Free Astronomy Magazine January-February 2026 ARABIC VERSION

JANUARY-FEBRUARY2026 says Antoine Mérand, an ESO as- tronomer and VLTI Programme Scientist. The VLTI combines light fromseveralindividualtelescopes of the VLT (either the four eight- metre Unit Telescopes, UTs, or the four smaller Auxiliary Telescopes) using interferometry. GRAVITY+ isanupgradetotheVLTI,witha focus on GRAVITY, a very successful VLTI instrument that has been used to image exoplanets, observe stars near and far and perform detailed observations of faint objects orbit- ing the Milky Way’s supermassive black hole. GRAVITY+ also encom- passesinfrastructuralchangesto the telescopes and upgrades to the VLTI underground tunnels, wherethe light beams are brought to- gether.Theinstallationofalaserat each of the previously unequipped UTs is a key achievement of this long-term project, transforming the VLTI into the most powerful optical interferometer in the world. “The VLTI with GRAVITY has already en- abled so many unpredicted discov- eries, we are excited to see how GRAVITY+willpushtheboundaries evenfurther,” saysGRAVITY+Prin- cipal Investigator Frank Eisenhauer of the Max-Planck Institute for Ex- traterrestrial Physics (MPE), Ger- many, which led the consortium carryingouttheupgrade.Theseries ofupgradeshasbeenongoingfor a few years and includes revised adaptive-opticstechnology—asys- ﻟﺤﻈﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ اﻷ ﻫﻤﻴـﺔ ﻨﺸـﺄة ﻓﺮﻳـﺪة ﻣـﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ «. ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﻣ ﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﺟﺪ اً ﻋﲆ دﻣﺞ اﻟﻀﻮء اﻟـﻮارد ﻣـﻦ ﻋـﺪة ﺗﻠﺴـﻜﻮﺑﺎت ﻓﺮدﻳﺔ ﺳﻮاء اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻄﺮ ﻗ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺛﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ أﻣﺘﺎر أو اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎ ت ا ﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ اﻷﺻﻐﺮ ﺣﺠﻤﺎً وﻳـﺘﻢ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺪﻣﺞ ﻋﱪ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻴﺢ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ دﻗﺔ زاوﻳﺔ ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ ﴩوع ـﻣـ ﻤﺜﻞ وﻳ ﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺘــﻲ + ﺗﺮﻗﻴــﺔ ﺷــﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟ ﻠ ﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣــﺔ ﺗﺘﻤﺤـﻮر ﺣـﻮل أداة ﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺘـﻲ وﻫـﻲ أداة ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﺎح داﺧﻞ اﻟﻨﻈـﺎم اﺳـﺘُﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﰲ ﻮﻳ ﺗﺼ ﺮ ﻛﻮاﻛﺐ ﺧﺎرج ا ﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺴـﻴﺔ ورﺻﺪ ﻧﺠﻮم ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ وﺑﻌﻴﺪة وإﺟﺮاء دراﺳﺎت ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻷﺟﺮام ﺧﺎﻓﺘﺔ ﺗﺪور ﺣﻮل اﻟﺜﻘـﺐ اﻷﺳﻮد ﻓﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﺘﻠـﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ﻣﺠـﺮة درب اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧــﺔ . ﻛﻤــﺎ ﺗﺸــﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﻗﻴــﺔ ﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺘﻲ + ﺗﻐﻴـ ات ﺑﻨﻴﻮﻳـﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺘﻠﺴـﻜﻮﺑﺎت ﻧﻔﺴـﻬﺎ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚ اﻷﻧﻔﺎق اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ ﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ إﺿــﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ﺗﺤــﺪﻳﺚ اﻷﻧﻔــﺎق اﻷرﺿــﻴﺔ ﻟ ﻠﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺠﻤ ﻊ ﺣﺰم اﻟﻀﻮء اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮﺑﺎت وﻳ . ﻌﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻧﻈـﺎم ﻟﻴـﺰر ﻋﲆ ﻛﻞ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜـﻦ ﻣﺠﻬـﺰ اً ﺳـﺎﺑﻘﺎ إﻧﺠﺎز اً ﻣﺤﻮرﻳﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬا ا ﴩوع ﻃﻮﻳﻞ اﻷﻣﺪ إذ ﺣﻮ ﻣ ل ﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜ ﺒـ ﺟﺪ ا إﱃ أﻗﻮى ﻣﻘﻴـﺎس ﺗـﺪاﺧﻞ ﺑـ ـ ﴫي ﰲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ . وﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺎﺣـﺚ اﻟـﺮﺋﻴﺲ ـ ﴩوع ـ ﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺘـﻲ + ، ﻓﺮاﻧـﻚ أﻳﺰﻧﻬـﺎور ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻌﻬـﺪ ﻣﺎﻛﺲ ﺑﻼﻧﻚ ﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء ﺧﺎرج اﻻرض ﰲ أ ﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺘـﻲ + ﻓﺮاﻧـﻚ أﻳﺰﻧﻬـﺎور ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻌﻬـﺪ ﻣﺎﻛﺲ ﺑﻼﻧﻚ ﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء ﺧﺎرج اﻻرض ﰲ أ ﺎﻧﻴﺎ وﻫﻲ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺎدت اﺗﺤـﺎد ا ﺆﺳﺴـﺎت ا ﻨﻔّﺬة ﻟﻠﱰ » : ﻗﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻣﻜّﻦ ﻣ ﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﺟـﺪ اً ﻣـﻊ أداة ﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺘـﻲ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﺎ ﻛﺘﺸـﺎﻓﺎت ﻏـ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌـﺔ وﻧﺤـﻦ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﺴﻮن ﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺳﻴﺪﻓﻊ ﻣﺸــﺮوع ﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺘﻲ + ﺣﺪود اﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎت إﱃ ﻣﺪى أﺑﻌﺪ «. - ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ 2 0 2 6 ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻮرة أرﻌﺔ أﺷـﻌﺔ ﻟـ رﻓـﻲﻣﺮﺻـﺪ ﺎراﻧـﺎل اﻟﺘـﺎﺑﻊ ﻟــ ﻠﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑـﻲ اﻟـ ـ ـﺚ أ ﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲﺣ ﻃﻠـﻖ ﻞ ﻟ ر ﻣﻦ أﺣﺪ اﻟﺘﻠﺴ ﻮ ﺎت اﻷرﻌـﺔ ذات اﻟﻘﻄـﺮ ﺛﻤﺎﻧ ـﺔ أﻣﺘـﺎراﻟﻤﻮﺟـﻮدة ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗـﻊ و ﻤﺜـ ﻞ إﻃـﻼق ﻫـﺬﻩ اﻟﻠ رات ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻠ ﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻘ ﺎ س اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺴ ﻮب اﻟﻜﺒ ﺟﺪ اً ﺗ ﻤـﻊ اﻟ اﻟﻀـﻮء اﻟـﻮارد ﻣــﻦ ﻫــﺬﻩ اﻟﺘﻠﺴــ ﻮ ﺎت وﻛــﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻤﺸـﺮوع ﻏــﺮاﻓ + وﻫــﻮ ﺗﺤــﺪ ﺚ ﻛﺒــ وﻣﻌﻘــ ﺪ ﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣــﺔ ــﺎس ﻣﻘ اﻟﺘــﺪاﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺴـ ﻮب ا ﻟﻜﺒــ ﺟــﺪاً ــﺐ ﻧﻈــﺎم ﻟــ رﻋ وﻣــﻊ ﺗﺮﻛ ــﺔ أﻣﺘــﺎر ــﻞ ﺗﻠﺴــ ﻮب ﻘﻄــﺮ ﺛﻤﺎﻧ ﻠــﻰ ــﻞ ﻟــ رﻧ ﻤــﺎ ﻨﺸــﺊ اﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋ ﺎً ﺎً ﻻﻣﻌ ﻋﻠﻰ ارﻔﺎع ﻳ ﻠـﻎ ﻧﺤـﻮ 90 اً ﻛ ﻠـﻮﻣ ﻓـﻮقﺳـﻄﺢ اﻷرضﻣـﺎ ﺘـﻴﺢ ﺗﺼـﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺘﺸـﻮ ش اﻟﻨـﺎﺗﺞ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﻐــﻼف اﻟـــ ـ ﺠﻮيﻓــﻲ أي اﺗﺠـــﺎﻩ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﺴـــﻤﺎء و ﺴــﻬﻢ ذﻟـــﻚ ﻓــﻲﻓـــﺘﺢ ﺎﻣــﻞ ﺳـــﻤﺎء اﻟﻨﺼــﻒ اﻟـــ ـ ﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ أﻣـــ ﺎم اﻟﺘﻠ ﺴـــ ﻮب اﻟﻜﺒـــ ﺟـــﺪ اً زﻗ و ﻌـــﺰ ﺪر ـــﮫ اﻟﺮﺻـــﺪ ﺔ ﺸـــ ﻞ ﻛﺒـــ اﻟﺘ . ﻘﻄـــﺖ ﻫـــﺬﻩ اﻟﺼـــﻮرة ذات اﻟﺘﻌـــﺮﺾ اﻟﻄﻮﻳـــﻞ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﻧﻮﻓﻤ 2025 ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻔﻠﻚﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺻﺪ اﻷوروﺑـﻲ اﻟــﺠﻨﻮﺑﻲ أﻧﻄـﻮﻧﻲ ﺑـ دو ﺧـﻼ ـﺎن ل ﻟ ﻠـﺔ اﻟﻘﻤﺮﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺷ ﮫ ﻣﻜﺘﻤﻞ و ﻈﻬﺮاﻟﻘﻤﺮﻓﻲ اﻟ ـ ﺠﻬﺔ اﻟ ﺴﺮىﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻮرة . [A. Berdeu/ESO]