﺠـﺮات ﰲ اﻟﻜـﻮن ا ﺒﻜـ ﺮ ﺗﺒـﺪو ﺻﻐ ة اﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﻜﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﺒـﺎر اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻳﻬﺎ وﻫﺬا أﻣﺮ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺪد اً ﺎً ﻛﺎﻓﻴ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻳ ﺘﻜـﻮّن ﺣﻮﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺎت اﻟﻐﺒـﺎر ﻟﻜـﻦ ﻛﻤﻴـﺔ ﺻﻐ ة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر اﻟﺪاﻓﺊ ﻳﻤﻜـﻦ أن ﺗﻜـﻮن ﺳﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪر ﻧﻔﺴﻪ اﻟـﺬي ﺗﻜـﻮن ﻋﻠ ﻴـﻪ ﻛﻤﻴـﺎت ﻛﺒـ ة ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐﺒـﺎر اﻟﺒـﺎرد ﻫـﺬا و ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺮاه ﰲ ا ﺠﺮة Y1. وﺗﺨﻠﺺ إﱃ اﻟﻘﻮل ": ورﻏﻢ أن ﻫﺬه ا ﺠﺮات ﻣﺎ زاﻟﺖ ﻓﺘﻴﺔ وﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻜﺜ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﴏ اﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ أو اﻟﻐﺒﺎر ﻓﺈن ﻣـﺎ ﺗﻤﺘﻠﻜـﻪ ﻫﻮ ﻏﺒﺎر ﺣﺎر وﺳﺎﻃﻊ ﰲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴ ﻪ ﻋﲆ ﻧﺤﻮ ﻏ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺎً . اﻟﻦ ﺟﻮم ﺑﴪﻋﺔ أﻛـﱪ ﺑﻜﺜـ ﻣﻤـﺎ ﻫـﻮ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ - ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ 2 0 2 6